电大国开本科人文英语4形考任务(单元自测1至8)答案

单元自测 1 试题及答案

题目为随机， 用查找功能（Ctrl＋F） 搜索题目

[题目]– Do you think I can borrow your bike for a few hours？

– ________________________________

[答案] I' m sorry, but I really need it this afternoon.

[题目]– Excuse me, could you tell the time？

– ________________________________

[答案] It' s three thirty by my watch.

[题目]– Good afternoon. Can I help you？

– ________________________________

[答案] I need to buy a birthday present for my son.

[题目]– Hello, may I speak to John？

– ________________________

[答案] Just a second, please.

[题目]– Thank you for your invitation.

– ________________________

[答案] It' s a pleasure.

[题目]As the bus came round the corner, it ran ________ a big tree by the roadside.

[答案] into

[题目]Both the kids and their parents __________English, I think. I know it from their accent.

[答案] are

[题目]Did you notice the guy _________head looked like a big potato？

[答案] whose

[题目]John' s father _________ mathematics in this school ever since he graduated from HarvardUniversity.

[答案] has taught

[题目]Never before _________ see such a terrible car accident on the road!

[答案] did I

[题目]On average, a successful lawyer has to talk to several ________ a day.

[答案] clients

[题目]Our house is about a mile from the railway station and there are not many houses __________

[答案] in between

[题目]Professor Smith promised to look ________ my paper, that is, to read it carefully beforethe defence.

[答案] over

[题目]What is the train ___________ to Birmingham？

[答案] fare

[题目]When Lily came home at 5 pm yesterday, her mother ______dinner in the kitchen.

[答案] was cooking

排序题

A. DOES IT COST THE SAME FOR EVERY HOUSEHOLD？

B. YOU CAN PAY RIGHT HERE, ON THE INTERNET!

C. JUST GO AHEAD.

D. WE DO FOR THE LIVE CABLE TV PROGRAMS.

E. EXACTLY, EVEN DIGITAL BOXES.

Liu Hui： Gordon, may I ask you a question？

Gordon： Hi, Liu Hui. [答案 C] .

Liu Hui： Do I need to pay for a TV license if I only watch TV online in the UK？

Gordon： Yes, indeed. You need to be covered by a TV license if you watch or record programs

as they' re being shown on TV or live on an online TV service.

Liu Hui： Including watching TV on computers and mobile phones？

Gordon： [答案 E] . It is the law.

Liu Hui： I see. How much is the license fee？

Gordon： It costs ？ 145. 50 for a color TV license and ？ 49. 00 for a black and white TV license.

Liu Hui： That' s a lot of money for a year. [答案 A] ？

Gordon： It costs the same for all applicants under 75. When you reach the age of 75, you mayapply for a free Over 75 TV License.

Liu Hui： I see.

Gordon： Do you need such a license in China？

Liu Hui： [答案 D] .

Gordon： Oh, it sounds similar. But for BBC, the license fee is the main source of income.There is no advertising on the BBC channels.

Liu Hui： By the way, where should I go to pay for my license？

Gordon： [答案 B] .

Liu Hui： Well, sure! Thank you!

选择题

Graffiti painting is traditionally a daredevil pursuit. Teenagers dodge security guardsto put their names on trains and buses. But over the past decade, graffiti has all but disappearedfrom Britain' s cities. Between 2007 and 2012 the number of incidents of graffiti recorded bythe British Transport Police fell by 63%. A survey by the Environment Ministry shows that fewerplaces are blighted by tags than ever. Graffiti are increasingly confined to sanctioned walls,such as the Stockwell ball courts. In time the practice may die out entirely.

The most obvious reason for the decline in tagging and train-painting is better policing.

Numerous CCTV cameras mean it is harder to get away with painting illegally. And punishmentsare more severe. A generational shift is apparent, too. Fewer teenagers are getting intopainting walls. They prefer to play with iPads and video games. Some have gone to art schooland want to make money from their paintings. The Internet means that painters can win far moreattention by posting pictures online than they can by breaking into a railway yard.

Taggers and graffiti artists mostly grew up in the 1980s and 1990s. Those men—and almostall are men—are now older and less willing to take risks. Graffiti may eventually disappear.

But for now the hobby is almost respectable. The former graffiti artists paint abandonedwarehouses at the weekend. It has become something to do on a Sunday afternoon—a slightlyhealthier alternative to sitting and watching football.

1. Teenagers are not afraid of being caught by security guards when they put their names ontrains and buses. [答案 F]

2. Less tags can be found in public places nowadays. [答案 T]

3. Because of better policing graffiti decreases. [答案 T]

4. Some teenagers go to art school in order to learn to paint walls. [答案 F]

5. Taggers and graffiti artists are still willing to take risks. [答案 F]

选择题

Jim Thorpe was a Native American. He was born in 1888 in an Indian Territory(印第安人保护区) that is now Oklahoma. Like most Native American children then, he liked to fish, hunt,swim, and play games outdoors. He was healthy and strong, but he had very little formal education.In 1950, Jim Thorpe was named the greatest American football player. He was also an Olympicgold medal winner. But Thorpe had many tragedies in his life.

Jim had a twin brother who died when he was nine years old. By the time he was 16, hismother and father were also dead, Jim then went to a special school in Pennsylvania for NativeAmerican children. There, he learned to read and write and also began to play sports. Jim waspoor, so he left school for two years to earn some money. During this time, he played on abaseball team. The team paid him only $15 a week. Soon he returned to school to complete hiseducation. Jim was a star athlete(运动员) in several sports, including baseball, running, andfootball. He won many awards for his athletic ability, mainly for football. In many games,he scored all or most of the points for his team.

In 1912, when Jim Thorpe was 24 years old, he became part of the U. S Olympic team. He competedin two very difficult events： the pentathlon and the decathlon. Both require great abilityand strength. The pentathlon has five track and field events, including the long jump and the1500-meter race. The decathlon has ten track and field events, with running, jumping andthrowing contests.

People thought it was impossible for an athlete to compete in both the pentathlon and thedecathlon. So everyone was surprised when Thorpe won gold medals in both events. When the Kingof Sweden presented Thorpe with his two gold medals, he said, Sir, you are the greatest athletein the world. Thorpe was a simple and honest man. He just answered, Thanks, King.

1. From the passage we learn that Jim Thorpe was born in[C].

[答案] C. Oklahoma

2. According to the passage, most American Indian children loved all the following EXCEPT[B].

[答案] B. singing

3. Jim Thorpe started to play sports[B].

[答案] B. when he was 16 years old

4. The word decathlon in paragraph 3 probably means[C].

[答案] C. ten track and field events

5. Which of the following is NOT TRUE？ [A]

[答案] A. In 1912, Thorpe went back to finish his college education.

