U7听力教程第三版施心远学生用书

Unit 7

Section One Tactics for Listening

Part 1 Phonetics

Stress, Intonation and Accent

Script

Listen to Joanna. When does s he mean “Not at all” When does she mean “Only in special cases” Tick the right box.

1. Who Mary She doesn’t go out with anyone, you know.

2. No. Well, if you ask me, she doesn’t like anybody.

3. Oh, a meal. Yes, that’d be nice. But where I don’t want to eat anywhere.

4. Do you think so Mm —of course, she doesn’t approve of anyone.

5. Yes. But what do you suggest She won’t enjoy an ything, will she

6. No, I asked her. I think she doesn’t want to go anywhere.

7. I know. It’s odd, isn’t it Never mind. We don’t have to go out with anyone.

8. In fact, let’s not go out with anyone.

Key

1. (That means she will go out only with someone special.)

2. (That means she doesn’t like anybody, no matter who he or she is.)

3. (That means she would only eat at some special restaurants.)

4. (That m eans she doesn’t approve of anyone, no matter who he or she is.)

5. (That means she has special tastes.)

6. (That means she just wants to stay at home.)

7. (That means we can go out with particular ones.)

8. (That means they will go out on their own.)

Part 2 Listening and Note-Taking

Mountain Rescue Service

Script

A. Listen to some sentences and fill in the blanks with the missing words.

1. The first thing that happens is that the person who reports the

accident is closely questioned.

2. They will also need to know how many people were involved in the

accident and what kind of injuries there were.

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3. The third party on the mountain is the back-up group.

4. Their job is to help the main party on its return journey.

5. The base is set up near a telephone so that extra help can be contacted

without delay.

B. Listen to a talk about mountain rescue service. Take notes and complete

the following outline.

When an accident is reported to the Mountain Rescue Service, the first thing that happens is that the person who reports the accident is closely questioned.

The rescue group needs to find out a number of details. First, they need to know exactly where the accident happened, with a map reference if possible.

Then they will want to know the time of the accident. They will also need to know how many people were involved in the accident and what kind of injuries there were. Finally, they will ask for other useful details, such as the colour of the victim’s clothing and the weather conditions.

Then the rescue team’s c all-out procedure begins. Team members keep their personal equipment at home so as to be ready to set off within fifteen minutes of receiving the call. The advance party of about four people sets off right away. They carry a radiotelephone with them to send details to the main party and to the base. They are also equipped and trained to give immediate medical assistance.

The main party follows the advance party. They carry a radiotelephone and more supplies, including a stretcher for the victim. The third party on the mountain is the back-up group. Their job is to help the main party on its return journey.

Rescue control is set up in a mobile base. This vehi cle carries the team’s supplies other than personal equipment. It is equipped with radiotelephone and the means of providing hot food and drinks. The base is set up near a telephone so that extra help, for example ambulance, doctor, helicopter or reserves, can be contacted without delay.

Key

A. 1. The first thing that happens is that the person who reports the

accident is closely questioned.

2. They will also need to know how many people were involved in the

accident and what kind of injuries there were.

3. The third party on the mountain is the back-up group.

4. Their job is to help the main party on its return journey.

5. The base is set up near a telephone so that extra help can be contacted without delay.

B. Mountain Rescue Service

I. The rescue group needs to find out a number of details.

A. The place where the accident happened.

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B. The time of the accident.

C. Details about the victim.

II. Then the rescue team’s call-out procedure begins.

A. Team members keep their personal equipment at home so as to be ready

to set off within fifteen minutes of receiving the call.

B. The advance party of about four people sets off right away.

1. They carry a radiotelephone with them to send details to the

main party and to the base.

2. They are also equipped and trained to give immediate medical

assistance.

C. The main party follows the advance party.

1. They carry a radiotelephone and more supplies, including a

stretcher for the victim.

D. The third party on the mountain is the back-up group.

1. Their job is to help the main party on its return journey.

III. R escue control is set up in a mobile base.

A. This vehicle carries the team’s supplie s other than personal equipment.

B. It is equipped with radiotelephone and the means of providing

hot food and drinks.

