自考英语本科《英美文学选读》英国文艺复兴时期一天全掌握

自考英语本科《英美文学选读》英国文艺复兴时期一天全掌握

English Literature

The Renaissance Period

1. age: 1500-1660

2. background: stimulated by the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek classic; England's Golden Age, especially in literature; the Church of England broke away from the Catholic Church

3. features:

(1)New poetical forms introduced, e.g. blank verse and sonnet;

(2) the English drama based itself on the models of Roman and Greek classics and the precedents from Italy and Spain

(3)the universal tend of humanism in emphasizing man's dignity and his worldly happiness

Edmund Spenser

埃德蒙.斯賓賽

1. The poet's poet;

2. Perfect melody; a rare sense of beauty; a splendid imagination; a lofty moral purity and seriousness; a dedicated idealism

The Faerie Queen

仙后

(The Shepheades Calender牧人日记;Epithalamion新婚喜歌)

An allegory; "a historical poem" to present the example of a perfect gentleman; a hero represent one of the 12 virtues; fierce warres and faithful loves

Christopher Marlowe

克里斯扥夫.馬洛

（Blank verse

University wit）

1. perfected blank verse and turned it into the principal medium of English drama

2. created a series of images of the Renaissance hero for English drama

Dr Fauctus

浮士德博士

The Passionate Shepherd to His Love多情的牧羊人致情人

自考英语本科《英美文学选读》英国文艺复兴时期一天全掌握

1. symbolic of a humanist in the Renaissance; based on the German legend of a magician aspiring for knowledge and finally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the Devil

William Shakespeare

威廉.莎士比亞

The greatest playwright and the most popular sonnet writer; a creation of characters; skillful plot construction; irony; a good use of a language; skilled in various poetic forms; of three quatrains and a couplet(三节四行诗加一节偶句); national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity—―The King‘s government must be carried on‖ (在一个强大英明的君主统治下的国家，统一是非常必要的)

(Each hero has his weekness of nature: Hamlet, the melancholic scholar-prince, faces the dilemma between action and mind; Othello‘s inner weakness is made use of by the outside evil force; the old king Lear who is unwilling to totally give up his power makes himself suffer from treachery and infidelity; and Macbeth‘s lust for power stirs up his ambition and leads him to incessant crimes.)

literature should be a combination of beauty, kindness and truth, and should reflect nature and reality

Sonnets

十四行詩

The Merchant of Venice

威尼斯商人

Hamlet

哈姆雷特

(Venus and Adonis维纳斯和安东尼斯; The Rape of Lucrece鲁克丽斯受辱记;romantic tragicomedies浪漫悲喜剧;Romeo and Juliet;

Shakespeare's greatest tragedies are : Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth

1. 154 poems; English form

2. The traditional theme of the play is to praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a heroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, and to expose the insatiable greed and brutality of the Jew. Many people today tend to regard the play as a satire of the Christians' hypocrisy and their false standards of friendship and love, their cunning ways of pursuing worldliness and their unreasoning prejudice against Jews (Shylock).

3. A man of contemplation rather than action; has the qualities of a ―blood-and-thunder‖ thriller and a philosophical exploration of life and death

Francis Bacon

弗蘭西斯.培根

自考英语本科《英美文学选读》英国文艺复兴时期一天全掌握

a well known philosopher scientist and essayist; lays the foundation of modern science; his "Essays" is an important landmark in the development of English prose

brevity\compactness\powerfulness

Of Studies

论学习

It analyzes what studies chiefly serve for, the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies, and how studies exert influence over human character

John Donne

約翰.鄧恩

John Milton

約翰.彌爾頓

the leading figure(代表人物) of the "metaphysical school(玄学派); his poems can be divided into two groups: the secular and the religious; sermons; The songs and Sonnets

a seemingly unfocused diversity of experiences and attitudes and a free range of feelings and moods; dynamic rather than static

A versatile writer; fight for freedom in all aspects as a Christian humanist

The Sun Rising

太阳升起

Death, Be Not Proud

死神，莫骄横（Holy Sonnets）

Paradise Lost

失樂園

1. dramatizing and illustrating the state of being in love

2. a bold challenge to the proud Death

Satan, after being defeated in his rebel against God, tempts Adam and Eve to eat the apples from the Forbidden Tree, and causes the Fall of Man

时间界定

English Romanticism is generally said to have begun in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge's Lyrical Ballads and to have ended in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott's death and the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament.

