词汇学第一、二章课后习题及答案

2012级（1）班

Chaper1 The Basic Concepts Of Words and Vocabulary

of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.

1. ______is the most important of all characteristics of the basic word stock. Stability national character

2. Nonbasic vocabulary includes all of the following except_______ .

words

3. According to the origins of the words, English words can be classified into _______ .

words and functional words words and borrowed words

words and dialectal words words and dialectal words

4. Borrowings can be pided into________.

, semantic loans, translationloans, denizens

words, notional words, form words, content words

, portmanteau words, acronyms, initializes

, compounds, converted words and clipped words

5. Apart from the characteristics of basic vocabulary, native words have two other features, namely_________.

and stability in style and high frequency in use

and polysemy and arbitrariness

6．The word beaver(meaning“girl”)is_______ .

dialectal word archaism

7. AIDS as a nonbasic word is_______ .

archaism

words include the following word classes except_______ .

9. Vocabulary can refer to the following except_______ .

total number of the words in alanguage

the words used in a particular historical period

the words of a given dialect

words a person knows

is a loan word from_______ .

11. _______ form the mainstream of the basic word stock.

words B. Frenchwords words words

humor is_______ .

translation loan semantic loan denizen alien

and numerals are semantically_______ and have limited_______ .

;use and stability ;collocability and stability

;use and productivity ;productivity andcollectability

is_______ .

archaism

,words fall into functional words and content words.

frequency formation

16. The symbolic connection between sound and meaning is almost always_______ .

17. _______ are loan words that have become assimilated in English.

A.Denizens loans loans

, which means “police”,is a(n) _______ word.

19. Wherein which means “in what”is a(n)word. _______

difference between sound and form due to all the following except _______. phonemes than letters

B. stabilization of spelling by printing

of spelling by early scribes

of pronunciation

the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book

1. Lexicology is a branch of linguisticsstudying the origins and_______ of words .

2. A word is a minimal free form of language that has a given sound, meaning and_______ function.

3. In spite of the differences between sound and form,at least_______ percent of the English words fit consistent spelling patterns

the words in language make up its_______ .

word stock is the foundations of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries and form the common core of the language.

,begin is a native word.

7. _______ vocabulary include cant,jargon and argot.

8. There is no_______ relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself.

9. _______ are the basic units of sentences.

10. Early borrowings are mostly_______ whereas later loan words remain foreign in sound and spelling.

whether the following statements are true or false

( ) word can be defined in different ways from different points of view.

( ) no circumstances can sound and meaning be intrinsically related.

( ) introduction of printing press resulted in a lot more differences between sound and form.

( ) words a person can use in speaking and writing form his active vocabulary. ( ) principles by which to classify words are usage, notion and origin.

( ) words are more popular than foreign words.

( ) words enjoy the same features as the basic word stock and more.

( )(meaning “old”)is an instance of archaism.

( ) a loan word known as an alien.

( ) time no see is a case of translation loan.

a term for each of the following definitions.

1.Sub-standard words often used on informal occasions.( )

2.Specialized vocabulary common in certain professions.( )

3.Words used by sub-culturegroups, particularly by understood society.( )

4.Words that have clear notions.( )

5.Words of Anglo-Saxon origin.( )

6.Words borrowed by way of translation. ( )

7.Old words with new meanings.( )

8.Words which have become assimilated.( )

9.Native forms whose meanings are borrowed.( )

10.Words essential to native speakers’ daily communication.( )

the following questions .Your answers should be clear and short.

1.What is the relationship between sound and meaning

2.Why are there so many differences between sound and form

3.What are the criteria for classification of words

4.What are the characteristics of the basic word and word stock

[Answers]

(eighty) 10assimilated

2. F

words words loans loan word stock

V.

1.The relationship is almost always arbitrary and conventional ana there is no

logical connection between sound and meaning.

2.There are four major reasons.(1)The internal reason:the English alphabet was

adopted from the Romans,which have more phonemes than letters,so there is not

a separate letter to represent each sound.(2)Pronunciation has changed more

rapidly than spelling.(3)The spelling forms were changed by the early scribes to make theeir writing more recognizable.(4)Borrowing.

3.There are mainly there criteria for may fall into:the basic word stock and

nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency;content words and functional words by notion;native words and borrowed words by prigin.

4.The basic word stock has five charecteristic:(1)all national

character,(2)stability,(3)productivi-

ty,(4)polysemy,(5)productivity.

Chapter2 The Development Of the English Vocabulary

of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.

1.It is assumed that the world has 3000 languages, which can be grouped into

roughly_______ language families on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.

2. The following languages all belong to the Eastern set except_______ .

3. In the Eastern set,Armenian and_______ are the sole modern languages in the two respective families.

language does not belong to the Italic

.

early inhabitants of the British Isles spoke_______ .

Germanic speakers took permanent control of the land that was later called_______ (the land of Angles).

English has a vocabulary of about 50000 to 60000 words,which is entirely Germanic with only a few borrowings from_______ and Scandinavian.

influx of French words into English did not occur until after_______ .

the Middle English period,the three main dialects of the land were Northern, _______ and Midland.

10. _______ is the chief ancestor of Modern English,not Southern.

Norman Conquest started a continual flow of_______ words into English.

is an_______ dialect,as its name implies, and intelligible to Northerner and Southerners alike.

number of_______ words that poured into English was unbelievably great and covered every realm of culture and society in the Middle English period.

English regained social status in Middle English period,those imposer spoke French;those who were literate read and wrote _______ ;those who could educate their children taught them in _______ ;and any young man who sought to earn his living as a scribe learned_______ or_______ .

;French;Latin;French ;French;French;English

;French;Latin;French ;French;Greek;French

the early period of modern English,Europe saw a new upsurge in learning ancient Greek and Roman classic,which is known in history as the_______ .

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