2016年高考艺体生文化课百日冲刺·英语：专题4 动词和动词词组

2016年高考艺体生文化课百日冲刺·英语

专题四 动词和动词词组(动词短语)

【命题趋势探秘】

考查内容 命题[来源:学+动词辨析 ☆☆☆ 语法填空，单项填空，完形填动词短语[来源:学_科_网][来源:Z#xx#k.Com] 科+网Z+X+X+K][来源:学科网ZXXK] 考查热度 考查题型 ☆☆☆ 语法填空，单项填空，完形填空，短文改错 1—3分 规律科网ZXXK][来源:学 所占分值 空，短文改错 1—3分 1. 从近年全国及各地对动词的考查试题看，高考试题对动词的考查重点是：1)考查特定语境中常见动词的词义辨析；2)形近异义词的辨析；3)形异近义词的辨析。 命题 2. 高考试题对动词短语的考查形式多样，试题可以是题干给出动词，考查与趋势 不同介词的搭配，也可以是题干给出介词，考查不同的动词搭配，或给出四个同一动词构成的不同动词短语，同一介词与不同动词构成的短语，有时所给四个动词短语的动词或介词都不相同。综观近几年各地高考对动词短语的考查可以看出，重点在于take,look,pick,bring,come,break,make,go,get,turn及come构成的短语。

【高频考点聚焦】

动词的形式包括动词原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词，从动词的含义划分，可分为实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词；从动词所作句子成分划分，可分为谓语动词和非谓语动词；按是否带宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词，按动作的发展划分，分为瞬间动词和延续性动词。

本讲只涉及动词及动词短语的词义辨析，包括动词搭配、常见动词与动词短语的含义，以及高频动词的用法归纳。

◇考点1动词的记忆和辨析

【基础知识梳理】

动词一直是高考试题的命题热点和重点，注重从下面几个方面设题：1)形式相似的动词之间的辨析，如lie,lay;find,found;rise,raise,arise;sit,seat等；2)意义相近的动词之间的辨析，如lend, borrow; speak,say,talk; hope,wish等；3)意义不同，但容易混淆的动词的辨析，如discover,invent, recover等；4)考纲要求掌握的不常见动词，如expose, sacrifice, substitute, simplify等。 【核心考点讲练】

一．高考高频动词归类与辨析 1.arise，rise，raise， arise rise raise arouse vi.呈现；出现；发生+ out of/from sth因某事物而产生、造成、引起。 vi.(物体借助自身的力量)上升，升起；(河水、物价等)上涨。 vt.举起，升起(某物)。 vt.引起，激起，唤起；唤醒。 【一语巧记】

The accident, which has aroused our attention, arose when the students were on the playing-ground watching the national flag being raised against the rising sun.这起事故引起了我们的关注。事故发生的时候，学生们正在操场上注视着国旗在冉冉升起的太阳下升起。 2.fit, suit, match fit suit match vt. 形状及大小对(某人)合适，合身；大小适合装入某处。 vt. (指衣物的颜色、款式等)合身；合(某人)的心意。 vt. (指衣物间的搭配)相配，搭配协调；与(某事物)相似﹑相称﹑相符合或相一致。 【一语巧记】

The clothes aren’t a nice fit, and don’t fit me very well, but the style suits me, and the color matches my shirt perfectly, so I decide to take it. The price doesn’t suit me fine, though.这衣服我穿着不太合身，但其款式适合我，颜色也跟我的衬衣的颜色搭配非常好，我决定买下。不过，这价格不太合我的意。

3.appreciate, acknowledge, recognize appreciate vt. 欣赏； 感激；充分理解。 acknowledge vt. 承认，供认；告知收到；对??打招呼；答谢。 recognize 【一语巧记】

vt. 正式承认，认可；感激；赏识；表彰。 The firm will recognize Tom's outstanding work by holding a party in his honor, and I I would appreciate it if you could come and attend it.公司决定为Tom举办一个晚会，以表彰他杰出的工作。我希望您能来参加。 4. disturb, trouble, bother, annoy disturb trouble bother annoy interrupt vt. “打扰，扰乱”，常用来指某种行为无意间干扰了别人。 vt. 使(某人)忧虑﹑苦恼﹑痛苦或不便；打扰。 vt.1)“使烦扰，打扰”，常表示刻意去打断对方；2)操心(常用于否定句)。 vt.“使烦恼”。 “打断，中断”，多指由于某种外界因素而停下来，中断其连续性或为了某种目的而停下来，但不表明这种停止是否会继续下去。 【一语巧记】