自考英语本科《英美文学选读》英国文艺复兴时期一天全掌握

浪漫主义时期英国―湖畔派‖

英国文学中最早出现的浪漫主义作家，是华兹华斯（1770－1850）、柯勒律治（1772－1834）和骚塞（1774－1843）。他们曾定居于英国西北部的湖区故得名―湖畔派‖。

华兹华斯/Wordworth 为他和柯勒律治共同创作的《抒情歌谣集》/Lyrical Ballads 所作的序言，被认为是英国浪漫主义文学的宣言。

华兹华斯/Wordworth 十分热爱并善于描写大自然，被誉为―自然的诗人‖，代表作是《序曲》，柯勒律治/Coleridge 的代表作是长诗《古舟子咏》。

subjects and the faculties本质 of the Romanticism.

The subjects are: love, nature, nationalism, individualism,

The faculties they cherished are: imagination, spontaneity自发性,

浪漫主义的本质特征是主观性与抒情性。浪漫主义者崇尚大自然，歌颂自然之美。浪漫主义者重视民间文学，艺术上喜用夸张手法，追求强烈的美丑对比和出奇制胜的艺术效果。

.

浪漫主义文学家认为诗歌是医治社会顽疾的良药，同时可以净化人的心灵。 浪漫主义者还体现了强烈的民族精神。

哥特小说也是浪漫主义的一部分，它盛行于英国18世纪末浪漫主义前期。

布莱克 William Blake

诗人与雕刻家，曾被人认为天才和疯子 From childhood, Blake had a strongly visual mind; whatever he imagined, he also saw.

declare that \"I know that This World is a World of IMAGINATION & Vision,\"and that \"The Nature of my work is visionary or imaginative\".

他认为人世凡尘是一个充满想象与幻想的世界，他的作品也如人世凡尘一样充满了想象与幻觉。

主要作品：《天真之歌》《经验之歌》《天堂与地狱联姻》《老虎》《先知书》

Poetical Sketches is his first printed work, which is a collection of youthful verse.

Marriage of Heaven and Hell 天堂与地狱联姻

Blake\'s Marriage of Heaven and Hell marks his entry into maturity. In this poem, Blake explores the relationship of the contraries.

自考英语本科《英美文学选读》英国文艺复兴时期一天全掌握

写作特色：Blake writes his poems in plain and direct language语言直白朴素美丽以及深远的意义。 He distructs the abstractness他不喜欢抽象的词汇 and tends embody his vis also a distinctive feature of his poetry. 大范围的使用象征也是他作品的鲜明征.plain,direct,lyric.beauty,symbolism

选读作品：

The songs of Innocence: 天真之歌 It is a lovely volume of poems, presenting a happy and innocent world. though not without its evils and suffering.

表述了宗教只是一种安慰，一种想象中的极乐世界的社会环境。

The songs of Experience 经验之歌

It paints a different world, a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy/doleful: 悲哀的tone. Childhood is central to Blake\'s concern in the Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience, and this concern gives the two books a strong social and historical reference.

揭示出宗教的本来面目，即为儿童带来灾难痛苦。

indicates the conditions of the exploitation被剥削的 of child labour,which make religion a consolation起安慰作用的, reveals the true nature of religion which helps bring misery to the poor children.

the tyger 老虎（历年考题长考这首）

suggests fear,represents energy,symbolizes the French Revolution in 1789;\'the forest of the night\' symbolizes the world of experience;\'fearful symmetry\'suggests the harmony of the two opposite aspects of God\'s creation.

第四节诗人把老虎的创造过程同铁匠造物结合起来，进一步加强感叹的效果。

第五节中诗人暗示：创造和平纯洁的也可以制造出恐怖的力量，制造出暴力以及可怕的东西。

Read the quoted part and answer the questions:

1. \"A little black thing among the snow

Crying \"‘weep! ‘weep! In notes of woe

\"where are thy father & mother? Say? \"

\"They are both gone up to the church to prey.\"

(1)Identify the poem and poet.

(2)Explain \"notes of woe\".

(3)What does the sentence mean \"they ate both gone up to the

church to prey.\"

自考英语本科《英美文学选读》英国文艺复兴时期一天全掌握

Answer:

(1)It is from \"The Chimney Sweeper (from songs of

experience) by Blake.(P172)

(2)\"notes of woe\" means the songs/notes of sadness.