单元自测 2 试题及答案

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[题目]– How many languages does Peter speak？

– ________________________________

[答案] Five languages.

[题目]– Something went wrong with my television last night.

– ________________________________

[答案]I' m sorry to hear that.

[题目]– Would you like something to drink？ What about a cup of tea？

– ________________________________

[答案] No, thanks.

[题目]– You are late. The discussion started 30 minutes ago.

– ________________________________

[答案] I am really sorry.

[题目]– Your ID card, please.

– ________________________________

[答案] Here you are.

[题目]_________ the War of Independence, the United States was an English colony.

[答案] Before

[题目]Eggs, though rich in nourishments, have ________ of fat.

[答案] a large number

[题目]Every year thousands of lives ________ in road accidents because of careless driving.

[答案] are lose

[题目]Had you come five minutes earlier, you _________ the train to Birmingham. But now youmissed it.

[答案] would have caught

[题目]If she wants to stay thin, she must make a __________ in her diet.

[答案] change

[题目]No matter _________, the little sisters managed to round the sheep up and drive themback home safely.

[答案] how hard it was snowing

[题目]The student were all entertained in a Mexican restaurant, at Professor Brian' s ________

[答案] expense

[题目]The young lady coming over to us _______ our English teacher； the way she walks tellsus that!

[答案] must be

[题目]Tom, what did you do with my documents？ I have never seen such a ________ and disorder!

[答案] mess

[题目]You shouldn' t ________ your time like that, Bob； you have to finish your school worktonight.

[答案]kill

排序题

A. I COULDN' T AGREE MORE.

B. WHAT ELSE？

C. ONCE WE SEPARATE AND RECYCLE THEM.

D. BUT I HAVE A CONCERN.

E. THAT IS REALLY A GREAT ADVICE.

Peter： Molly, look at this. The newspaper says we should sort trash.

Molly： That would be great! I always hate it when people mixing all the trash together.

Peter： [答案 E] Many communities have already done that.

Molly： Yeah. The benefits of sorting out trash are obvious.

Peter： For instance？

Molly： If trash is sorted, it can be transferred to factories instead of the disposal plant.

Peter： That makes sense. [答案 B]

Molly： With trash separated, pollution caused by incineration can be avoided.

Peter： It is high time for us to sort out the trash. Trash is trash only when everything ismixed together. [答案 C] they can be useful again.

Molly： [答案 A] Things like paper, glass, and plastics can all be recycled. They can be reused.

Peter： Sorting is good. [答案 D] If people have no idea how to sort their trash, they will stillput all waste in the same bag.

Molly： You are right. People should be informed about how to do that in the first place. Moreover,sorting trash should be made easy for us. Otherwise, few people would bother to do it.

Peter： I hope everything goes smoothly!

Molly： I believe it will.

选择题

Since its founding in 1948, McDonald' s has grown from a family burger（汉堡包） stand toa global fast-food chain, with more than 30, 000 locations in 118 countries.

With 58 million daily customers worldwide, McDonald' s is now so ubiquitous around the globethat The Economist publishes a global ranking of currencies' purchasing power based on theprices charged at the local McDonald' s, called the Big Mac Index（巨无霸指数） . That' s not tosay that every nation carries the same menu items： choices vary widely depending on location.

Some Asian locations serve fried shrimp in a Big Mac roll, while McDonald' s in India doesn' tserve beef at all, relying instead on burgers made from vegetables, rice and beans.

Not everyone in the world has been happy to greet Ronald McDonald when he moves to town.Many see McDonald' s as a symbol of American economic and cultural chauvinism（沙文主义） , andEuropean nations in particular have viewed American-style fast food as an insult to theirnational food. A French farmer, Jose Bove, became something of a national hero in 1999 afterhe and a group of people destroyed a McDonald' s under construction to protest globalizationand bad food. The next year, a bomb exploded in a French McDonald' s, killing a 27-year-oldemployee. No one claimed responsibility.

But regardless of whether you like their food or their policies, McDonald' s is still widelyseen as one of the true pioneers of peaceful globalization.

1. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE？ [B]

[答案] B. McDonald' s has opened its restaurants in every city of the world.

2. The word ubiquitous in Paragraph 2 is most likely to mean[C].

[答案] C. existing everywhere

3. From Paragraph 2, we can conclude that[A].

[答案] A. McDonald' s designs its menu to suit the local people

4. What did Jose Bove and his people do in 1999 to protest against McDonald' s？ [A]

[答案] A. They destroyed a McDonald' s under construction.

5. In[C], an employee died in a fatal bomb attack on a McDonald' s restaurant in France.

[答案] C. 2000

正误判断题

I' ve been living in the country for more than 10 years. It means quietness, privacy, harmonyand peace for me.

Living in the country requires an active lifestyle. It involves activities like doing dailychores, preparing firewood for winter heating, feeding animals including pets and livestock,tending the garden, or securing fences, etc. For me, the most attractive activities are fishing,hunting and hiking. I enjoy seeing what nature has to offer everyday through a simple walkdown the little trail, or a relaxing drive along the country road with patches of green grassornamented with wildlife sightings of birds, moose, bears, deer, etc.

Living the country life helps us appreciate some of the simpler things, things that makeus feel good about ourselves and the world. It may be just a get together on a Saturday atthe local farmers market, or a project or a problem that the community might pull togetherto help solve. I have participated in a few community projects, like dealing with out-of-controlgrass fires, a roof that collapsed from a large snow fall, or even helping a recent widow withfire wood for the winter. Sometimes I am surprised by how much benefit we receive from helpingothers and as for this community I can’ t say enough.

I really enjoy living the country life. I know it’ s not for everyone, but I know it' sfor me.

1. The author has lived in the countryside for more than a decade, and he/she loves livingthere. [答案 T]

2. Living in the country is not busy at all. [答案 F]

3. The author takes a walk or drives along country roads almost every day. [答案 T]

4. People living in the country usually go shopping every Saturday. [答案 T]

5. According to the author, nobody dislikes countryside life. [答案 F]

单元自测 3 试题及答案

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[题目]- Good morning, sir. May I help you？

-__________.

[答案] Yes, I need some salt.

[题目]I didn' t know my identity card was needed, sir.

– ________________________________

[答案] Sorry, but that' s no excuse.

[题目]Although he did not know London well, he made his way _____ to the airport.

[答案] easily enough

[题目]-Can you go out with us for dinner this evening？

-__________.

[答案] Thanks a lot, but I' m busy tonight.

[题目]Do you know the man _______ under the apple tree？

[答案] lying

[题目]-Excuse me, where is Dr Smith' s office？

-________.

[答案] Sorry, I don' t know. But you can ask the man over there.

[题目]Harry, who had failed in the final exam, had a great worry ________ his mind.

