定语从句结构分析-精品

定语从句

一、 定语：

指：修饰、限定名词的词、短语或句子，汉语中常翻译成‘??的’。 (1)定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。a big smile an open fire (2)若修饰some,any,every,no等复合不定代词时，放后

（如：something strange奇怪的事情、nothing serious没什么要紧的事）； (3)to do不定式、V-ing/v-ed分词、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。

形容词作定语：

The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.） 小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。

Tom is a handsome boy. Tom是个英俊的男孩。 There is a good story. 有个乖男孩。 数词作定语相当于形容词：

Two boys need two pens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔。

I spend ten dollars in buying this shoes./这两个男孩是学生。 There are thousands of boys in the yand./房间里有两个男孩。 代词或名词所有格作定语：

His teacher needs Tom\\'s pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。 Their name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。

They are Tom’s parents..他们是汤姆的父母亲。 名词作定语：

The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。 There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。 副词作定语：

The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。 The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。 介词短语作定语：

The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。 The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。

There are ten books with names ,but without covers.这里有10本写了名字但是没封皮的书， 不定式作定语：

There is nothing （to do） today. 今天无事要做。 There are three experiments（ to do ） 还有三个实验要做。 She is looking for a place （to live.） 她正在寻找一个住处。 分词（短语）作定语：

The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑男孩需要支他妈妈买的钢笔。 The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。 There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。 句子做定语：

The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday. 那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。

The boy whom you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。

定语从句

名词（N） + 引导词 + （主）+ 谓 +（宾） 先行词 ← 定语从句（引导词就是考点） 修饰

I finally made a decision which / that ｛I have been thought about } for two weeks . 先行词 定语从句引导词 主 谓 状语

最终，我做出了我考虑两周了的决定.(主干：我做出了决定。定语部分我考虑了两个周的....：)

从句 which / that ｛I have been thought about } for two weeks 成分不完整， 先行词 decision做的就是从句的宾语，即：我考虑了两个周的决定。

定语成分解析：

A:The boy + needs a pen + 主语 谓语 宾语

who is reading which you bought yesterday 定语从句 定语从句

本句修饰名词boy,表示正在读书的男孩 本句修饰限定名词pen，表示你昨天买的那支笔 （who==the boy做从句is reading的主语） （which=pen做从句you bought 的宾语）

（The boy 是先行词，被定语从句所修饰） （Who 是从句引导词，代替boy在从句中做主语

B:The boy + is Tom. （主+系+表） Whom you will know 定语从句

（本句修饰限定名词boy,表：你将要认识的那个男孩） （whom=boy做从句you will know的宾语）

C:There are five boys +

who will play the game 定语从句

（本句修饰限定名词boys,表：准备玩游戏的男孩们） （who=boys做从句will play the game 的主语）

D:I saw some trees +

whose leaves were yellow. 定于从句 （本句修饰限定trees,表：“页子是黄色的”树）

(whose表示：...的，表明了tree 与leaves之间的所属关系)

1．定语从句：

修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2．先行词：“被修饰的词”叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, 等； 关系副词有when, where, why等。

关系词的三作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。 例如：

The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.

该句中who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man， “who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。

关系代词引导的定语从句

1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语（也可以用that）。

The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。 Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。

Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。

2. whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。

Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。

Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。

The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。

The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor老师常表扬的那个女孩是我们班长。 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who和that 来代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 例题：

1. I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble. A. who B. which C. they D. where 2. The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada. A. which B. when C. who D. whom 3. George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which

4. Where is the man _________ I saw this morning?

A. who B. that C. whom D. Whose 5. ---Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees? ---Yes, he does.

A. which B. whose C. where D. who 6.---Where is the scientist ________ gave us the talk yesterday? ---He has gone back to Qinghua University.

A. whom B. who C. whose D. which 8.I hate people _______ talk much but do little.

A. whose B. whom C. which D. who 3. Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略

Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。 He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。

The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。 This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。

例题：

1. This is the place _____I have ever visited.

A. there B. when C. where D. which 12. This is the house _______ I want to buy.

A. in which B. that C. whose D. Where 2. The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. That 2. He talked about the lectures and schools ____ he had visited. A. that B. Which C. who D. Whom

4．That 指人时，相当于who 或whom； That指物时，相当于which.。

在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。

The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。

Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？ The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。 The season that / which comes after spring is summer. 春天以后的季节是夏季。

Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 昨天我收到一封来自澳洲的信。 5．Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。

I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。

I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。

注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：

The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 例题：

6. Mr. White______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman. A. who B. that C. whose D. Which 7. Do you know a boy ______ sister is a nurse in a hospital? A. who B. that C. whom D. Whose

（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。 The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.