(3)It implies: religion is the instrument of their repression/

oppression, its nature is to help bring misery to the poor

children.(P169)

2 \"Then naked & white, all their bags left behind,

They rise upon clouds, and sport in the wind,

And the angle told Tom, if he‘d be a good bye,

He‘d have God for his father, and never want joy.\"

(1)Identify the poem and its poet;

(2)What does the poem implies?

Answer:

(1) The poem is take from \"The Chimney Sweeper (from Songs of

Innocence)\", which was written by William Blake.(p171)

(2) This is a lovely poem presenting a happy and innocent

world, though the wretched child are exploited and orphaned,

they had nice dream for life and the world, which implies

religion make people obedient to exploitation, and from

religion, they can get consolation and an \"illusory

happiness\".(p168)

William Wordsworth

华兹华斯Wordsworth、柯勒律治Coleridge、和骚塞Southey他们曾定居于英国西北部的湖区故得名―湖畔派‖Lake Poets。

Wordsworth is regarded as a "worshipper of nature". 华被称为大自然的膜拜者。

1842年政府为他发了津贴goverment pension，次年他压倒骚塞成为了 桂冠诗人‘Poet Laureate。 主要作品：

代表作《序曲》The Prelude

Lyrical Ballads《抒情歌谣集》

An Evening Walk 《黄昏散步》

To a Highland Girl 《致高地姑娘》

The Solitary Reaper《孤独的割麦女》

The Ruined Cottage《被摧毁的房屋》

自考英语本科《英美文学选读》英国文艺复兴时期一天全掌握

The Old Cumberland Beggfar《老坎柏兰的乞丐》

I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud《我如行云独自游》

主题与风格：

Wordsworth's short poems can be classified into two groups: poems about nature and poems about human life.按主题，华的短诗分为关于自然和生活。 Wordsworth thinks that common life is the only subject of literary interest. The joys and sorrows of the common people are his theme. 华认为普通人的生活应该是文学的主题，他的作品大多描述普通百姓的喜怒哀乐。

Beyond the pleasure of the picturesque独特的 with the eye and the external aspects of nature, however, lies in deeper moral awareness, a sense of completeness完全 in multiplicity多样性. (it means poem not only deals with the beautiful world, but express moral)

Wordsworth is a poet in memory of the past .华是个怀旧的诗人。 To him, life is a cyclical journey. 生命是循环的旅程。Its beginning finally turns out to be its end. 生命之始也恰恰是终结之处。His philosophy of life is presented in his masterpiece The Prelude.他的这种人生哲学体现在他的代表作《序曲》中。

Wordsworth's deliberate simplicity and refusal to decorate the truth of experience produced a kind of pure and profound poetry which no other poet has ever equaled.

华对简洁朴素风格的追求，对粉饰真实的厌恶使他的诗歌具有别人无法企及的纯净与深远之美。

He thought poet is "a man speaking to men," poetry is "the spontaneous自发的overflow洋溢 of powerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected in tranquility宁静."

He always writes an elusive 难捉摸的beauty of simplicity朴素 or a rural乡村风味的 figure.

他的贡献和影响： 自然的. The most important contribution he has made is that he has not onpoetry by using ordinary speech of the language and by advocating a return to nature.开启了现代诗歌，开创了运用百姓生活语言写诗的新道路，并号召人们回归自然。

选读作品： 历年第二、三是重点I

Wandered Lonely as a Cloud《我如行云独自游》又名The Daffodils黄水仙

is perhaps the most preeminence卓越的 poem in English literature, and one that takes us to the core核心 of Wordsworth's poetic beliefs.

自考英语本科《英美文学选读》英国文艺复兴时期一天全掌握

2Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3,1802《作于西敏寺桥上》 在作者去法国的路上创作的。突然意识到伦敦也是自然的一部分。主要是对论坛清晨美景的描述和歌颂。

A vivid picture of a beautiful morning in London,Italian sonnet.

the rhyme scheme of the poem is abbaabba,cdcdcd.