[答案] on

[题目]I don' t know the park, but it' s _________ to be quite beautiful.

[答案] said

[题目]Is the library ________ now？ No, it' s ______.

[答案] open； closed

[题目]Mike is better than Peter ________ swimming.

[答案] at

[题目]Nancy is ________ girl.

[答案] an eighteen-year-old

[题目]The baby is hungry, but there' s ________ milk in the bottle.

[答案] little

[题目]-These are certainly beautiful flowers. Thank you very much.

-_________.

[答案] It' s my pleasure.

[题目]They have learned about _____in recent years.

[答案] hundreds of English words

[题目]Two thousand dollars ____ enough for the car.

[答案] is

排序题

A. FOR MANY STUDENTS

B. A MAJOR BARRIER

C. EQUALITY IN ACCESS TO EDUCATION

D. DIFFERENT PEOPLE

E. NON-TRADITIONAL STUDENTS

The National Union of Students (NUS) welcomes the news that greater numbers of black anddisabled students are studying at UK universities, but there is still a lot of work to be doneon widening access, writes the union' s president, Gemma Tumelty.

A recent Department of Communities and Local Government (DCLG) equalities review showedthat significant numbers of potential students felt their disability was[答案 B] to accessinghigher education (HE) . This is simply unacceptable.

Equality and persity is not entirely a numbers game and before too much praise is givenwe need to hear more from [答案 E] , not just about their experience of accessing higher educationbut also going through the system.

Equality in society is absolutely, and fundamentally, linked to[答案 C] .

[答案 A] , university is the place where they will be first exposed to different cultures and[答案 D] .

As well as fighting for better access, the NUS wants to see persity properly valuedand promoted within the student experience. Many pay lip service to the value of persity,but is this recognized and promoted as a core asset to those who go through the HE system？

Equality in society can be promoted by equality and persity at university. But the benefitsof university as a positive, perse environment must be seen by students as adding value asmuch as any other factors before the numbers game is really won by the champions of persity.

选择题

It can be really frustrating (使人沮丧的) for an overweight person to go to a gym and workout with a positive attitude. All one has to do is walk by almost any nice gym and notice allthe healthy, sweating, skinny members. Sometimes they stare at those of us who are, well, zaftig.It is easy to see the judgment behind their eyes. Who wants to put up with that？

Many people are self-conscious of their bodies and feel isolated when joining workoutclasses of while exercising, especially if they are larger than most of the others in the group.

Now the fitness industry is finally paying attention. Popular gyms are catering (迎合) tooverweight and weight conscious customers by dedicating areas where the skinny people are notallowed.

There are even gyms or programs that require members to be at least 50 pounds overweightto participate.

Trainers recommend functional fitness as a practical goal, rather than six-pack abs(六块腹肌) . They often use text messages to stay in touch with customers.Often at these specialized gyms, the trainers are overweight themselves, or working ontheir own weight goals, and this can help those people with anxiety caused by poor body image.

The equipment has been designed for use by larger people. Wider seats, more cushioning, nomirrors, and tinted (有色的) windows for privacy, are all important changes.

Hopefully these types of gyms will successfully grow in numbers in the future. The ideais a very simple and potentially popular one. If it helps those of us who are bigger exercisemore and improve our fitness level, it' s a step in the right direction.

1. The word zaftig in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to[A].

[答案] A. fat

2. We can infer from the first two paragraphs that[B].

[答案] B. overweight people are often frustrated and pushed away by traditional gym industry

3. What is the training goal in the gyms catering to overweight members？ [A]

[答案] A. To achieve functional fitness.

4. As for the gyms catering to overweight members, which of the following statements is NOT

TRUE？ [C]

[答案] C. There are large mirrors on the walls.

5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage？ [C]

[答案] C. Specialized Gyms Designed for Overweight People.

选择题

Liu Hui interviews Dr. Smith about the issue of educational inequality.

Liu Hui： Thank you, Dr. Smith, for agreeing to be interviewed by our Campus News Weekly. First,what do you mean by educational inequality？

Dr. Smith： Educational inequality is the disparity that certain students experience in theireducation as compared to other students. But the meaning of it varies in different socialcontexts.

Liu Hui： Why does it exist in modern society？

Dr. Smith： Well, researchers link educational inequality to socioeconomic, racial andgeographic reasons.

Liu Hui： So it is very likely that educational inequality exists in different forms in differentcountries.

Dr. Smith： Yeah, you are right. For example, in the United States, although skin color islinked to other forms of inequality, it is evident in education.

Liu Hui： Educational inequality exists in China, too. For example, the college entrance rateis much higher in Beijing than in other provinces. How do you think can we someday eradicatethe inequality？

Dr. Smith： It' s impossible to answer such a big question in few words. E ducational inequalityhas become one of the most important political and social issues in every nation nowadays.There have been numerous attempts at reforms and. . . . .

1. Well, researchers link educational inequality to[C].

[答案] C. racial, socioeconomic and geographic reasons

2. According to the passage, [C].

[答案] C. in the United States, skin color is linked to the inequality in education

3. Educational inequality exists in[C].

[答案] C. all the countries

4. What does the word eradicate mean in the passage？ [A]

[答案] A. get rid of

5. What' s the attitude of Dr. Smith to the future of education equality？ [B]

[答案] B. positive

单元自测 4 试题及答案

题目为随机， 用查找功能（Ctrl＋F） 搜索题目

[题目]— Can you tell me where I can park the car？

— _________________.

[答案] Well, just over there

[题目]— Could I talk to Prof. Lee？

— _________________.

[答案] Yes, speaking

[题目]— I' ve got a bad cold today.

— _________________.

[答案] Oh, dear! I hope you get better soon

[题目]— Sam, this is my friend, Jane.

— _________________.

[答案] Glad to meet you, Jane

[题目]— What' s the matter with you？

— _________________.

[答案] I feel a bit sick

[题目]I was giving a talk to a large group of people， the same talk I ___to half a dozen othergroups before.

[答案] had given

[题目] Neither John ___________ his father was able to wake up early enough to catch the morningtrain.

[答案] nor

[题目]The atmosphere ___________ certain gases mixed together in definite proportions.

[答案] consists of

[题目]The new order means _____ overtime.

[答案] working

[题目]With his work completed, the manager stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased ____ hewas a man of action.

[答案] that

[题目]It is said that _____ boys in your school like playing football in their spare time,though others prefer basketball.

[答案] quite a few

[题目]Jane' s dress is similar in design _____ her sister' s.

[答案] to

[题目]She has two best friends. _____of them is in the country.

[答案] Neither

[题目]The sports meeting was put off till the next week _____ rain.

[答案] because of

[题目]Today' s weather is _____worse than yesterday' s.

