四级学习笔记

这是四级改革后的选词填空，然后整理了一些常见词汇吧，算是。 take ···seriously严肃对待 neglect: 疏忽;忽略;遗漏;疏于照顾 distinguish: 区分，辨别，分清;辨别是非 fairly: 适当，相当地;公平地;完全，简直;清楚地

pottery: 陶器;陶器厂[作坊];<集合词>陶器类;陶器制造（术）wrestle:

（与某人）搏斗;（与…）摔跤;斟酌 n.

摔跤;斗争

测量：measure;survey;gauge;meter;meterage Rejection拒绝

Crow into充满···的空间 Initiatives主权，主动性 Proactivity 积极性 Merely仅仅，只不过 Peak山峰最高点 Casual偶然的，非正式的 Jogger 慢跑锻炼者 Invalid 病弱的人，残疾者 Soared高飞

Profound深刻的，意义深远的 Investigated 研究 Occasionally偶尔

Patent专利 Relate联系

Integrate使一体化，使完整 Presence仪表，风度 Reflect反映，考虑，反射 Maintain保持，维护 Contribute贡献出，投稿 Neglect=ignore忽视，不管 Distinguish辨别 Shelters居所，避难所 Household家庭，家属 Containers容器 Boundary分界线，边线 Region地区，管辖区，行政区 Brutal野蛮的

Harsh粗糙的，严厉的，严格的 Bulk体积，大量，大部分，主体 Halt停止，终止 Waistline腰围 Promoted促进，升级 Surge汹涌，波涛 Charge 装载，使充电

Instruction授课，课程，指令 Illusion错觉 Retain保持，雇佣， Fraction一小部分，分数 Succession继承权，系列 Immerse浸没，沉迷，陷入 Grasp抓住，控制

Intimate亲密的，暗示，通知 Convention会议，习俗，规矩 Spouse配偶，···结婚 Withdraw取钱 Stock股份，存货 Track跟踪

Exact强求，要求，精确的 Hand传递，搀扶

Despite尽管，轻蔑，不承认

Consequently所以，因此，结果，推论Surplus过剩，多余 Ceased停止，结束 Promote促进，提升 Fed联邦政府执法官员 Insignificant

Slave away辛苦··· Founder跌倒，破坏，创始者 Blame

Disposal处置，清理，废品的 Distinctive有特色的

Gainfully有利益的，有收获的 Legislation立法，制定法规 Prohibited禁止

Sensational轰动的，耸人听闻的 Enrolled使卷入

Perceived意识到，察觉，发觉，理解 Pervasive普遍的，遍布 Section部门

candidate报考者;申请求职者;攻读学位者;最后命运或结局如何已显然可见者

这是四级改革后的匹配阅读题型（有空练练吧？）

Young Workers Push Employers for Wider Web Access

A) Ryan Tracy thought he’d entered the Dark Ages when he graduated college and arrived in the working world. His employer blocked access to Facebook, Gmail and other popular Internet sites. He had no wireless access for his laptop and often ran to a nearby cafe on work time so he could use its Wi-Fi connection to send large files. Sure, the barriers did what his employer intended: They stopped him and his colleagues from using work time to mess about online. But Tracy says the rules also got in the way of reasonable work he needed to do as a scientific analyst for a health care services company.

B) “It was a constant battle between the people that saw technology as an advantage, and those that saw it as a hindrance,” says the 27-year-old Chicagoan, who now works for a different company. He was sure there had to be a better way. It’s a

common complaint from young people who join the work force with the expectation that their bosses will embrace technology as much as they do. Then some discover that sites they're supposed to be researching for work are blocked. Or they can’t take a little down time to read a news story online or check their personal e-mail or social networking accounts. In some cases, they end up using their own Internet-enabled smart phones to get to blocked sites, either for work or fun.

C) So some are wondering: Could companies take a different approach, without compromising security or workplace efficiency that allows at least some of the online access that younger employees particularly long for? “It’s no different than spending too much time around the water cooler or making too many personal phone calls. Do you take those away? No,” says Gary Rudman, president of GTR Consulting, a market research firm that tracks the habits of young people. “These two worlds will continue to conflict until there's a mutual understanding that performance, not Internet usage, is what really matters.”