3She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways《她居住在人迹罕至的地方》

‘露西’诗中的一首。描述了一位乡村姑娘远离尘嚣，在偏远之地的幸福生活。抒发了作者对时间与死亡的沉思。

4The Solitary Reaper《孤独的割麦女》

鉴于作者丰富的想象力和联想力，这一普通的事情变成令人感叹的事件。作者成功地使读者与之产生共鸣。同时诗歌体现了作者对自然的激情。

应用：Wordsworth and his ―I wandered lonely as a cloud‖ The poem is crystal clear and lucid. Below the immediate surface, we find that all the realistic details of the flowers, the trees, the waves, the wind, and all the realistic details of the active joy, are absorbed into an over-all concrete metaphor, the recurrent image of the dance. The flowers, the stars, the waves are units in this dancing pattern of order in diversity, of linked eternal harmony and vitality. Through the revelation and recognition of his kinship with nature, the poet himself becomes as it were a part of the whole cosmic dance.

塞缪尔·泰勒·克勒律治Samuel Taylor Coleridge

第一流的抒情诗人与文学评论家。19世纪浪漫主义文学与哲学的代表。

1798年他和华合作出版的《抒情歌谣集》Lyrical Ballads成为英诗的一个里程碑。

在哲学与文学批评方面，他反对18世纪局限的理性主义思维limitedly rationalistic。 他倡导了以坎特与斯凯灵理论的对人类精神与宗教化的诠释。

他认为艺术是唯一能永远揭示现实的形式。

他高度赞赏华的纯净的语言，深邃的思想，真实的描述，非凡的想象力。但是否定华说的 诗歌语言与普通百姓的生活语言没什么两样‘。

在诗歌方面的成就： Coleridge's actual achievement as poet can be divided into two remarkably diverse groups: the demonic【di:5mCnik】神袛诗 and the conversational对话诗.

一、The demonic group includes his three masterpieces: "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner"古航海家之歌, "Christabel "克丽丝特贝尔 and "Kubla Khan"忽必烈汗.

Mysticism and demonism with strong imagination are the distinctive features of this group.

二、he conversational group speaks more directly of an allied theme: the desire to go home, not to the past, but to what Hart Crane beautifully called "an improved infancy. Among the conversational group, "Frost at Midnight"子夜寒霜 is the most important.

自考英语本科《英美文学选读》英国文艺复兴时期一天全掌握

选读作品：鸦片images of the river, of the magnificent palace and other two or three hundred lines. But when he was writing them down, 拜伦 Geroge Gordon Byron

he was regarded in Enland as the perverted反常的 man, the satanic 邪恶的poet; while on the Continet, he was hailed as the champion of liberty自由冠军, poet of the people人民诗圣 . 早期出名作是长篇叙事诗《恰尔德·罗哈德游记》第一二章。

the first two cantos of Childe Harold\'s Pilgrimage代表作是19世纪著名的讽刺史诗《唐璜》。 Don Juan is Byron\'s masterpiece, a great comic epic of the early 19th century.

It is a poem based on a traditional Spanish legend of a great lover and seducer of women.西班牙传说，一个多情的公子是个引诱女人的好手。

作者在拜伦身上开发出了勇敢、慷慨、直白、诚恳等特点。

作者目的在于通过唐璜的游历来展现不同的社会情形。

特色：abundance of ideas,images,artiatic forms and innovations.

丰富的思想，想象力，艺术形式和创新。

[bgcolor=#e0ffff]Byron\'s satire on the English society in the later part of the peom Don Juan can be compared with Pope\'s ; and his satire is much less personal than that of Pope\'s, for Byron is here attacking not a personal enemy but the whole hypocritical society.

在诗《唐璜》的结尾对英国社会的讽刺与蒲柏相媲美，有过之而无不及，因为拜伦讽刺的不是个人恩怨，而是整个社会的虚伪。

写作特点：Byron\'s poetry, though much criticized by some critics on moral grounds, was immensely popular at home, and also abroad, where it exerted great fluence on the Romantic movement. This popularity it owed to the author\'s persistent attacks on \"cant political, religious, and moral\", to the novelty of his oriental scenery, to the romantic character of the Byronic hero, and to the easy, fluent, and naturl beauty of his verse. Byron\'s diction, though unequal and frequently faulty, has on the whole a freedom, copiousness and vigor. His discriptions are simple and fresh, and often bring vivid objects before the reader. Byron\'s poetry is like the oratory which hurries the hearers without applause. The glowing imagination of the poet rises and sinks with the tones of his enthusiasm, roughing into argument, or softening into the melody feeling and sentiments. Byron employed the Ottva Rima (Octave