[答案] much

排序题

A. EVEN WITHOUT INTERNATIONAL LINKS

B. CHINESE STUDENTS AND ACADEMICS

C. THE CRISIS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH

D. A STRONG RESEARCH SYSTEM

E. IN PART BECAUSE OF THIS

Education and academic quality can mean different things to different people, dependingon their perspective, role and context and, [答案 E] , quality is notoriously difficult toevaluate. The question of how to do this has been pursued for many years.

Nevertheless, the goal of improving educational quality is agreed by all and stimulatedfurther by the recent worldwide economic downturn and the need to counteract the impact of[答案 C]and prepare for economic recovery.

As the World Bank and UNESCO said 10 years ago： The quality of knowledge generated withinhigher education institutions, and its availability to the wider economy, is becomingincreasingly critical to national competitiveness. They also rightly emphasized that[答案D] at the national level opens up the possibility that substantial additional public benefitscan be realized through international links.

This is precisely why[答案B]should contribute to these global benefits, reforming andimproving evaluation systems for educational and academic quality. Original and good research,especially in science, economics and social sciences, has a trickle-down effect on society.

And it offers additional benefits[答案 A] , though international collaboration and exchange ofthe best evaluation policy and practice can bring substantial advantages to all partners inrelation to lessons learned elsewhere.

选择题

Babies who are breast-fed may be more likely to be successful in life, a new study publishedTuesday suggests. The study followed more than 3, 000 babies into adulthood in Brazil. Theresearchers found those who were breast-fed scored slightly higher in intelligence tests intheir 30s, stayed in school longer and earned more money than those who were given formula（配方奶粉） .

Breast-feeding not only has short-term benefits, but also breast-feeding has long-termbenefits, says Bernardo Lessa Horta of the Federal University of Pelotas in Brazil, who ledthe study being published in The Lancet Global Health.

Doctors have long known that breast-feeding can be good for a baby' s health. This isespecially true in poor countries, where water can be contaminated. For instance, a baby givenformula in developing countries is 14 times more likely to die in the first six months thanone who' s breast-fed. In the U. S. , some research has suggested that breast-feeding may raisea baby' s IQ（智商） by a few points. But a recent study with siblings（兄弟姐妹） found littleadvantage to breast-feeding.

Horta says these previous studies didn' t follow children into adulthood to see ifbreast-feeding had long-term effects. So Horta analyzed data collected from 3, 493 volunteershe and his colleagues have been following since birth. They are now in their 30s. First, theresearchers gave the subjects IQ tests. Those who were breast-fed for 12 months or more hadIQ test scores that were 3. 76 points higher than those who were breast-fed for less than onemonth, the team found.

When Horta and his colleagues looked at how much education the subjects had gotten andhow much money they were making, they also found a clear difference： Those who were breast-fedthe longest stayed in school for about an extra year and had monthly salaries that were abouta third higher.

1. From the passage, we learn that Horta[A].

[答案] A. is from Brazil

2. Which of the following about those who were breast-fed is NOT mentioned？ [B]

[答案] B. They were happier

C. They were smarter

3. Which of the following is TRUE？ [C]

[答案] C. Horta' s research project lasted about 30 years

4. The word contaminated in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to[C].

[答案] C. polluted

5. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage？ [C]

[答案] C. Breast-feeding Improves Chances of Success

正误判断题

Liu Hui and Molly are discussing the issue of educational quality at a workshop.

Liu Hui： Hi, Molly. Today' s topic is educational quality. First, what does educational qualitymean to you？

Molly： As far as I' m concerned, quality education means good learning standards in educationalinstitutions. So, educational quality ensures a desirable outcome for learners.

Liu Hui： Sounds like after some serious thinking. However, many definitions of quality ineducation exist, testifying to the complexity and multifaceted nature of the concept.

Molly： Definitely, establishing a contextualized understanding of quality means includingrelevant stakeholders. Key stakeholders often hold different views and meanings of educationalquality.

Liu Hui： There are many prestigious universities in the US. They all provide high-quality

education. But some universities aren' t known for their quality. It's hard to imagine the gap.

Molly： Yes, in the US the quality in higher education is quite mixed. Universities like Harvard,Yale, MIT, etc. , you know, are well-known all over the world. However, there are someinstitutions providing poor education, so called diploma mills.

Liu Hui： In China, we have similar issues in educational quality. Some universities pay moreattention to profits instead of quality.

Molly： How to improve educational quality is an international issue. But, solutions aregrounded in values, cultures and traditions and may be specific to a given nation as well.

1. Molly thinks that educational quality ensures a satisfactory outcome for learners. [答案 T]

2. Liu Hui disagrees with Molly on the meaning of education quality. [答案 F]

3. All universities in the U. S. offer high-quality education. [答案 F]

4. Diploma mills cannot provide high-quality education. [答案 T]

5. In China, there isn' t any diploma mill. [答案 F]

单元自测 5 试题及答案

题目为随机， 用查找功能（Ctrl＋F） 搜索题目

[题目]— Can you help me clear up the mess？

— _________________.

[答案] No problem

[题目]— Have a nice holiday, Ted.

— _________________.

[答案] Thank you, and you too

[题目]— How was the journey to London？

— _________________.

[答案] It went very well

[题目]— What' s the best way to get to the Empire Hotel from here？

— _________________.

[答案] Walking through the wood

[题目]— You needn' t do the work till after the New Year.

— _________________.

[答案] Oh, good! Thank you.

[题目]He is fond of playing ____ piano while his brother is interested in listening to ___

music.

[答案] the； /

[题目]Important ________ his discovery might be, it was regarded as a matter of no accountin his time.

[答案] as

[题目]_______ her and then try to copy what she does.

[答案] Watch

[题目]_______ tomorrow' s lessons, Frank has no time to go out with his friends.

[答案] Not having prepared

[题目]__________ these honours he received a sum of money.

[答案] Besides

[题目]A police officer claimed that the young man had attempted to __________ paying his fare.

[答案] avoid

[题目]I want to buy a ______ wallet for him.

[答案] small black leather

[题目]The young ______ interested in pop music.

[答案] are

[题目]This kind of material expands _________ the temperature increasing.

[答案] with

[题目]Will you _____ me a favor, please？

[答案] do

填写主题句

I. READ THE PASSAGE AND CHOOSE THE RIGHT SUB-TITLE (A-D) FOR EACH PARAGRAPH.

A. THE INEXACTITUDE OF LANGUAGE

B. PREVENTING MISUNDERSTANDINGS

C. INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

D. FOSTERING RESPECT

E. AVOIDING CONFLICTS

Para 1[答案 C]

Intercultural communication refers to messages transmitted between members of two or moredifferent societies. Effective intercultural communication helps firms avoid conflict, preventmisunderstandings, and foster respect.