C. The base is set up near a telephone so that extra help, for example

ambulance, doctor, helicopter or reserves, can be contacted without delay.

Section Two Listening Comprehension

Part 1 Sentence Identification

Script

Identify each sentence as simple (S), compound (CP), complex (CPL) or compound-complex (C-C). You will hear each sentence twice. Write the corresponding letter(s) in the space provided.

1. What do I care if you choose to make a fool of yourself

2. Walter was satisfied with the outcome; his wife, however, was bitterly disappointed.

3. Their trip to the park seashore next day was cut short by the first

heavy drops of rain from the brooding clouds.

4. Eileen, Sophia and William decorated the room, replaced the furniture,

and cleaned the carpet.

5. Many of the players have slight injuries, but the team as a whole is in fine shape.

Key

1. CPL

2. CP

3. S

4. S

5. CP

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Part 2 Dialogues

Dialogue 1 Stressed Out

Script

A. In the dialogue the speakers talk about stress management. Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

Friend: Are you OK, Mia You look beat. You look really tired.

Mia: I am. I can’t seem to sleep at night. I’ve been under a lot of pressure lately — a lot of stress.

Friend: What’s up

Mia: I’ve got a million things to do. I’m busy at work. I’m working on the house too, you know. I’m trying to fix it up. I need to finish it before winter. Just lots of deadlines.

Friend: Any way I can help

Mia: Thanks, but not really. It’s just things I have to do.

Friend: Well, you need to manage that stress a little better. Are you getting any exercise

Mia: Who has time

Friend: You really should ride a bicycle to the store, or walk to work

a couple of days a week, or go swimming at the community center. It helps

me to get exercise when I’m busy. You don’t h ave to become a fitness nut*, you know.

Mia: That is a good suggestion. It’s just the time, you know. I’m always thinking of what I should be doing.

Friend: No wonder you can’t sleep. A lot of people learn to meditate* or learn yoga. Meditation and yoga are supposed to be good ways to deal with stress. They help you relax.

Mia: Yoga Maybe I’ll call the community center. They might have some classes there.

Friend: You know, another thing you can do is to take vitamins. You use up a lot of vitamins and yo u don’t get them in your meals all the time.

They won’t help the stress, but they might help your body handle it better.

You really should take vitamins every day.

Mia: Yeah, I should get some. Thanks.

Friend: How about going out with Rosa and me this Fr iday It’ll do you good. We could see a movie, make you forget your problems. Have a little fun.

Mia : You know, you’re right about all of this. Let’s go somewhere Friday night, have dinner, see a movie. That’ll be fun.

Friend: Now you’re talking!

Mia: OK. See you Friday. Got to get back to work!

Friend: Mia, you’re hopeless, truly hopeless.

B. Listen to some extracts from the dialogue and complete the following

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5 sentences with the missing words.

1. Friend: What’s up

Mia: I’ve got a million things to do. I’m busy at work. I’m working on the house too, you know. I’m trying to fix it up. I need to finish it before winter. Just lots of deadlines.

2. Friend: You know, another thing you can do is to take vitamins. You use up a lot of vitamins and you don’t get t hem in your meals all the time. They won’t help the stress, but they might help your body handle it better. You really should take vitamins every day.

Key

1. Mia looks great.

Mia has been under a lot of pressure probably because she finds it difficult to meet the deadlines.

3. She is repairing her house herself.

5. Her friend also believes that if you get regular exercise you will probably become a fitness nut.

6. Mia has insomnia.

stress.

8. Vitamins can also relieve stress.

10. Mia is probably a workaholic.

B. 1. Friend: What’s up

Mia: I’ve got a million things to do. I’m busy at work. I’m working on the house too, you know. I’m trying to fix it up . I need to finish it before winter. Just lots of deadlines .

2. Friend: You know, another thing you can do is to take vitamins. You use up a lot of vitamins and you don’t get t hem in your meals all the time. They won’t help the stress , but they might help your body handle it better . You really should take vitamins every day.