自考英语本科《英美文学选读》英国文艺复兴时期一天全掌握

Stanze) from Italian mock-heroic poetry. 诗人不懈地抨击虚伪的政治，宗教以及道德。他笔下美轮美奂的东方奇景，他塑造的英雄形象，他诗中的平易近人、优雅流畅的语句。引用了意大利英雄体史诗的八行诗体。

拜伦式英雄Byron‘s greatest contribution\"Byronic hero\"

As a leading Romanticist, Byron\'s chief contribution is his creation of the \"Byronic hero,\" a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble orgin. 高傲神秘反叛带有贵族血统With immense superiority in his passions and powers以自己超凡的情感与能力, this Byronic hero would carry on his shoulders the burden of righting all the wrongs in a corrupt society, and would rise single-handedly against any kind of tyrannical 残暴的rules either in government, in religion, or in moral principles with unconquerable wills and inexhaustibloe energies. The conflict is usually one of rebelious individuals agaisnt outworn 腐化过时的social systems and conventions规定.

主要作品：闲散时光，东方叙事诗，该隐，青铜时代。。

选读作品：

卢德工人之歌Song for the Luddites

反映现实阶级斗争的诗作，卢德是这个运动的领袖，因而称为卢德运动。表达了诗人无比愤怒的激情。

希腊岛The Isles of Greece (from Don Juan, III)

全诗16个诗节，粉三层意思。前4节说明希腊光辉灿烂的过去。中间4节讲述现在遭受侵略而又懦弱无能的希腊，后8节唤醒希腊人民起来反抗侵略。

第一首的注解一，第二首的1、5、16节多看看。

练习题：

一、

Byron‘s greatest contribution is his creation of the \"Byronic hero\" What kind of the hero he is? Give comment on him.

Answer:

(1) \"Don Juan\" is Byron‘s masterpiece, a great comic epic, in which Byron described a hero named Don Juan. He was a great lover and seducer of women. In the conventional sense,al positives like courage, generosity, and frankness…

In a word, Don was proud Juan was immoral, but Juan had his own mor, mysterious, and a noble rebel figure. He was a young man with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies, one of rebellious individuals against outworn/outdated social systems and conventions.

(2) Comment: The poet‘s true intention is to present a panoramic view of different types of society,the main theme of the works the basic ironic theme of appearance andreality,during which the poet also presented various materials and the clash of emotions. (P194-196)

二。

自考英语本科《英美文学选读》英国文艺复兴时期一天全掌握

\"Place me on Sunium‘s marbles steep,

Where nothing, save the waves and I,

May her our mutual murmurs sweep;

There, swan like, let me sing and die:

A land of slaves shall ne‘er be mine---

Dash down you cup of Samian wine!\"

(1)Identify the poem and its author. (P203)

(2)Explain \"swan like, let me sing and die\" (P199)

Interpret the passage and spot its implication.

Answer:

(1)The poet is Byron. The poem is taken from \"The Isles of Greece (from Don Juan)\" (P203)

(2)Swan is famous for its faith to its lover, one of them die, the other will refuse to eat and drink, it will cry till death. Here the author used a simile to show his strong desire to fight with the invaders till death, and appeal to the suppressed Greek people to struggle for their freedom and liberation.

三、

\"The isles of Greece, the isles of Greece!

Where burning Sappho loved and sung,

Where grew the arts of war and peace,

Where Delos rose, and Phoebus sprung!

Eternal summer gilds them all,

But all, except their sun, is set.\"

(1)Identify the poem and its author;

(2)What does it mean \"But all, except their sun, is set.\"

(3)What does the passage imply?

Answer:

(1)The poet is Byron. The poem is taken from \"The Isles of Greece (from Don Juan)\" (P199)

(2)The sentence means: The sun is still on the rise, but the rest things all set.

(3)The passage implied: The author lamented over the fallen

Greece:

In the past, Greece nurtured/ cultivated great poets and heroes,who enjoyed freedom and civilization, but now Greece had been enslaved,the past honorable history couldn‘t be found again.