D) This is, after all, a generation of young people known for what University of Toronto sociologist Barry Wellman calls “media multiplexity (多重性).” College students he has studied tell him how they sleep with their smart phones and, in some cases, consider their electronic tools to be like a part of their bodies. They’re also less likely to fit the traditional 9-to-5 work mode and are willing to put in time after hours in exchange for flexibility, including online time. So, Wellman and others argue, why not embrace that working style when possible, rather than fight it?

E) There is, of course, another side of the story from employers who worry about everything from wasted time on the Internet to giving away secret information and liability for what their employees do online. Such concerns have to be taken especially seriously in such highly regulated fields as finance and health care, says Nancy Flynn, a corporate consultant who heads the Ohio-based ePolicy Institute. From a survey Flynn did this year with the American Management Association, she believes nearly half of U.S. employers have a policy banning visits to personal social networking or video sharing sites during work hours. Many also ban personal text messaging during working days. Flynn notes that the rising popularity of BlackBerrys, iPhones and other devices with Web access and messaging have made it much more difficult to enforce what’s being done on work time, particularly on an employee’s personal phone. Or often the staff uses unapproved software applications to get around the blocks.

F) As a result, more employers are experimenting with opening access. That's what Joe Dwyer decided to do when he started Chicago-based Brill Street & Co., a jobs site for young professionals. He lets his employees use social networking and has found that, while they might spend time chatting up their friends, sometimes they’re asking those same friends for advice for a work problem or looking for useful contacts. “So what seems unproductive can be very productive,” Dwyer says. Kraft Foods Inc. recently opened access to everything from YouTube to Facebook and Hotmail, with the warning that personal use be reasonable and

never interfere with job activities.

G) Broadening access does, of course, mean some employees will cross lines they aren't supposed to. Sapphire Technologies LP, an information-technology staffing firm based in Massachusetts, started allowing employees to use most Internet sites two years ago, because recruiters for the company were going on Facebook to find talent. Martin Perry, the company’s chief information officer, says managers occasionally have to give employees a “slap on the wrist” for watching sports on streaming video or downloading movies on iTunes. And he says older managers sometimes raise eyebrows at their younger peers' online judgment. “If you saw some of the pictures that they've uploaded, even to our internal directory, you'd question the maturity,” Perry says. It’s the price a company has to pay, he says, for attracting top young talent that’s willing to work at any hour. “Banning the Internet during work hours would be short-sighted on our part,” Perry says.

H) But that also means many companies are still figuring out their online policies and how to deal with the unclear lines between work and personal time including social networking, even with the boss. “I think over time, an open embrace of these tools can become like an awkward embrace,” says Mary Madden, a senior research specialist at the Pew Internet & American Life Project. “It can get very messy.” One option is for companies to allow access to certain sites but limit what employees can do there. For instance, Palo Alto Networks, a computer security company, recently helped a furniture maker open up social networking for some employees, but limited such options as file-sharing, largely so that sensitive information isn’t transferred, even accidentally. “Wide-open Internet access is the risky approach,” says Chris King, Palo Alto Networks’ director of product marketing. However, “fully closed is increasingly unsustainable for cultural reasons and business reasons.”

I) Flynn, at the ePolicy Institute, says it’s important that employers have a clear online policy and then explain it. She believes not enough employers have conducted formal training on such matters as online liability and confidentiality (保密性). Meantime, her advice to any employee is this: \start blogging. Don't start chatting. Don't even start e-mailing until you read the company policy.\

46. Some highly regulated fields, like finance and health care, tend to take serious concern about the problem of secret information exposure.

47. Many young people who just join the work force hold the expectation that web access is available for employees.

48. In spite of the problem caused, some still think that it's short-sighted for the company to fully close the Internet during work hours.

49. Kraft, Foods Inc. opened web access to the employees on the condition that they use the web without interfering with work.

50. The generation of “media multiplexity” tends to consider electronic tools as a part of their body.

51. Some employers blocked access to Internet because they wanted to prevent

employees from using work time to mess about online.