The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。

Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.

Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。

This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.

This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。 We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about. We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 我们将去听那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。

The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions. The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions. 我工作的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。 注意

１：固定搭配一般不拆开，介词仍放在从句中，如look for, look after, take care of 等。 This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正) This is the watch for which I am looking . (误)

The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. （误） ２．介词+whom

The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) 你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。

The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误)

The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (正)我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。

The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (误)

３．“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。 如：

He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。

In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. 篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。

There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 我们班总共有４０个学生，大多数来自大城市。

Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life. 迄今为止，他写了１０部小说，其中３部是关于农村生活的。

课堂练习：

1.The prize will go to the writer //______ story shows the most imagination. 主句 定语从句

A. that B. which C. whose D. what

解析分析句子成分可知,先行词是writer，从句主语story与先行词writer有所属关 系，译为“作者的故事”，因此用whose。

句意是：我们的奖金会留给故事情节最富有想象力的作者。

2.You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station// ____ you can hire to reach your host family.

A. which B. where C. when D. As

解析先行词为the bus station，在从句中做谓语动词hire宾语，用关系词which、that。

The old town has narrow streets and small houses// ___are built close to each other. A. they B. where C. what D. that

解析先行词是small houses，在从句中作主语，用关系代词that代替， 句意为：这座古老的城镇街道狭窄，小房子挨得很近。

4.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, // each of ___ uses it somewhat differently.

A. which B. what C. them D. those

解析先行词是several diverse cultures，先行词在从句中做each of的宾语，所有 应用关系代词which。

She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students //____ allows them to communicate freely with each other.

A. which B. where C. what D. who 解an atmosphere与修饰它的定语从句被for her students隔开，从句缺主语，用which。

Julie was good at German, French and Russian ,// all of ______ she spoke fluently. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 解析介词后只能使用的关系代词是which, who, whose, 因为句子中关系词指代是语言， 故选C；句意：Julie擅长德语、法语和俄语，这三种语言她说得都很流利。

7.After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_______ urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive. A. which B. who C. where D. what

【解析】指人的先行词people在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词who引导。 8.In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses.

A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them 【解析】前后两句话之间无连词，故不能用人称代词them

而应用关系代词whom引导定语从句；在46个学生当中，表所属，应用of。故答案选C。 9.I wish to thank Professor Smith, without_____help I would never have got this far. A. who B. Whose C. Whom D. whic

10. An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area ______ interact with one another. A. That B. Where

C. Who D. what

11.John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of __ are family members.

A．them B．that C．which D．whom

【解析】逗号之后是一个非限定性定语从句，关系词that只能引导限定性定语从句，排除；先行词是people，which 只能指物，排除选项C；如果用them， 则逗号之后应该加上一个连词and，。

【拓展】英语中两个句子之间是必须要有一个连词的，简单说，如果在一个逗号的前面和后面的句子之中没有连词的话，那这个句子就是错误的。

【句意】约翰邀请了四十个人参加他的婚礼，其中大部分是家庭成员。

12.Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _____ they live in.

A. what B. which C. when D. where

the environment是先行词，在定语从句中做宾语，“他们生活在这个环境中”，故用关系代词that或which。

【拓展】关系词的选择，最关键的就是看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是表示什么的单词，如表示地点的先行词之后未必用where，同样表示时间的先行词之后未必用when。【句意】现在人们更加关心他们所生活的环境。

13.Finally he reached a lonely island ________ was completely cut off from the outside world. A. when B. where C. which D. whom

（一）填入适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子

1. The boys_______ are playing football are from Class One.

2. Those_want to go to the museum must be at school gate at 7 tomorrow. 3. Mr Liu is the person ________ you talked about on the bus. 4. The professor ________ you are waiting for has come. 5. Football is a game _______is liked by most boys.

6. He likes to read books ________ are written by foreign writers. 7. This is the pen _______ he bought yesterday.

8. We’ll go to hear the famous singer _______ we have often talked. 10. The season_________ comes after spring is summer.

11. I visited a scientist ________ name is known all over the country. 12. He has a friend ______ father is a doctor.

13. I once lived in the house _____ roof has fallen in.

14. I still remember the day _____ I first came to this school. 15. The time _______ we got together finally arrived. 16. Shanghai is the city ______ I was born.