Para 2[答案 E]

The workplace is growing more perse every day. Managers cannot assume that what theyfind inoffensive will also be inoffensive to their subordinates. A lack of sensitivity canlead to claims of discrimination or harassment, which costs firms big money. Interculturalcommunication involves exercising sensitivity and tact to avoid such conflicts.

Para 3[答案 A]

We human beings have developed language to communicate ideas to one another. Still, ourlanguage represents an imperfect form of communication. Sometimes, words cannot accuratelyconvey an idea, because the information might be highly complex. Also, a concept that existsin one culture or language might not be part of another. Effective intercultural communicationtries to bridge language gaps as effectively as possible so that everyone at the workplacefinds themselves on the same page.

Para 4[答案 B]

Given the inexactitude of language, misunderstandings can frequently arise between peoplefrom different cultures when they exchange information. Idioms often become lost in translation.

For example, the English expression to shoulder responsibility translates into Swedish as bea man for your hat. Intercultural communication does not rely on expressions native to aparticular language that could lead to confusion； rather, it relies on clear messages thatall parties understand.

Para 5[答案 D]

Communication happens differently in various cultures. What one society finds acceptablemay be anathema to another. When coworkers from different cultures do not take these differencesinto account, not only does communication suffer but conflicts come to the fore. Effectiveintercultural communication does not try to ignore societal differences； rather, it respectsthe variations among the human race and enables people to transmit information clearly.

选择题

Maggie Walker was born in 1867 in Richmond, Virginia. Her mother was once a slave in arich woman' s house. When Maggie was very young, a thief killed her father. Her family wasimpoverished, so Maggie' s mother started doing laundry in her home. Maggie had to help her.

She washed clothes every day, but she continued to go to school. She was a very good student,especially in math.

After Maggie graduated from high school, she got a job as a teacher. In 1886, she married

Armistead Walker. They had two sons and Maggie stayed home to care for them. She also volunteeredto help a social organization called the Order of St. Luke. This organization helped African

Americans take care of the sick and bury the dead. Maggie Walker loved the work of theorganization. The organization believed that African Americans should take care of each other.

Over the years, Maggie Walker had more and more responsibilities with the organization. In1895, she suggested that St. Luke begin a program for young people. This program became verypopular with schoolchildren. In 1899, Walk became Grand Secretary Treasurer of the St. Lukeorganization. However, because she was a woman, she received less than half the salary of theman who had the job before her.

The Order of St. Luke had a lot of financial difficulties when Walker took over. It hada lot of unpaid bills and only $31. 61 in the bank. But soon Maggie Walker changed all of that.Her idea was to get new members to join the Organization. In just a few years, it grew from

3, 400 members to 50, 000 members. The organization bought a $100, 000 office building andincreased its staff to 55. Now Walker was ready for her next big step.

1. Maggie' s father died[C].

[答案] C. when she was very young

2. Which of the following is NOT TRUE？ [B]

[答案] B. Maggie was once a slave.

3. Which of the following is TRUE？ [A]

[答案] A. Maggie loved to help other African Americans.

4. The word impoverished in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to[C].

[答案] C. poor

5. After Paragraph 4, the author will probably talk about Maggie' s[B].

[答案] B. next project

正误判断题

All communication begins with the sender and ends with the receiver. The sender isresponsible for successful conveyance. The sender' s personality, beliefs, cultural andeducational background all influence the message and it is important for the sender to be awareof this as he or she is encoding the message. Simply put, encoding is translating informationinto symbols that represent the ideas or concepts of the message that needs sending. Thesesymbols are usually words in written or spoken form. To ensure successful communication, thesender should know as much about his or her audience – the receiver – as possible in orderto focus and support the encoding process.

In addition to this awareness of self and encoding, the sender must choose the proper channelfor conveying the message. Using the wrong channel may result in miscommunication. Like thesender, receivers are influenced by internal factors： their personality, their receptivityto the message or their relationship to the sender. Additionally, their current feelings, mood,or state of mind can affect a message. Once the message moves through the channel, the receiverthen decodes it. The receiver uses his or her own experience and the context of the messageto interpret its meaning.

Feedback is the return message from the receiver to the sender. It is feedback that enablesthe sender to know whether the message was received successfully or not. Therefore it isessential to the communication process.

This process, though very common, is fraught with potential breakdown at every turn. Spokenor written language is inherently easy to misinterpret. In conclusion, effective and successfulCommunication takes place when the message is successfully received and the receiver providesthe sender with desirable feedback.

1. The sender' s gender also influences the message. [答案 F]

2. Encoding is a process that translating information into symbols which serve as the ideas

or concepts of the message that will be sent later. [答案 T]

3. These symbols are usually words and sentences in written form. [答案 F]

4. Channel is not crucial for conveying the message. [答案 F]

5. Feedbacks enable the sender to know whether the receiver has received the messagesuccessfully or not. [答案 T]

单元自测 6 试题及答案

题目为随机， 用查找功能（Ctrl＋F） 搜索题目

[题目]— Are you on holiday here？

— _________________.

[答案] No, we aren' t. We live here

[题目]— Do you mind if I read the newspaper on the table？

— _________________.

[答案] Go ahead, please

[题目]— Is it going to be warm next week？

— _________________.

[答案] Yes, it is

[题目]— What do you usually do in your spare time？

— _________________.

[答案] Reading

[题目]— What' s the fare to the museum？

— _________________.

[答案] Five dollars

[题目]Would you like something ______________？

[答案] to drink

[题目]_______________ is the population of Paris？

[答案] What

[题目]As the busiest woman there, she made ______________ her duty to look after all the otherpeople' s affairs in that town.

[答案] it

[题目]Before the final examination, some students have shown ______ of tension. They even havetrouble in sleeping.

[答案] signs

[题目]It was getting __________, he had to stop to have a rest.

[答案] darker and darker

[题目]It' s a good idea. But who' s is going to _______ the plan？

[答案] carry out

[题目]It' s bad _____ for you to smoke in the public places where smoking is not allowed.

[答案] behavior

[题目]The problem is not _____ so easy as you think. It' s far from being settled.

[答案] nearly

[题目]The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ______ the desert.

[答案] covering

[题目]The young actor who had been thought highly of _______ to be a great disappointment.

[答案] turned out

选择题

Charity is a concept which dates back to Biblical times, when helping the poor was somethingthat rich people basically did to make themselves feel good. Social work has its roots in charity,as it originally began around the time of the industrial revolution when there were many poorpeople and society was seeking a way of dealing with the poor and social problems. Althoughsocial work began as charity work, it has expanded a lot and needs to be seen from a completelydifferent perspective.

Modern-day social work deals not only with poverty and the subsequent problems, but alsowith the problems arising from various types of social fear (social phobias) and discriminationsuch as sexism, racism, and discrimination against an inpidual due to his age, or mentalor physical disabilities. Social workers deal with the consequences of these discriminationsas well as consequences that arise from sexual abuse, drug abuse, and various other problems.