Dialogue 2 Reflexology

Script

A. Listen to two people talking about reflexology and complete the following chart.

Woman: Did I tell you about the reflexology* class I’m taking at the Asia Center

Man: The what class

Woman: Reflexology. It’s foot massage You know, from Chinese medicine. Man: Foot massage

Woman: Yeah. It’s wonderful. Here, let me show you what

I’ve learned. Take of f your shoes and socks.

Man: Are you serious

Woman: Just try it.

Man: OK.

Woman: The important thing to understand is that parts of your foot are connected to other parts of your body.

Man: Yeah, my legs.

Woman: No. I mean certain places on your foot are connected to other places, other parts of your body. So when you

ma ssage a part of your foot, it’s good for another part. For

example, look at your big toe.

Man: Uh-huh.

Woman: The area on the bottom of the big toe is connected to your brain. Do you have headaches

Man: Headaches Sometimes.

Woman: So just rub the area on the bottom of your big toe. It will help your brain.

Man: Huh Huh. Actually, my eyes hurt more often than my head. My eyes get tired from using the computer at work.

Woman: Massaging your other toes can help your eyes. On the bottom of each toe, there’s a small area. They’re round,

like circles. Well, rubbing these circles makes your eyes feel

better. It relaxes tired eyes.

Man: Here This area under each toe

Woman: Yeah. But that’s not the only place for tired eyes.

If your eyes really hurt, find the area under your two smallest

toes … there by your two smallest toes.

Man: Uh-huh.

Woman: It looks something like the letter “U.” Massage that U. It will help when you feel really bad pain in your eyes.

Man: What else

Woman: Well, now move down your foot on the outside. Find the widest part of your foot on the outside, there’s an area

related to your shoulders. Massage it firmly —not so hard that

it hurts, but you should be firm. This will help the muscles in

your shoulders.

Man: Like stiff shoulders, that kind of thing

Woman: Right. Now let’s look at the other side of your foot. On the inside of your foot, put your fingers near the top

— on the inside, just under the big toe. Slowly and firmly, rub

from the top all the way to your heel …to the end of your foot.

This area will heal your back. If you have backaches, rub this

long, narrow area several times a day.

Man: The whole inside edge helps the back

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Woman: That’s right. How’s your stomach Do you get stomachaches

Man: Not very often … well, sometimes, if I eat too much.

Woman: Find the area in the center of your foot. It goes from the inside edge of your foot almost all the way to the other

side. It’s almost like a small egg. Massage it firmly. It can

help your stomach.

Man: Here, in the middle

Woman: Right. You can work on your knees, too. If you have sore knees, move your hand to the bottom, outside edge of your

foot, the sole of your foot, by the heel. Rub firmly.

Man: You know, this is kind of interesting. But actually, you know what hurts the most My feet. I get blisters* a lot.

Woman: Blisters Maybe you need bigger shoes.

Part 3 Passage

Eating Culture

Script

B. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions you will hear.

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Don’t Americans know that eating immoderate quantities of French fries and pizza can lead to overweight Almost 80 percent know that high fat intake may lead to health problems, 86 percent are aware that cholesterol* can mean trouble, and 88 percent know that sodium* may have negative effects on health.

This leaves obesity* researchers struggling with the questions of why we eat a lot of fat when we know it makes us fat. What’s m ore, overweight is on the rise, even as popular culture continues to celebrate slimness, to the point of embracing fashion models as standards of female beauty.

A couple of different societal forces are pushing Americans toward overweight, even though we value slenderness. First, broad changes have conspired* to make many adults feel stressed at home and work, from corporate downsizing to being a single parent. They eat as a form of release. People are ea ting more because it’s a form of gratification.

Second, Americans live in the only country in the world where pie-eating contests are old-fashioned fun, and all-you-can-eat restaurants dot the landscape.

Many obesity experts believe that cultural standards of slenderness are primarily embraced by white Americans, to whom slimness becomes more important with increasing income. Yet blacks, particularly black women, don’t necessarily buy into the slim-is-better philosophy.