52. It is suggested that employees should start blogging, chatting or e-mailing only after they have a clear idea of the company's online policy.

53. Gary Rudman reckons that the conflict between employers and employees over web access will fade away if the importance of performance is prioritized.

54. One possible online policy for the company is to allow access to certain websites but limit the things employees can do there.

55. Due to the popularity of smart phones with web access, it becomes more difficult to enforce what employees are doing during work time.

(2)

Master's of Your Own Field

A) In the face of a fearsome job market and high graduate unemployment levels, postgraduate education is booming. More than 270,000 students returned to university to add a dash of postgraduate flash to their CVs in the previous year: demand for master's degrees surged 27%, while the number of PhD candidates rose 9%. And the latest research suggests that those currently sweating over postgraduate thesis proposals can sit back and look content. Postgraduate Education in the United Kingdom, a paper published by the British Library and the Higher Education Policy Institute (Hepi), found that, three and a half years after graduation, 94% of postgraduates found work in the professions, compared to 78% of undergraduates.

B) There were more reasons to smile from the Higher Education Careers Services Unit, whose research into graduate market trends confirmed that master’s graduates experienced lower rates of unemployment during the recession than their first-degree peers. But that extra employability comes at a cost. The average price tag attached to a one-year master's course for a domestic student has risen to ￡4,000. The average cost of an MBA, meanwhile, has hit ￡12,000. Add that expense to the growing concern that universities' ability to provide advanced learning could be hit by staffing cuts and funding squeezes, and the outlook for postgraduate education looks less rosy.

C) Those worries come out in the Hepi report, which also shows that the pay premium (奖金) for postgraduates is decreasing. The report's authors admit that postgraduate study may \longer carry the weight it used to, as increasing numbers of postgraduate qualifiers compete for jobs in UK workplaces\They also admit that as the financial returns from higher study decrease while fees rise, \may become increasingly difficult for those from less economically secure backgrounds to consider this course\official review of postgraduate education currently being undertaken by the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills.

D) For now, however, rising fees and lower salary premiums mean wannabe-postgraduates need to be discerning (有辨别力的) when choosing a course. One crucial thing to look at, according to Carl Gilleard, chief executive of the Association of Graduate Recruiters, is how the course will help you meet your future employment aims. “If postgraduate qualifications are undertaken for the

right reason, and the graduate is able to explain their value to prospective employers, they can certainly be very worthwhile additions to CVs,” he says. “The desirability of a postgraduate degree varies between sectors in science and engineering a postgraduate qualification is often a requirement, and in investment banking an MBA is seen by many as invaluable when supported by structured work experience. But if the real reason is to delay the job search or as a last resort after failing to secure a job, then it is not going to be a worthwhile exercise.”

E) Gilleard also advises postgraduate students to carry out work experience while studying. “It's important to find ways to build on employability skills the majority of recruiters think that the ability to demonstrate the competencies required for a role is just as important as having an additional academic qualification.”

F) That was an important consideration for Jamie Esterkin, 23, from Manchester, who graduated with a law degree from Nottingham University in 2008. He knew that one day he wanted to work as a lawyer, but decided to do a master's in another subject to broaden his knowledge first. “I was interested in property and business, and wanted to sample life in London, so I chose to do a master's in real estate development at the University of Westminster,\Esterkin explains. \thought it would be especially useful if I choose to specialize in real estate law one day.”

G) He began searching websites and university introductions, looking for a course that covered a range of property topics, had a strong reputation and offered good value for money. \London universities cost upwards of￡20,000 for a single year, but they mainly covered similar areas.\the Westminster course: he could fund the ￡5,000 fee through savings, help from his parents and a part- time job.