Social work provides an important service to society. Inpiduals and families in need of helpare the focus of it, and are re ferred to as clients. Social workers help clients live aproductive life in their own community. In order to reach this goal, they often enlist theassistance of family members, relatives, local religious leaders, and other influential membersof the community. Although institutionalization may be necessary at times, it is a temporarysolution. Social workers usually serve in the front line, and reach out to the clients soonafter problems occur. The goal is to help clients return to normal life in a natural setting.

1. The charity originally means to[A] .

[答案] A. help the poor that makes the rich feel good.

2. When does social work begin？ [A]

[答案] A. around the time of the industrial revolution

3. Modern-day social work deals with the following problems except[C]？

[答案] C. education

4. In order to help clients live a productive life, social workers can turn to the assistance

of[答案 B] .

[答案] B. family members

5. Which statement about social work is NOT True？ [C]

[答案] C. Social work is that the rich people want to help the poor people.

选择题

Bill de Blasio ran for New York City mayor last year, he promised to end a controversial（有争议的） , citywide cell-phone ban（禁令） in public schools, which is not equally enforcedin all schools. Now, under his leadership, the city is preparing to end the ban. It will bereplaced by a policy that allows phones inside schools but tells students to keep them packedaway during class.

schools have a rule about enforcing the ban that says, If we don' t see it, we don' t knowabout it. That means teachers are OK with students bringing in cell phones, as long as theystay out of sight and inside bags and pockets.

But at the 88 city schools with metal detectors, die ban has been strictly enforced. Thedetectors were installed to keep weapon out of schools， but the scanners（扫描器） can alsodetect cell phones. So students at these schools must leave their phones at home or pay someoneto store it for them.

The ban was put into place in 2007 under mayor Michael Bloomberg. Ending the ban will alsolikely end an industry that has sprung up near dozens of the schools that enforce the ban.Workers in vans（厢式货车） that resemble food tracks store teens' cell phones and Other devicesfor a dollar a day,

Critics of the ban say cell phones are important safety devices for kids during an emergency.

They also say that enforcement of the ban is uneven and discriminatory. Where the ban is enforced,it puts a disadvantage on students who can' t afford to pay to store their phones.

Before putting an official end to the cell-phone ban, city education officials are workingon creating a new policy. It will include rules about not using the phones during class orto cheat on tests.

1. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage？ [C]

[答案] C. New York City will soon end a ban on cell phones in schools.

2. Students pay[A] a day to leave their cell phones in a van parked near their school.

[答案] A. a dollar

3. Metal detectors were installed in 88 city schools, mainly to keep[B] out of schools.

[答案] B. weapons

4. The word discriminatory in Paragraph 5 probably means[C].

[答案] C. unfair

5. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE？ [C]

[答案] C. A phone-storage industry has appeared outside the 88 metal-detector campuses.

正误判断

James Bush

35 West 9 Avenue

Pensacola, FL23506

P： (03) 86661234

M： 0651 222555

E： james. bush@hotmaill. com. us.

[Date]

Nick C. Brown

Hiring Manger

Saint Louis Mental Health Service

16 Mary Street

River Dale, IL 566077

Dear Mr. Brown,

I wish to apply for the position of Social Worker as advertised on seek. com. au. Pleasefind my resume attached.

For almost two years I have worked as Mental Health Case Manager for Truecare and theirHousing and Accommodation Support Initiative. During the time I have proven my ability to workwith an interdisciplinary team, and also developed interpersonal skills and strong professionalrelationships with clients, including inpiduals, families and community groups. In my workI have acquired a thorough understanding of the Mental Health Act of 2014 in relation to socialwork.

My duties have included providing psychosocial support to clients, in the form of one-on-onecounselling as well as group therapy； developing and overseeing treatment plans for clients；advising family caregivers； and consulting with doctors, therapists and medical professionals.I was awarded with the New Employee Achievement Award for my work on a difficult case in 2015.

My strong verbal and written communication skills have been well utilized in this role andI have also demonstrated solid organizational skills in my case management.I have a strong desire to make a positive difference in people' s lives and I believe Iwould be an asset to St Paul' s Hospital if given the opportunity.

If you require more information please contact me at the phone numbers above. I am availablefor interviews and hope to hear from you soon.

Yours sincerely

James Bush

1. James has almost two-year experiences of social work. [答案 T]

2. James provides psychosocial support to clients, in the form of group therapy. [答案 F]

3. James does not give advice to family caregivers. [答案 F]

4. James' s strong verbal and written communication skills have been well used in this position.[答案 T]

5. James believes he would be a valuable staff to St Paul' s Hospital if given the opportunity.[答案 T]

单元自测 7 试题及答案

题目为随机， 用查找功能（Ctrl＋F） 搜索题目

[题目]— Here you are, Sir.

— _________________.

[答案] Thank you very much

[题目]— May I speak to Prof . Li please？

— _________________.

[答案] I' m afraid you' ve got the wrong number

[题目]— So sorry to trouble you.

— _________________.

[答案] It' s a pleasure

[题目]— What does your English teacher look like？

— _________________.

[答案] She looks much like her mother

[题目]— Would you like a tea？

— _________________.

[答案] Yes, please

[题目]--Did the medicine make you feel better？

--No. The more __________, ___________ I feel.

[答案] medicine I take； the worse

[题目]Have you ever visited the Summer Palace, _____ there are many beautiful halls, ridgesand a huge lake？

[答案] where

[题目]How can he _____________ if he is not _____________？

[答案] hear； listening

[题目]It is not until you have lost your health _____________ you know its value.

[答案] that

[题目]It' s high time that he settled down in the country and __________ a new life.

[答案] started

[题目]The computer system ___________suddenly while he was searching for information on theInternet.

[答案] broke down

[题目]The film brought the hours back to me _________ I was taken good care of in that remotevillage.

[答案] when

[题目]The red flower goes from one to __________ in the class.

[答案] another

[题目]There' s lots of fruit _________ the tree. Our little cat is also in the tree.

[答案] on

[题目]Two days is not enough for him to finish the work. He needs __________ day.

[答案] a third

选择题

Imagine a school that expected its students to become literate(有读写能力的) without anyformal instruction. Most parents would be alarmed by such an approach, which would leave theirchildren confused and with gaps in their understanding. This however has been the philosophyon character development in many of our schools. Why is the development of character seen assomehow different from the other skills that we teach？

Of course there will always be learning by osmosis(耳濡目染) in any school, but as a teacherand primary school head I have found that a child' s moral literacy is strengthened when theyacquire the building blocks of good character such as consideration, courage and honor：qualities which are commonly known as virtue(美德) .