If there is greater acceptance of overweight among black women, it’s unclear whether it promotes their higher-than-average rates of overweight or results from them. One thing is certain: this high prevalence of overweight among blacks is not genetic. Obesity is not an issue for blacks native to Africa. The low household incomes of many blacks living in the . may play a major role in their high levels of overweight. If you’re poor, you learn to eat foods that yield the greatest amount of energy for the lowest cost —that’s fat.

Questions:

1. How many Americans know that sodium may do harm to their health

2. What worries obesity researchers most

3. What happens to the Americans as popular culture prefers slimness

4. What have made many adults live under the pressure

5. Why do people eat more

6. What do white Americans consider slenderness

7. Which group of people do not believe in the slim-is-better philosophy

8. Which of the following is certain about the cause for high obesity

rate among black Americans

C. Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.

Key

A. Experts agree the key to healthy eating is the time-tested advice of balance, variety and moderation. In short, that means eating a wide variety of

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foods without getting too many calories or too much of any one nutrient. Here are some tips that can help you:

Eat a variety of nutrient-rich foods.

Enjoy plenty of whole grains, fruits and vegetables.

Maintain a healthy weight.

Eat moderate portions.

Eat regular meals.

Reduce but not eliminate certain foods.

Balance your food choices over time.

Know your diet pitfalls.

B. 1. C 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. C

C. 1. They know that eating immoderate quantities of French

fries and pizza can lead to overweight.

2. People are eating more under stress becau se it’s a form of gratification.

3. Americans live in the only country in the world where pie-eating

contests are old-fashioned fun, and all-you-can-eat restaurants dot the landscape.

4. It is not genetic.

5. Because they are poor and have to learn to eat foods that yield the

greatest amount of energy for the lowest cost —that’s fat.

D. 1. Overweight is on the rise, even as popular culture

continues to celebrate slimness, to the point of embracing fashion models as standards of female beauty.

2. Americans live in the only country in the world where pie-eating

contests are old-fashioned fun, and all-you-can-eat restaurants dot the landscape.

3. Many obesity experts believe that cultural standards of slenderness

are primarily embraced by white Americans, to whom slimness becomes more important with increasing income. Yet blacks, particularly black women, don’t necessarily buy into the slim-is-better philosophy.

4. If you’re poor, you learn to eat foods that yield the greatest amount

of energy for the lowest cost —that’s fat.

Part 4 News

News item 1 Over-60s to Double by 2050

Script

A. Listen to the news item and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Then give a brief summary about the news item.

The World Health Organization says society worldwide will experience major changes, with 20 percent of the population older than 60. The report urges governments to have policies that permit older people to participate more in

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10 society.

In 2006, there were 50 million older adults in the Americas. That number is expected to double by 2025. By the year 2050, 1-in-4 people in the Americas will be over 60. Globally, 1-in-5 people will be over 60.

The WHO report says that older people make many important contributions to families and communities. It suggests that these contributions are greater than the costs of providing elders with more health services.

The report says societies need to adjust to an aging population. Communities need to become friendlier to older people. This means improving security for the elders and preventing social isolation* and loneliness.

Health systems need to better serve older people. Systems need to provide more long-term care for conditions common in older age.

Governments also need to develop long-term care systems that ensure people live their later years with dignity*. The report says that especially women — who often are the main caregivers for older family members — need more support and resources.

B. Listen to the news item again and complete the following sentences.

Key

A.

1. According to the WHO, 30 percent of the world population will

get older than 60.

be 100 million.

3. The contributions that the elders make to families and

communities are almost the same as the costs of their health services..

Communities need to better serve older people, be friendlier to them and permit them to participate more in society.

5. Women who are the main caregivers for elder family members should get more support.

This news item is about the necessity of having long-term care systems for the growing ageing population worldwide.

B. 1. Communities need to improve security for the elders and prevent social isolation and loneliness.

2. Governments should develop long-term care systems to ensure people live their later years with dignity .

C. Health systems need to better serve older people. Systems need to provide more long-term care for conditions common in older age .

News item 2 What Is “Social Jet Lag”

Script

A. Listen to the news item and complete the following outline. Then give a brief summary about the news item.

Do you often start your day feeling tired Do you ever fall asleep at work Do you sometimes just feel out of it — as if your brain is still asleep, even though your body is awake

If you answered “yes” to any of these questio ns, you might be suffering from what researchers call “social jet lag*.” And help might come from simply changing your work hours.