H) “Looking back, I think it represented good value for money --- the teaching was excellent and the course was interesting and varied,” he says. “The postgraduate learning style was more practical, with hands-on experience that helped me gain a better understanding of the workings of the commercial world. Esterkin has now returned for a final year of legal study, having secured a training contract with a City firm next year. \my postgraduate degree helped to distinguish me from the crowd,\for future postgraduates is to work harder from the start. \taught and examined in a very different way from undergraduate degrees, and as they only last nine months, it's tough to judge the level you need to succeed.\

I) The drive to find. a good job was also a key motivation for Lauren Dolan, 22, from Bath, who graduated with a degree in management systems from Manchester Metropolitan University in June 2008. She chose to engage in master's study with one eye on the competitive graduate job market and another on the gloomy economic climate. “I wanted, to have something over and above an undergraduate degree to make me stand out from other candidates,” she says. Although she had had weekend and holiday jobs since she was 15, a lack of professional work experience led her to choose a master's in advanced management practice at Bath

University's business school, which included a six-month work placement in industry.

J) “The course gave me a very solid foundation, both in terms of theoretical knowledge and practical work experience,” Dolan explains. She spent her placement working at yoghurt-maker Danone, where she says: \was given responsibility from the start and the very varied tasks enabled me to develop my skills.\graduation means that Dolan feels the ￡12,000 tuition fees were a worthy investment. She adds: “Although it initially sounds expensive, I started work the day after my course ended, so it was definitely worthwhile.”

46. Carl Gilleard suggests that one should choose a course based on future employment aims.

47. The cruel job market and the gloomy economic climate drove Lauren Dolan to engage in master's study.

48. Most employers think that the ability to demonstrate the competencies is equally important as academic qualification.

49.Given its high cost and universities' declining ability to provide advanced learning, the outlook for postgraduate education looks less encouraging.

50. In order to broaden his knowledge, Esterkin chose to seek a master's in real estate development.

51. It becomes increasingly difficult for those less affluent to consider seeking postgraduate education as fees rise.

52. It is confirmed that during recession postgraduates experienced lower rates of unemployment than undergraduates.

53. It is not worthwhile to get a postgraduate qualification if it is only an excuse to delay seeking a job.

54. Both the demand for master's degrees and PhD surged in the previous year as more people rushed back to university.

55. Esterkin believes that his postgraduate degree distinguishes him from other candidates to get a training contract.

(3)

Driver's License Test Tips

A) This article will provide you with some simple tips for passing your driver's license test. Adequate preparation is absolutely essential, without which any number of driver's license test tips will be redundant.

B) \luxury to drive a car anytime he or she pleases, as driving without passing a driver's license test is against the law. For some people, the stress can be too much to handle and as a result they may mess up on the driver's license test. There are some simple driver's license test tips that anyone can follow, to be assured of passing the test and getting their driver's license.

C) The most important of all the tips for passing your driver's license test is to be prepared. This can only be achieved by you through hours and hours of sincere

and diligent practice. If you are not sufficiently prepared for your driver's license test, all the driver's license tips for passing your driver's license test will be utterly pointless and redundant. You can read as many drivers' license test tips as you want, but if you are not practicing enough, then all these driving test tips will be in vain. Enrolling yourself in driving schools is advisable for this purpose.

D) Now, if you're wondering how to prepare for your driving test, the first thing you need to know is what the driving test instructors and officials are going to be looking for. The following are the qualities that the instructors will be on the lockout for and also the parameters that the scoring will be conducted on.

E) Starting the vehicle: The instructor will be observing you right from the time you start the vehicle. He will note if you turn your head to look back and if you follow all the safety regulations that are required to be followed while starting a vehicle. Here are some tips on learning to drive a car.

F) Control of the vehicle: He will pay close attention to how much control you actually have over the\vehicle. Your abilities with the gas pedal, the brake, the steering wheel and other controls will be scrutinized.

G) Steering: Not many road test tips stress on the importance of steering. This quality is closely analyzed by the instructor arid obviously if your steering is wayward (任性的), the chances of' passing the driver's license test are very slim.'' H) Driving in traffic: Keeping calm and avoiding panic attacks while driving in traffic is of utmost importance. Many people get extremely stressed and nervous, when they are in the midst of traffic and one of the very crucial tips to pass road test for driver's license is to stay calm and composed when driving in traffic. Also read more on road safety and car safety.

I) Traffic signs and lane discipline: This is another area that the instructors will be rating you on. Your ability to observe lane discipline and your recognition of the various traffic signs plays a major role in your passing the test. Keep these driver's license test tips 'in mind to pass the test in your very First attempt.