17. The house ______ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 18. Please tell me the reason ______ you missed the plane.

19. The reason ____ he was punished is unknown to us. 20. All the people ______are present burst into tears.

22. He succeeded in the competition, _____ made his parents very happy. 23. The school ______ he once studied is very famous.

24. Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine _______ you asked. 25. This is the boy ________I played tennis with yesterday.

（二） 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。 1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.

2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.

3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.

4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.

5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.

6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.

7. The man was my uncle. The man waved to us.

8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.

9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.

10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.

E：This is the room + 这就是我去年住过的房间。 where I lived in last year 定语从句

（本句修饰room,表示：我去年居住的房子 ） （where表示地点，代替room在从句中做地点状语）

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F：I'll never forget the day + 我永远不会忘记我出生的日子。 when I was born 定语从句

（本句修饰时间day，表示我出生的那天） （when表时间，代替day在从句中做时间状语）

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关系副词: 被修饰的名词是地方，时间，原因的时候使用关系副词。

1. when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语

I still remember the day when I first came to this school.

我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。 The time when we got together finally arrived. 我们团聚的时刻终于到了。

October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。

Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents. 你还记得在农村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年吗？ 例题：

6. Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting. A. that B. which C. why D. When 7. 8. He has forgotten the week _______ he arrived.

A. when B. where C. that D. which 9. He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family. A. when B. where C. that D. on which

8. The film brought the hours back to me __ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. A until B. that C. when D. where 2. where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。

The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。 I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised . 我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。 Is this the place where they fought the enemy? 这是他们当初打敌人的地方吗？ 例题：

5. This is the place _____I have ever visited.

A. there B. when C. where D. which 7. The moon is a world ______ there is no life.

A. that B. which C. where D. why 3. why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。

Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。

The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。

I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 我不知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快。 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。 如：

From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country had he known what he wanted to be when he grew up. 自从他在农村读小学时，他就已经知道长大后要做什么。

Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live. 他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。

The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。 例题：

6. Do you know the reason ____ he didn’t come?

A. that B. Which C. for D. Why 22.Can you tell me the reason ____ you didn’t come for yesterday? A. why B. How C. which D. what

比较：

1. The house____ windows face south is his.

A. that B. Which C. whose D. who’s 2. The house____ face south is his.

A. where B. Which C. whose D. who’s

3. The park, ____ we visited yesterday, is very nice.

A. where B. Which C. that D. when 4. The park, ____ we met with him, is very nice.

A. where B. Which C. that

总结：

D. When

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句

形式上：没逗号逗号“，”与主句隔开。

意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。 译法上：译成先行词的定语：“．．．的”

关系词的使用上：A．作宾语时可省略 B．可用that C．可用who 代替whom 限制性定语从句举例：

The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. 老师告诉我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。

China is a country which has a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的国家。

In the street I saw a man who was from Africa. 在街上我看到一个来自非洲的人。

非限制性定语从句

形式上：有逗号“，”与主句隔开。

意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。 译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。

关系词的使用上：A．不可省略 B．不用that C．不可用who 代替whom 非限制性定语从句举例 ：

His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。

China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 中国是1949年成立的， 现在正变得越来越强大。

Last year I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year 去年夏天，我参观了人民大会堂，在那儿每年都要举行许多重要会议。

(一) 限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情况

1．当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。 如：

Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? 李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？ There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 对他来说似乎世界上没有什么不可能的事。

All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的都做好了。 There is little that I can do for you. 我不能为你干什么。

He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed. 他呆在图书馆查找所需的资料。

注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who，如：

Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。

All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people. 所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。

2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：

The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。

3．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：

This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 4．当先行词被the very, the only修饰时。如：

This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这正是我要买的词典。

After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns. 家里发生了火灾过后，那辆旧车成了他的唯一拥有。

注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如：

Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. 王华是我校唯一出席会议的人。

5．当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如：

Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？ Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？ 6．当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如：

They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school 他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。

Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的 毛驴。

（二）关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句

as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时， 其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是： 1. as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如： He married her, as / which was natural. 他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。 He is honest, as / which we can see. 他很诚实， 这一点我们看得出来。

2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可放主句前、主句后，甚至还可以分割主句。

which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另as 常有“正如、正像”的含义。 如：

As is known to all, China is a developing country. 众所周知，中国是发展中国家。 He is from the south, as we can know from his accent. 他是南方人，这一点我们从他的口音可以知道。