Till Roenneb erg is a German chronobiologist. “Chrono” comes from the G reek root word “chronos” and means “time.” So, a chro nobiologist is a scientist that studies the states of being awake and being asleep.

Till Roenneberg led researchers in a study at Ludwig-Maximilian University in Munich, Germany. They studied “social jet lag” a mong workers at a steel company in Europe.

Factory workers were given work times that matched their natural sleeping habits. Supervisors did not force the so-called “night owls,” people who l ike to stay awake at night, to get up early for work. On the other hand, supervisors also did not force early risers, sometimes called “larks,” to work late.

Changing the schedules of the workers to fit their lifestyle improved their sense of wellbeing, says Mr. Roenneberg.

B. Listen to the news item again and complete the following sentences.

Key

A. A Study on “Social Jet Lag”

The institution: Ludwig-Maximilian University in Munich, Germany

Leading researcher: Till Roenneberg

Subject of the research: Workers at a steel company in Europe

Method: Factory workers were given work times that matched their natural sleeping habits.

Finding: Changing the schedules of the workers to fit their lifestyle improved their sense of wellbeing.

This news item is about a way that could cure “social jet lag”

— changing work schedule.

B. 1. “Social jet lag” is a feeling that a person usually has when he finds his body is awake and his brain is asleep. Therefore he will say he feels out of it.

2. A person who likes to stay up late is called a “night owl”, while

a person who gets up early is called an early riser, or a “lark”.

C. Do you often start your day feeling tired Do you ever fall asleep at work Do you sometimes just feel out of it—as if your brain is still asleep,

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even though your body is awake

Section Three Oral Work

Retelling

Hollywood Totem Pole

Script

Listen to a story and then retell it in your own words. You will hear the story only once. You can write down some key words and phrases.

Screenwriters, as Tom Schulman quickly learned, have long been the lowest members on the Hollywood totem* pole.

“If I had any inclination to get a big head, the Oscars cured that,” he once recalled. “The presenter who gave me the award [for Dead Poets Society] was Jane Fonda. She had recently been in the news because she had started dating Ted Turner.

Anyway, she handed me the Oscar and I made my little speech and we went together into the pressroom where there was a small stage in front of bleachers* filled with about 60 press members, who were supposed to ask the winner questions.

Jane and I took the stage and she said, “I’d like to introduce you to Tom Schulman, who’s just won an Oscar for Best Original Screenplay. Do you have any questions”

There was a barrage* of questions. “Jane, what’s it like with Ted Are you getting married” etc. And she said, “Come on, this isn’t my night, it’s Tom’s night. Please direct your questions to him.”So there’s a little pause and somebody says, “Tom,what’s it like getting an Oscar from Jane What’s your thought —you think she’ll marry Ted”.

Section Four Supplementary Exercises

Part 1 Passage

Cancer

Script

A. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions you will hear.

Cancer is the general name for a large group of diseases. It occurs when cells in the body grow and pide out of control.

Our bodies are made up of millions of cells. Layers of cells form tissues. Normal cells grow, pide, and die in an orderly way. This process helps keep our bodies healthy.

Cancer cells grow and pide too quickly. The process usually starts when something damages the genetic structure (DNA*) inside the cells. Instead of dying in an orderly way, cancer cells keep growing, lump together* and form an

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extra mass of tissues. This mass is called a malignant* tumor. As a malignant tumor grows, it damages nearby tissue. A malignant tumor can take a long time (up to 30 years) or a short time (2 or 3 years) to cause symptoms.

Cancer can begin in one part of the body and spread to others. This is called metastasis*. During metastasis, cancer cells travel through the body. In the new location, cancer cells create a new malignant tumor and grow out of control.

Not all tumors are malignant. Some are benign, which means they aren’t cancerous. Benign tumors usually aren’t life threatening. They can usually be removed and rarely come back.

We’re not exactly sure what causes cancer. We don’t always know why one person gets it and another doesn’t. However, we do know a lot about the r isk factors for cancer. The more we know about the risk factors, the more we can do to protect ourselves.