J) Stopping: Stopping the car smoothly and at the right place is a critical skill to have. When the instructor asks you to stop the car, the timing, the positioning and the technique of doing so are important driving test tips to bear in mind.

K) Backing up arid distance judgment: Your backing up skills and .your ability to judge the distances between your vehicle and other entities will also be carefully scrutinized. If you cannot back up your vehicle satisfactorily, parking would be very troublesome for you and a major source of hazard to you and to others around you.

L) Hill parking: One of the essential tips for passing your driver's license test is to master the art of hill parking. This is not as easy as it seems and can become a major source of anxiety in a driver. If you can display good skills at hill parking, it proves that you have developed good control over the vehicle.

M) Arm signals and driving etiquette: Another aspect that you will be judged on is your efficiency at giving the right arm signals at the right time. Your respect for other drivers on the road and the amount of courtesy you show them also plays a part in your final rating on the driver's license test. Read more about defensive

driving techniques and tips and defensive driving courses.

N) Drivers who are well aware and informed about all the rules and regulations that need to be followed have a better chance of clearing their driver's license test. The primary goal of these driver's license test tips is to instill (慢慢灌输) a responsible and mature frame of mind in every individual. These road test tips will be pointless unless you develop a calm demeanor and unless you are aware of all the rules that must be followed while driving.

O) Here are a few more basic drivers' license test tips that you should keep in mind when you're learning how to prepare for your driving test. Always use the restroom before your test begins. Not doing so will cause more anxiety during the test. Memorize all the traffic signs and their significance well in advance before the test. Use your rear view mirrors efficiently and regularly. Ensure that you are well on time for your test and are carrying all the required documents and paperwork. Get adequate sleep the previous night and do not give the test with an empty stomach. Stick to the permitted speed limit. Do not drive too fast and do not drive too slow either.

P) Passing a driver's license test is not simple and unless you are well versed in driver education, you could face a lot of difficulties. At the end of the day, remember that the instructors also want you to pass the test, so do your best to stay calm and composed and believe in your ability to pass the test. This cannot be reinstated enough, but the key to passing your driver's license test is practice.

46. According to this article, the importance of steering is emphasized by not many road test tips.

47. Your timing, positioning and technique should be considered by yourself when you stop your test car.

48. Some people may fail their driver's license tests because they have too much stress.

49. Hill parking as one of the essential tips for your license test seems easy.

50. The tips in this article primarily aimed at instilling a responsible and mature frame of mind in you.

51. In order to pass your driver's license test, you should practice.

52. Your driver's license test begins in practice when you start your test car.

53. During the preparation process, a few more basic tips should be kept in mind. 54. You should sleep adequately the night before your test.

55. A lot of difficulties could be faced if you are not well versed in driver education.

(4)

Creative Book Report Ideas

A) Are you at a loss for creative book report ideas for your students? If yes, then this article will help you make reading and reviewing books more creative for your class. In an age of PSPs, Xbox, anime and gaming arcades, reading has lost its foothold in the list of hobbies that children tend to cite. Most of the reading that kids do today, comes in the form of compulsory books that they need to read for school and maybe that is the reason they find reading to be an insurmountable and

boring task. If you want to inculcate the love for languages and literary masterpieces in your students and want them to devour books everyone should read, then a good way of going about the same would be to get them to start working on creative book report ideas. While working' on creative ideas of book reports, your students will have to understand the book in a way that allows them to come up with new ways to present to the class, the essence of the book.

B) As a teacher, while egging your students to activate their creative gray cells, you will have to help them out with basic ideas that they can work on. Depending on the age bracket that your students belong to, the creative book report ideas will vary. This is so, not just because of the varying attention spans that children of various age groups posses but also because of the amount of work that kids can put into the report. While a middle school student will be comfortable handling a handy cam, a student from elementary school will be more fascinated if he is working with paints and puppets. So do you want to know how to write a book report creatively? In this article, we will list out for you, a couple of good creative book report ideas for elementary students and for middle school students.