约翰·济慈John Keats

Endymion, published in 1818, was a poem based on the Greek myth of Endymion and the moon goddess.《安迪米恩》，该诗以希腊神话为素材，记述了牧人安迪米恩和月光女神的故事。

The volume also contains his four great odes: "Ode on Melancholy", "Ode on a Grecian Urn". "Ode to a Nightingale",

自考英语本科《英美文学选读》英国文艺复兴时期一天全掌握

"Ode to Psyche"; his lyric masterpiece "To Autumn" and the unfinished poem "Hyperion".这部诗集包括他著名的四首 颂‘， 犹豫颂‘，希腊古瓮颂 ，‘夜莺颂 ，‘普塞克颂 以及他抒情诗的代表作‘秋日颂 和未完成的诗作‘希波里恩 。

The odes are generally regarded as Keat's most important and mature works. 颂诗被认为是Keats最重要也是最成熟的作品。

"Ode to a Nightingale" expresses the contrast between the happy world of natural loveliness and human world of agony. 夜莺颂展示了自然界之美与人世之痛苦强烈的反差。

"Ode on an Grecian Urn" shows the contrast between the permanence of art and the transience of human passion.希腊古瓮颂展示了永恒的艺术与短暂的人类热情之间的对比。

写作特色：

Sight, sound, scent, taste and feeling are all taken in to give an entire understanding of an experience.将视，听，嗅，味，触等感觉转化成绝美的文字，带来一个通透的体验。

He draws diction, style and imagery from works of Shakespeare, Milton and Dante. With vivid and rich images, he paints poetic pictures full of wonderful color.他在措辞，风格个比喻上都参考了莎士比亚，米尔顿和但丁的作品。 Keat's poetry, characterized by exact and closely knit construction, sensual descriptions, and by force of imagination, gives transcendental values to the physical beauty of the world. Keats的诗以精确紧凑的造句，有感描写为特色，通过想象，营造了超出人类经验值的自然之美。

sensuous给人美感的，colorful and rich in imagery,exact and closely knit construction,sensual description感官描写.

选读作品：

Ode on a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂

show the contrast between the permanence of art and the transience of human passion. 希腊古瓮颂展示了永恒的艺术与短暂的人类热情之间的对比。

第二和第五小节常考。以下是练习题：

"Thou still unravish‘d bride of quietness,

Thou foster-child of silence and slow time,

Sylvan historian, who canst thus express

A flowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme:"

(1)Who is the poet? The name?

(2)Explain the sentence.

(3)What was the theme of the poem?

Answer:

(1)This is the "ode on a Grecian Um", which was written by the poet---John Keats. (P219)

(2)The sentence means: though time has passed, the urn , the works of the art still remains, and it tells a

pastoral/lyrical tale to us, and the description of the urn is much more beautiful than the words of any human. (P218)

(3)The theme is: Human life is transient, but the art isimmortal. (P218)

自考英语本科《英美文学选读》英国文艺复兴时期一天全掌握

Answer: acuteness of his senses) (3)The ancient Greek and English poetry provides the most important imaginative resource. beauty of the world. (P218-219)

简·奥斯丁Jane Austen

英国最出色的小说家之一。

Jane Austen wrote altogether six complete novels。一生写了6部小说。 Her first novel, Sense and Sensibility (1811),处女作《理智与情感》 tells a story about two sisters and their love affairs讲述了一堆姐妹的恋爱经历; Pride and Prejudice (1813), the most popular of her novels, deals with the five Bennet sisters and their search for suitable husbands傲慢与偏见是她最著名的作品，讲述了贝内特一家五姐妹寻找如意郎君的过程; and Northanger Abbey 《诺觉寺》(1818) satirizes those popular Gothic romances of the late 18th century讽刺了18世纪流行的哥特式骑士抒情诗。

Mansfield Park (1814) presents the antithesis of worldliness and unworldliness《曼斯菲尔德花园》表现了世俗与非世俗的并存; Emma (1815) gives the

thought over self-deceptive vanity《爱玛》对自欺欺人的虚荣心给予了反思; and Persuasion (1818) contrasts the true love with the prudential calculations《劝告》将真挚爱情与精打细算做了比较.

She holds the ideals of the landlord class in politics, religion and moral principles; and her works show clearly her firm belief in the predominance of reason over passion, the sense of responsibility, good manners and clear-sighted

judgement over the Romantic tendencies of emotion and individuality.她主张地主阶级应在政治及社会生活中占主导地位，而她的作品也表现了她强调的理智高于情感，责任心、礼节、公正高于浪漫与个人主义的观点。

And in style, she is a neoclassicism advocator, upholding those traditional ideas of order, reason, proportion and gracefulness in novel writing.在写作风格上，她提倡新古典主义，坚持理性，秩序，典雅的规则。

重点：main literary concern is about human beings in their personal

典型的主旨是成熟，是在错误的幻想打破后获得的。 delightful and profound

选读作品：傲慢与偏见Pride and Prejudice 原名叫第一印象First Impressions

wave vivid pictures of everyday life of simple country society

前几段和介绍是重点

自考英语本科《英美文学选读》英国文艺复兴时期一天全掌握

Jane Austen was the only important female author in the 18-19th century, how do you know about her?