Risk is a person’s chance of getting a disease over a certain period of time. A person’s risk factors make up a person’s risk.

A risk factor is anythi ng that raises or lowers a person’s chance of getting a disease. You can control some of them, but not all of them. Risk factors for cancer include:

A lifestyle choice, like what a person eats;

An environmental exposure, like smoke from other people’s cigarettes;

Genetic make-up or family history;

Another disease or medical problem.

These things mix together with different effects on different people. Some people are more sensitive to risk factors than others. Just because you have one or even several risk factors does not mean you will definitely get cancer. And avoiding risk factors does not guarantee you will be healthy.

Questions:

1. What are our bodies made up of

2. When does the process of cancer cells growing and piding start

3. What do cancer cells form instead of dying in an orderly way

4. How long can a malignant tumor take to cause symptoms

5. Where can cancer start at the beginning

6. What do cancer cells do during metastasis

7. How many risk factors for cancer do we know

8. What do risk factors mean to those people who have one or several risk factors

B. Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.

Key

A. 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. C

B. 1. Cancer occurs when cells in the body grow and pide out of control.

2. The process of normal cells helps keep our bodies healthy.

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3. No, not all tumors are malignant. Benign tumors can usually be removed

and rarely come back.

4. A risk factor is anything that raises or lowers a person’s chance

of getting a disease.

5. Some people are more sensitive to risk factors than others. Just

because you have one or even several risk factors does not mean you will definitely get cancer. And avoiding risk factors does not guarantee you will be healthy.

Part 2 Video

Students Invent Water Purification Disc

Script

Watch the video film and answer the questions.

The lab operates like a kitchen. They add this ingredient and that, mixing, weighing, pressing and baking.

What’s created is called a MadiDrop —a ceramic* disc infused* with silver.

When dropped in water, silver ions are released to purify the water. And, testing here at the University of Virginia shows clean, safe water. Beeta Ehdaie is a doctoral candidate at UVA.

“It’s not just about making a really great technology that effectively removes or kills bacteria and pathogens*. It’s about making a low cost, simple to use one, tailored* to people in developing countries who don’t have many resources.”

The students are experimenting with various shapes of MadiDrops to correspond with different sizes of water storage containers. So why did they name them “MadiDrops”

The word “madi” means “water” in Tshivenda, a language of Limpopo Province in South Africa. Here fifty women run a water filter* factory, set up by the university last summer.

The women mix sawdust* and clay and make flower pot shaped filters. The water flows through the filters to trap bacteria and solid particles to purify it. The factory sells the filters to local families. Manager Certinah Khashane says the work has changed the women’s lives.

“When they get money for those pots, they just buy school uniforms for their children.”

But the MadiDrop is smaller and less expensive than the filters. So, over the next few months, students will conduct field trials of the MadiDrop here in South Africa.

Water experts say further testing will determine if the MadiDrop is indeed a breakthrough. Maggie Montgomery is with the World Health Organization. She explained through Skype what field testing should reveal.

“Do they find it convenient, does it have a certain taste they don’t like to the water, what happens once it becomes exhausted.”

If successful, the South African women will produce and sell MadiDrops. The

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goal is to expand factories to other developing countries and impact millions of lives per year. Jim Smith is the engineering professor leading the project.

“Imagine a magic stone and you take this magic stone and you drop it in your water container. It purifies the water and makes it safe to drink. And then imagine that this magic stone only costs a few dollars. That’s what a MadiDrop is.”

The project has been presented to the American Chemical Society and the American Society of Civil Engineers. Smith says he’s r eceived calls from corporations interested in producing the MadiDrop ... which just might mean Smith and his students have truly invented a magic stone.

Key

1. A ceramic disc infused with silver.

2. When dropped in water, silver ions are released to purify the water.

3. The water flows through the filters to trap bacteria and solid

particles to purify it.

4. MadiDrop is smaller and less expensive than the filters.

5. Over the next few months, students will conduct field trials of the

MadiDrop here in South Africa to determine if the MadiDrop is indeed a breakthrough.

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