C) A book report sandwich is a good creative idea for book reports. As a teacher you can get drawings of a sandwich on sheets of paper that are of the color of the ingredients of your sandwich, for example, a cream sheet of paper to resemble mayonnaise, red to represent tomato and likewise. Obviously, each ingredient should be cut in a way that when assembled together, it looks like a sandwich. Now, give each of your students one of these book sandwiches to create their book report. It can start with the name of the book and the author's name on the top slice of the sandwich. The second ingredient can have the summary of the book on it. Each subsequent ingredient can have a description of the main characters, the setting of the book, the plot, and then his or her views about the book. Once they are done with their book reports, they can staple the book sandwich together and then, you can create a class bulletin board with all the book report sandwiches on display.

D) One of the good techniques to retell a story, it is also one of the favorite creative book report ideas among students. The job that the student will have is to read the book and then pick-a few objects at his/her home which will allow him/her to retell the story in a way that makes it interesting for his/ her audience. Every time he/she picks out an object from the bag to report the book he/she has read, there 'has to be a valid connection between the book and the object, which the student can first ask the audience to guess and then go ahead and explain it. This idea is spin-off on then normal show and tells and allows for an interactive book report session.

E) This is one of the creative ideas for book reports in' which, as the teacher, you will have to divide your class into groups and give them one book each. The students can then read the book and get together' and Write a play and act it out for the class. To' give a deeper insight into the book, one of the students can play the role of the author and as a group, the students can try and recreate the thought process of the author. The student playing the role of the author can then interrupt the play

at important junctures and talk about the reasons for these twists in the play and how he/she came up with these plot lines.

F) As a young adult, your student's fascination may go beyond the immediate concerns of the book. He/she may want to understand the circumstances in which the book was written, the times then, the events happening in the world and get the author's perspective about the book. Encourage your students to think on those lines. Divide the class into pairs and give each pair one book to read. Let them then do the roles of the author and a journalist. You can have an interview session in front of the class, enabling them to dissect the book and get a peek into the author's world.

G) In a technology-obsessed world, it may be a very tiny minority of your class that does not get excited with the prospect of shooting a film. One of the best creative book report ideas for middle school, you will need to divide the class into groups and give them at least two months to adapt the book that they have been assigned, into a film. The movie should have a well-adapted screenplay, and all other prerequisites, like a lighting engineer, sound engineer, costume designer, etc. At the end of the given time, the film can be screened in front of the class and then discussed.

H) If you are on the lockout for good individual creative book report ideas, then this one could be for you. Assign every student a book and then ask them to start maintaining a diary, from the author's point of view. Ask them to come up with imaginary incidents from the author's life and use historical events to explain why the author wrote the book in a certain manner. Alternately, you can also ask your students to give a surrogate ending to the story.

I) These are just few of the options that you could use to inspire your students to come up with creative book report ideas. As kids we tend to be more imaginative and creative. Encourage your students to think out of the box and appreciate them for their efforts. This will help you have a class that is not only lively and inquisitive by nature but also a class that will cultivate a love for words.

46. Teachers can create a class bulletin board to display all the book report sandwiches after their students finish their reports.

47. Adopting the method of knowing your author, teachers can encourage students to think beyond the immediate concerns of the book.

48. Asking the students to write from their own point of view is suitable for teachers who are on the lockout for good individual creative book report ideas.

49. Retelling a story is one of the favorite creative book report ideas among students and it tells and allows for an interactive book report session.

50. Nowadays, most of book children read are those they need to read for school. 51. Teachers tend to be more imaginative and creative as kids.

52. While working on creative ideas for book reports, students will have to understand the book.

53. The creative book report ideas vary according to ages because children in different age groups have different attention span.

54. If teachers ask their students to shoot a film about a book, they should give them no fewer than two months.

55. Teachers have to divide their class into groups and give them one book each is a good creative book report ideas.

答案： (1) 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 E B G F D A I C (2) 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 D I E B F C B D (3) 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 G J B L N C E O (4) 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 C

F

H

D

A

I

A

B

祝每个人四级考试都可以考出一个自己满意的分数。54 55 H E 54 55 A H 54 55 O P 54 55 G

E

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