I personally find that exploring a virtue over a two-week period provides a simple andeffective program that allows for the creative input of both teacher and student and a chancefor the virtue to embed(使融入) itself. Once a lesson on a virtue such as honesty has beencompleted we need to allow time for children to practice this concept just as would be thecase with fractions or verbs. Allowing children to role play a situation such as making upexcuses to cover a mistake can be enormously interesting, and the drama can be frozen allowingthe characters to be questioned about their feelings and motives. It' s also a safe way forchildren to experience for themselves how a lie usually goes out of control.

Our role as educators is also to look for opportunities to help our students as they attemptto strengthen their characters. When something goes wrong we guide the young person to thevirtue that will prevent it from happening again. For instance, when am student thoughtlesslydisturbs the calm atmosphere of the library, instead of a response such as, that was reallydisrespectful and selfish of you! we draw out from them the required virtue： When you' re walkingthrough the library, what virtues do you need to use？

1. Which of the following is the main idea of this passage？ [B]

[答案] B. The author and his staff embed virtues into lessons and school life to encouragecharacter development in children.

2. We can infer from the first paragraph that[C].

[答案] C. the approach to character education is generally considered different from theapproaches to other skills

3. The word philosophy in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to[C].

[答案] C. viewpoint

4. The author is a[A].

[答案] A. teacher

5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a way to build character inchildren？ [A]

[答案] A. Story readings and discussions.

选择题

Respondent： Binhai People' s Hospital

Address： No 7, Binhai Road, Binhai City

The following answer is given to Zhang Hua' s claim for personal-injury compensation bythe Binhai People' s Hospital：

1. The respondent does not have a direct contractual relationship with Zhang Hua. ZhangHua had an oral contract to remove the high-voltage meter cabinet with Binhai No. 2 ConstructionInstallation Company on June 10, 2008. He was assigned by Binhai No. 2 Construction andInstallation Company and therefore has no direct contractual relationship with the respondent.

2. BinhaiNo. 2 Construction and Installation Company should be responsible forcompensating Zhang Hua for the following reasons. Firstly, according to PRC laws and relevantjudicial interpretations, Binhai No. 2 Construction and Installation Company shall beresponsible for any injury employees suffered in the contract performance. Secondly, ZhangHua seriously violated the operational procedure in removing the high-voltage meter cabinetand failed to pay due attention thereto.

3. The respondent shall not be responsible for compensating the injuries of Zhang Hua.

According to the General Principles of the Civil Law, any person engaged in highly dangerousoperations shall be responsible for compensation. In this case, the respondent entered intoa contract with Binhai No. 2 Construction and Installation Company, whereby the source of highdanger shifted to Binhai No. 2 Construction and Installation Company. Binhai No. 2 Constructionand Installation Company became the subject of the dangerous operation, and therefore anydamages caused in the contract performance by Binhai No. 2 Construction and Installation Companyhave no connection with the respondent.

Therefore, Binhai People' s Hospital is not liable for compensating Zhang Hua. We herebyrequest the court to reject the plaintiff' s action according to law.

To：Binhai City Intermediate People' s Court

Respondent： Binhai People' s Court

Date： May 10th, 2011

1. According to the plaintiff, [A] should be responsible for compensating Zhang Hua.

[答案] A. Binhai People' s Hospital

2. Zhang Hua had an oral contract with[B].

[答案] B. Binhai No. 2 Construction and Installation Company

3. The respondent stated[C]reasons to reject Zhang Hua' s claim.

[答案] C. 3

4. Zhang Hua himself[A]bear some responsibilities.

[答案] A. should

5. [C]was quoted by the respondent.

[答案] C. General Principles of the Civil Law

正误判断题

To： Guangzhou People' s Court

Plaintiff： Handcup Marketing

Domicile： No. 33, 4th Road, New York

Legal Representative： Qingguo Su

Position： Manager of Handcup Marketing

Defendant： South China Corporation

Domicile： No. 21 South Binjiang Road, Guangzhou

Legal Representative： Bai Mei

Position： Manager of the South China Corporation

CLAIMS：

1. To order the Defendant to pay to the Plaintiff 18, 000, 000 RMB, including 15, 000, 000 RMBfor the dispatched products and 3, 000, 000 RMB for the interest.

2. To order the Defendant to pay for the court fees.

FACTS AND REASONS：

The defendant is the plaintiff' s distributor in Southern China. From September 2010 toOctober 2011, the plaintiff issued all kinds of products worth 15,000,000 RMB to the defendant.（see Exhibit I）

Each of the said transactions was signed and received by the defendant (see Exhibit II) .

Although the plaintiff had repeatedly requested, the defendant failed to pay the debt on time.

The indebtedness arising out of the transactions between the plaintiff and the defendant shallbe under the legal power of Chinese laws. The defendant refused to accept mediation. Theplaintiff is now facing huge economic losses (see Exhibit III) . Therefore, in accordance withrelevant Chinese laws and regulations, the defendant should bear corresponding civilresponsibility.

According to Articles 106 and 112 in the PRC General Civil Law, Article 108 in the PRCCivil Procedural Law and other related laws and regulations, the plaintiff hereby files thiscase with the court for your adjudication.

Plaintiff： Handcup Marketing

Date： May 14th, 2012

ATTACHMENTS：

1. One copy of the plaintiff' s business license；

2. One copy of the original Certificate of the Legal Representative；

3. One copy of the original Power of Attorney；

4. Exhibit I： Invoices for each transaction；

5. Exhibit II： Receipts for each transaction；

6. Exhibit III： List of losses.

1. Handcup Marketing is suing South China Corporation of not paying for the transactions. [答案 T]

2. Qingguo Su is a lawyer. [答案 F]

3. The plaintiff has got well prepared before filing the lawsuit. [答案 T]

4. The plaintiff didn' t know which laws and regulations should be applied in this case. [答案 F]

5. The defendant owed the plaintiff RMB 15, 000, 000 for the dispatched products. [答案 T]

单元自测 8 试题及答案

题目为随机， 用查找功能（Ctrl＋F） 搜索题目

[题目]— Have you ever been to Tokyo？

— ___________.

[答案] No, but I hope to go there next year

[题目]— How are you feeling now？

— ____________.

[答案] Much better

[题目]— How long will you be away from Italy？

— __________.

[答案] About a month

[题目]— What time does the train leave？

— ___________.

[答案] At half past five

[题目]— What' s the weather like in this area？

— ____________.

[答案] It' s rainy

[题目]_____________ no need _____________ the radio as I' m used to studying with it on.

[答案] There' s； turning off

[题目]All students are required to translate this poem ________English into Chinese.

[答案] from

[题目]By the year 2020, China' s population probably _____1. 4 billion.