John, as you know, is a famous writer. 正如你所知， 约翰是个著名作家。 Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I don’t believe. 张华已去过巴黎十多次了，这一点我不相信。

注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如： Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry. 汤姆老是迟到，这使得老师很恼火。

These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy. 这些桌子是金属的，这使得这些桌子很重。

1. 当先行词受such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。 如：

I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。 He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不象他看上去的那样傻。

This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。

注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如：

She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。 She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。

(三) 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如：

The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions was surprising. 他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。

I don’t like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her. 我不喜欢你冲她的样子。

（四）关系代词与关系副词的选择

用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较：

A. I know a place where we can have a picnic. 我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。

I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. 我知道一个以自然景 色优美而闻名的地方。

B. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. 我永远忘不了我们一起 度假的日子。

I will never forget the days that / which we spent together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。

C. This is the reason why he was dismissed. 这就是他被解雇的原因。

This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. 这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。

（六）定语从句与同位语从句的区别

1．定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。

The plane that has just taken off is for Paris. （定语从句） 刚刚起飞的那架飞机是开往巴黎的。

The fact that he has already died is quite clear. （同位语从句） 他已经去世了，这个事实很明了。

2．定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that 引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由where, when, how, who, whether, what 等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。 The news that he told me is true. （定语从句） 他告诉我的消息是真的。

The news that he has just died is true. （同位语从句） 他刚刚去世了，这个消息是真的。 The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. (定语从句) 我们现在面临的问题是如何筹集这么多资金。

The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve. （同位语从句） 我们如何筹集这么多资金，这个问题很难解决。

The question that he raised puzzled all of us. （定语从句） 他提出的问题让我们很为难。 The question whether he is sure to win the game is hard to answer. （同位语从句） 他是否一定会赢得那场比赛，这个问题很难回答。

3．同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词be发展成一个完整的句子, 而定语从句则不能。如：

A. The idea that he we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. （同位语从句）我们可以向老师请教，这个主意不错。

The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.

B. The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all. （同位语从句） 地球围绕太阳转，这个事实人人皆知。

The fact is that the earth moves around the sun.

C. Pay attention to the problem how we can protect the wild animals. （同位语从句） 请注意如何保护野生动物这个问题。

The problem is how we can protect the wild animals.

Exercises:

1.There are three bedrooms in the house,_____ is Mary's. A the smallest of which B the smaller of which C the smallest of them D the smallest one

2.The Greens will move into the new house next Monday,_____ it will be completely finished.

A by the time B by which time C by that time D by this time 3.Alice has a large collection of phone,_____ was taken in london.

A none of them B no one of which C all of which D none of which 4.With the fast development of agriculture, the people ____ village I taught before lived a happy life.

A who B whose C in whose D in which

5.There is a moutain ____ the top is always covered with snow. A whose B of which C it's D that

6.She may have missed her train, in ____ case she won't arrive for another hour. A what B that C which D this

7.1)I have three children,and two of _____ are doctors. 2)I have three children, two of ____ are doctors.

8.There two thousand students in our school,____ are girls.

A two-thirds in which B two-thirds in them C two-thirds of them D of whom two thirds

9.I have bought two ballpens,_____ writes well.

A neither of them B none of them C neither of which D none of which （1---6ABDCBC 7----9B DDC）

特殊结构定语从句点击

1. These houses are sold at such a low price ________ people expected. A. like B. as C. that D. which

2. I've never heard so interesting a story ________ you told me. A. as B. that C. of which D. about which 3. I've seen the same film ________ you saw yesterday. A. that B. which C. as D. like 4. I'll buy the same coat ________ you wear. A. that B. which C. as D. like

5. He made another wonderful discovery, ________ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think is

6. ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every

month.

A. It B. As C. That D. What 7. This is the first time ________ he has been here. A. that B. when C. at which D. which 8. I don't like ________ you speak to her.