Answer:

Generally speaking, Austen was writer of the 18th century.

(1)Her novels always dealt with the romantic entanglement of the heroines;

(2)She believed in it that reason over passion, sense of responsibility, good manners, and clear judgment over romance; she honored the Augustan virtues of moderation, dignity disciplined emotion and common sense;

(3)She contempt snobbery, stupidity, worldliness etc;

(4)Her main concern was the relationship between men and women in love;

(5)Her writing range was limited, all restricted to the provincial life of the 18th century England;

(6)She presented the quiet, day-to-day country life of the middle -upper -class English.

(7)Her characteristic theme was: maturity is got by the loss of illusions.

(P223--226)

Chapter 3 The Romantic Period

I. Choose the right answer:

1. The Romantic Movement expressed a more or less______

attitude toward the existing social and political conditions.

A.positive

B.negative

C.neutral

D.indifferent

Answer: B (P160)

2. It is _____who established the cult of the individual

and championed the freedom of the human spirit.

A.Jean Jacques Rousseau

B.Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

C.Edmund Burke

D.Thomas Paine

Answer: A (P157)

3. The two major novelists of the English Romantic Period

are _____and Walter Scott.

A.Washington Irving

B.Jane Austen

C.Herman Melville

D.Charles Dickens

自考英语本科《英美文学选读》英国文艺复兴时期一天全掌握

4. _____defines the poet as "man speaking to men,"

and poetry as "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings,

which originates in emotion recollected in tranquility."

A.William Blake

B.William Wordsworth

C.Samuel Taylor Coleridge

D.John Keats

Answer: B (P161)

5. For the Romantics, ____is not only the major source of

poetic imagery, but also provides the dominant subject matter.

A.love

B.man

C.nature

D.death

Answer: C (P162)

6. In the Romantic period, ____is the most prosperous literary

form.

A.prose

B.poetry

C.fiction

D.play

Answer: B (P161)

7. The tone of literature in "Song of Experience" by William

Blake is _______.

A.doleful

B.lively

C.plain

D.utter

Answer: A (doleful: 悲哀的P168-169)

8. _____is regarded as a "worship of nature".

A.John Keats

B.William Blake

C.William Wordsworth

D.Jane Austen

自考英语本科《英美文学选读》英国文艺复兴时期一天全掌握

9. Which of the following writings is not created by William

Wordsworth?

A.I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud.

http://www.77cn.com.cnposed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802.

C.The Solitary Reaper.

D.The Chimney Sweeper.

Answer: D (P179---182)

10. Wordsworth‘s short poems can be classified into two groups:

poems about nature and poems about________.

A.love

B.human life

C.freedom

D.social activities

Answer: B (P176)

11. "Don Juan" is Byron‘s masterpiece, a great ______of the

early 19th century.

http://www.77cn.com.cnedy

B.tragedy

http://www.77cn.com.cnic epic

D.novel

Answer: C (P194)

12. In his lyrics such as "Ode to Liberty", "Ode to Naples",

Percy Bysshe Shelly expressed his love for_____ and his hatred

toward tyranny.

A.the middle class

B.the poor

C.freedom

D.the proletariat

Answer: C (P207)

13. "Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere; / Destroy and

Preserver; hear, O hear!" The two lines are found in_____.

A.Young Goodman Brown by Hawthorne

B.Ode to the West Wind by Shelly

C.Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman

自考英语本科《英美文学选读》英国文艺复兴时期一天全掌握

D.Ulysses by Joyce

Answer: B (P212)

14. In Shelly‘s "To a Skylark", the bird, suspended between

reality and poetic image, pours forth an exultant song

which suggests to the poet________.