[答案] will have reached

[题目]He studied hard at school when he was young, ______contributed a lot to his success.

[答案] which

[题目]He would be studying at the university now if he _____the entrance examination.

[答案] had passed

[题目]How much has the company _______ this year？

[答案] brought in

[题目]In ________, the northerners have a particular liking for dumplings while the southernersare fond of rice.

[答案] general

[题目]It is no use ______ to remember only grammar rules.

[答案] trying

[题目]The old houses are being pulled down to _______ a new office block.

[答案] make room for

[题目]This overcoat cost ______. What' s more, they are _____small for me.

[答案] too much； much too

选择题

Is that 6 a. m. wokeout getting in the way of good sleep？ Don't think your fat cells won' tnotice. A new study published in The Annals of Internal Medicine (a medical journal) findsthat inadequate shut-eye has a harmful effect on fat cells, reducing their ability to respondto insulin (胰岛素) by about 30 percent. Over the long-term, this decreased response couldset the stage for type-2 diabetes (a medical condition in which someone has too much sugarin his or her blood) , fatty liver disease and weight gain.

The study adds to a growing body of evidence that there' an intimate relationship betweenthe amount of sleep we get and our ability to maintain a good, healthy body weight, says sleepexpert Helene Emsellem, director of the Center for Sleep and Wake Disorders in Chevy Chase,Maryland. But Americans don' t seem to be getting the message that we need seven to nine hourspar night. More than 1 in 5 of us, according to a report from the Centers for Disease Controland Prevention, is getting six or fewer hours of sleep per night, on average.

So how did researchers study fat cells in the Annals paper？ Matthew Brady of the Universityof Chicago and a group of colleagues selected and persuaded seven volunteers to take part inthe research project. They were all young, thin and healthy and agreed to sleep for eight nightsin a sleep lab. For four nights they were allowed to stay in bed for 8. 5 hours a night, saysBrady. Then, a month later, they came back for four additional nights——but this time theywere allowed just 4. 5 hours of sleep per night. And after each visit, researchers got a sampleof their fat. Brady explains that the fat cells responded significantly to the loss of sleep.

I was very surprised to be honest, he says.

Bad things can happen when fat cells become less responsive to insulin. Fat cells areactually your friend, he says. They' re there to store lipids (血脂) . When lipids stay insidethe cells, your body can utilize the fat when you' re exercising or sleeping or going aboutyour day. However, when fat cells stare to become insulin resistant, the lipids star to leachout of the fat cells and rise in the bloodstream, Brady says.

1. According to the passage, lack of sleep for a long while can probably lead to all of thefollowing EXCEPT[A].

[答案] A. heart disease

2. The main idea of the third paragraph is[C].

[答案] C. how the research was conducted

3. What does the leach in the last paragraph probably mean？ [C]

[答案] C. Leak.

4. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage？ [B]

[答案] B. More and more studies are done to study the link between sleep and weight.

5. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage？ [B]

[答案] B. Sleep Experts Had Exciting Findings in a Fat Study

选择题

ALTERNATIVE LEGAL BILLING – WIN STRATEGIES

Hourly billing is the best way to be charged for legal services. About 95 percent of lawyersstill perform their legal work on an hourly basis. If you want something better than the oldbill by the hour deal, try presenting one of these billing structures.

PROJECT BILLING FOR ROUTINE ISSUES

If your legal needs include large but repetitive tasks, consider a flat-fee approach. Onceyou get a project billing estimate, don' t hesitate to shop around to compare prices and serviceswith other law firms. A firm may provide a better deal if it expects future work from yourcompany.

RESULTS-ORIENTED OPTIONS

Pay-according-to-success is one choice. It considers fees based on the outcome of the caseand the performance of your counsel. Contingency fees turn the matter into a shared risk orshared encouragement, making the law firm your business partner, not just representation.

MULTI-LAYERED TASKS

If you' re shopping for a firm for actual legal work involving a number of legal specialties,consider using blended hourly fees. The firm calculates in advance an average rate based onthe anticipated time each lawyer spends on the matter.This arrangement helps the client to avoid paying a senior partner' s hourly rate forresearch that should be conducted by a junior associate.

Legal Insurance

The contract fee allows the client to pick up the phone and talk to the lawyer withoutneeding to eye the clock. This approach works like a legal insurance policy. It encouragescompanies to contact their counsel on non-litigation, non-crisis matters, and to save moneyin the long run by engaging in more preventive legal action.

1. [B]is the best way to be charged for legal services.

[答案] B. Hourly billing

2. A flat-fee approach[A].

[答案] A. is suitable for repetitive tasks

3. [C]make the law firm share your risk and encouragement.

[答案] C. Contingency fees

4. Legal work involving a number of legal specialties should consider using[A].

[答案] A. blended hourly fees

5. You have to eye the clock when you talk to the lawyer when you choose[B].

[答案] B. the old bill by the hour deal

正误判断题

NEW YORK – The five men facing trial in the Sept. 11 attacks will plead not guilty. Theywould state their criticisms of U.S. foreign policy, the lawyer for one of the defendants saidSunday.

Scott Fenstermaker, the lawyer for accused terrorist Ali Abd al-Aziz Ali, said the menwould not deny their role in the 2001 attacks but would explain what happened and why theydid it.

Ali and four other men are accused of killing nearly 3, 000 people in the nation' s deadliest

terrorist attack. The U. S. Justice Department announced earlier this month that they will facea civilian federal trial just blocks from the World Trade Center site.

Ali is also known as Ammar al-Baluchi. He is a nephew of claimed 9/11 planner, Khalid SheikhMohammed.

Mohammed, Ali and the others will explain their assessment of American foreign policy,Fenstermaker said.

Their assessment is negative, he said.

Fenstermaker met with Ali last week at the U. S. prison at Guantanamo Bay in Cuba. He hasnot spoken with the others. But he said the men have discussed the trial among themselves.

Fenstermaker was first quoted in The New York Times in Sunday' s editions.

Critics of Attorney General Eric Holder decided to try the men in a New York City civiliancourthouse. It has warned that the trial would provide the defendants with a propagandaplatform.

Dean Boyd, a spokesman for the Department of Justice, said Sunday that while the men mayattempt to use the trial to express their views, we believe the courts and the federal judgemay govern the trial. The course of justice will be led appropriately and with minimal break,as federal courts have done in the past.

1. The five men thought that the U. S. foreign policy should be blamed for the 911 attack. [答案 T]

2. Scott Fenstermaker is the lawyer for Ali Abd al-Aziz Ali and four other men. [答案 F]

3. Nearly 3, 000 people were killed in the 911 attack. [答案 T]

4. The press didn' t care about this civilian federal trial. [答案 F]

5. We can infer from the article that the prisoners also have their freedom to express theirown views in the U. S. A. [答案 T]

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