A. the way B. they way in that C. the way which D. the way of which

答案与简析：

1. B。当先行词被such修饰时，定语从句用as引导，即构成结构为\（a/an）＋形容词＋名词＋as\引导的定语从句，意为\像......一样的\。整个句子意为：这些房屋以人们原来估计的那样低的价格出售。

2. A。由so interesting a story = such an interesting story和上面一题的解释便可得知答案。as在定语从句中作宾语。整句意为：我从未听说过像你告诉我那样有趣的故事。 3. A

4. C。当先行词被same修饰时，定语从句由that或as引导，但意思不同。用that引导定语从句指同一物，而用as引导定语从句指同类事物。

5. A。做此题的关键是要知道I think在定语从句中作插入语，做题时将其去掉便可容易得到答案。

6. B。Ａs在此引导非限制性定语从句，代表它所修饰的整个句子内容，并且它可放在所修饰句子的前、中或后面。其常见结构如：as you know, as is said above, as is often the case（情况经常是这样）等。如选Ａ，则需将逗号改为that；如选D，则需将逗号改为is that。 7. A。当先行词为the first time, the last time等时，定语从句的引导词用that而不用when。 8. A。当先行词为way时，定语从句的引导词用that或in which, 也可省略。

定语从句

1．This is the best factory ____we visited last year . A. where B. which C. in which D. that 2.Is this the factory ____computers are built ?

A. that B. which C. in which D. in that 3.please pass me the dictionary ____cover is red .

A. whose B.its C. which D. which of 4.The man ____has arrived .

A. whom I told you B. that I told you C. whom I told you about him D. I told you about 5. Do you know the comrade ____we are talking ?

A. to whom B. to who C. whom D. to that 6. They visited the house ___the great writer was born .

A. from where B. in which C. which D. in where 7. The comrade ___is speaking at the meeting is my teacher . A. whom B. which C. who D. whose 8. He asked us to watch carefully everything ___he did in class . A. who B. that C. what D. where

9. I’ll visit the professor tomorrow ,___he will be back from Shanghai . A. who B. that C. when D. which 10.The school ___I study is a new one .

A. on which B. at where C. on that D. at which 11. China has many islands,____the largest is Taiwan .

A. in which B. at which C. which D. of which 12. The city ____my mother grew up is not far from here . A. what B. where C. that D. which 13. Our teacher lives in the house ____door faces to the north . A. which B. his C. that D. whose 14. Do you know the man ___your father nodded ?

A. whom B. to whom C. to who D. about whom 15.Wrestling is a sport in ___people easily get hurt .

A. that B. when C. which D. what 16. I told you ____I know .

A. all that B. all which C. all what D. all whom 17.China has a lot of famous writers ,one ___is Lu Xun .

A. of which B. of whom C. of who D. of them 18. Is this factory ____we visited last year ?

A. in which B. around that C. whom D. the one 19. Who is the man ____was there ?

A. who B. which C. that D. whom 20. Is there anything ____I can do for you, sir ?

A. that B. which C. whose D. who

21. I still remember the day ____she first wore that green dress . A. which B. in which C. on that D. on which 22. The knife ____we used to cut the bread is very sharp . A. with which B. with it C. with that D. which 23. The games ____the young men competed in were difficult . A. in which B. which C. it D. who

24.It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.. A. that B. which C. as D. it

25. George Mallory was an English school teacher _____ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which

历届高考英语单项选择题定语从句精选

26.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor.

A.of whom B.whom C.of whose D.whose 27.She heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth.

A.it B.which C.this D.that 28.In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help.

A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom 29.The weather turned out to be very good , ____ was more than we could expect.

A.what B.which C.that D.it 30.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.

A.which B.where C.that D.when

31．Carol said the work would be done by October,______personally I doubt very much.

A. it B.that C.when D.which 32．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy.

A．who B．which C．this D．what 33.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable. A.which price C.the price of which C.its price D.the price of whose

34._____ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.

A.As B.It C.That D.Which 35.He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English. A.this B.which C.that D.same 36.On the wall hung a picture, _____ color is blue.

A.whose B.of which C.which D.its

37.Whenever I met him , ____ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile. A.what B.which C.that D.when

38.The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _____ stands the famous tower. A.that B.where C.which D.there

39.The boss ____ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women. A.in which B.in that C.in whose D.whose 40.I don’t like _____ you speak to her.

A.the way B.the way in that C.the way which D.the way of which 41.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ._______ I got wet through . A.It’s the reason B.That’s why C.There’s why D.It’s how

42.He made another wonderful discovery , ____ of great importance to science. A.which I think is B.which I think it is C.which I think it D.I think which is 定语从句答案:

1-5DCADA 6-10 BCBCD 11-15 DBDBC 16-20 ABDCA 21- 25 DABBA KEYS: 26-30 DBDBB 31-35 DBCAB 36-40 ABBCA 41-42 BA

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