A.both celestial rapture and human limitation

B.both image creation and profound meaning

C.both music and words

D.both inspiration and skills of writing

Answer: A (P206)

15. The author of "Ode on a Grecian Urn" is __________.

A.Wordsworth

B.Austen

C.Byron

D.Keats

Answer: D (217)

16. Jane Austen‘s first novel is __________.

A.Pride and Prejudice

B.Sense and Sensibility

C.Emma

D.Plan of a Novel

Answer: B (P222)

17. In terms of Pride and Prejudice, which is not true?

A.Pride and Prejudice is the most popular of Jane Austen‘s

novels.

B.Pride and Prejudice is originally drafted as "First

Impressions".

C.Pride and Prejudice is a tragic novel.

D.In this novel, the author explores the relationship between

great love and realistic benefits.

Answer: C (P223-225)

18. After reading the first chapter of Pride and Prejudice,

we may come to know that Mrs.Bennet is a woman of_______.

A.simple character and poor understanding

B.simple character and quick wit

C.intricate character and quick wit

自考英语本科《英美文学选读》英国文艺复兴时期一天全掌握

D.intricate character and poor understanding

Answer: A (P227)

19. Romanticism is a period of British literature roughly dated

from _________.

A.1660-----1798

B.1798----1832

C.1483-----1546

D.1836-----1901

Answer: B (P157)

20. Which of the following is the Gothic novel?

A.Shelly‘s Prometheus Unbound

B.Keats‘ Lamia

C.Mary Shelly‘s Frankenstein

D.Jane Austen‘s Pride and Prejudice

Answer: C (P166)

21.The lines "It was a miracle of rare device,

/ A sunny pleasure dome with caves of ice" are found

in__________.

A.Samuel Taylor Coleridge‘s "Kubla Khan"

B.William Wordsworth‘s Lines Written in Early Spring"

C.John Keats‘s "Ode to Autumn"

D.Percy Bysshe Shelly‘s "Ode to the West Wind"

Answer: A (P190---191)

22. Which of the following is taken from John Keats‘ "Ode on a

Grecial Urn"?

A."I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!"

B."They are both gone up to the church to pray.‘

C."Earth has not anything to show more fair."

D."Beauty is truth, truth beauty".

Answer: D (P221)

The Victorian Period维多利亚

1.age:1836~1901，later 70 years in 19th century维多利亚女王统治英国时期，英国历史上最繁荣的时代之一

2.background:

自考英语本科《英美文学选读》英国文艺复兴时期一天全掌握

(1)early years:rapid economic development as well as serious social problems

(2)the next twenty years:prosperity and relative stability繁荣且相对稳定

(3)the last three deacades:the decline of the British empire and the decay of the Victorian values

3.idea:（往往出题会在这里例如：Ideologically意识形态上, what influenced Victorian literature? What characters does it have?）

(1)Darwin’s theory “the survival of the fittest适者生存” shook the theoretical basis of the traditional faith, many authors expressed their doubts and uncertainty in their works;

(2)Utilitarianism实用主义 was widely accepted and practiced

(3)sociallymany conscious authors severely极力 criticized the Utilitarianism, especially its devalue贬低 of culture and its cold indifference漠然 to human feeling and imagination;

(4)literature:magnitude大量 and diversity多样,romantically and realistically

4.critical realist writers:

Realism novels criticized the society and defended for the mass, and they concerned about the fate of the common people such as their poverty misery, angry with the inhuman social institution, the social immorality, injustice and money-worship.

Victorian literature represents the reality of the age. The high-spirit vitality, the down-to-earth earnestness, the good-natured humour and unbound imagination are unprecedented.

道德和常理这些被浪漫主义时代遗弃多年的主题，又回到了文学主流中来。

唯美主义者奥斯卡，王尔德与沃尔特·培特都极力推崇‘为了艺术而艺术’的观点。

这个时期的诗歌具有风格标新，表达立异的特点。

这一时期的文学，真实地反映了时代的现实与精神，其中体现出的高度的活力，脚踏实地的精神，善意的幽默与无牵绊的丰富联想都是空前的。

Analyze the background of the Victorian Period.

Economic developed rapidly and social problems prevailed in England and it became the ―workshop of the world‖.

England settled down to a time of prosperity and stability, the people valued earnestness, respectability, modesty, and democracy.

In the last decades, British empire declined, and Victorian values decayed.

狄更斯Charles Dickens

one of the greatest critical realist writers 伟大的批判现实主义作家

character-protrayal描写is the most distinguishing feature 特点of his works a mingling混合of humor and pathos悲伤，惆怅

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