Tom interrupted my work, which made me annoyed, but Mary told me not to bother about his words.汤姆打断了我的工作，这让我很恼火，不过，玛丽叫我别为他说的话自寻烦恼。 5. abandon, abolish, desert abandon abolish desert 【一语巧记】

After the accident, many people abandoned their homes, and the town was almost deserted. 这起事故之后，很多人都离开了他们的家，这个小镇几乎空无一人了。 6. acquire, get, gain, obtain, achieve get obtain gain acquire 概括性最强，为一般用语，指“得到某种东西”。 较正式用语, 常指“通过自身的努力、工作或技能等而得到所需的东西”。 往往指通过努力或有意识的行动而获得有益的东西。 多指经过一段时间的努力而获得，获得的内容多是抽象的东西， 并且一旦获得很难失去，如知识等。 achieve 指通过努力取得，达到，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。 vt. 遗弃，抛弃；离弃，逃离(某地方或交通工具)；放弃。 vt. 废止；废除。 vt. 离弃(一地方)，放弃；离弃(某人)。 【一语巧记】

Finally he’s managed to get a chance to go to the training course, where he is sure to acquire some knowledge before achieving his aim.最后，他设法找到个机会进入培训班，在那里他一定会获得知识，然后实现自己的目标。 7. inspect, investigate, observe, examine, check examine check observe investigate inspect 【一语巧记】

I observed that he checked the answer carefully before handing in the exercise.我注意到，他仔细检查了答案之后才把练习交上来。 8. advise, persuade, suggest, convince advise vt.表示“建议、劝告”，与结果无关，接名词或代词、动名词(advise doing)、不定式复合结构(sb to do)、that从句(从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气) persuade vt. 表示“劝服”， 强调劝说“成功”，常用persuade sb to do sth.和persuade sb into doing sth. suggest vt. 表示“提议、建议”，接名词、动名词、疑问词+不定式短语和从句，接从句要用虚拟语气，不能接不定式和复合宾语 convince 【一语巧记】

When I asked him to advise me on how to persuade my parents to approve my plan, he suggested that I should first convince them of my competence.我向他讨教，如何才能说服我的父母同意我的计划，此时他建议说，我首先应该让他们相信我的能力。 9. demand, require, inquire, negotiate demand(1)含义：都表示“要求”，有时可换用，如：They demand/require my presence.vt. 表示“使确信，使信服”，表示“相信、信服”用be convinced that/of sth 仔细观察，检查；调查；盘问；审问。是检查的一般用词。 检查、核对，以求没有失误。。 看到，注意到；观察，监测。表示观察。 指为求得案件等的事实而调查、研究。 检查，视察。指为查找过失或缺陷而加以调查。 与require 他们要求我在场。 但demand 通常指坚持其应该有或必要的东西，暗示要求者有权这样做，常有命令之意；require 通常指按照法律、规章、规定、惯例、环境等提出要求，其客观性较强。 (2)结构：1) demand/require接that引导的宾语从句，从句用“(should＋)动词原形”的虚拟语气结构 2)demand接不定式作宾语，不接动名词，不可说demand sb to do sth；require通常不接非谓语动词作宾语，常用require sb to do sth inquire negotiate vt. 打听，询问 v.谈判，协商，商定 【一语巧记】

When I inquired him about the deadline, he told me that it was demanded that the paper be handed in before Friday, and no one could negotiate about this rule.我询问最后期限的时候他告诉我，按要求这论文必须在星期五之前交，谁也不能就此讨价还价。 10. announce, declare, broadcast与publish announce 指正式地宣告，公布；郑重地说，大声而肯定地说（尤指别人不喜欢的事情） declare broadcast publish 正式宣布；声称，宣称，说出自己所想的 (通过无线电)广播；散布，使广为传播 公布，公开（官方消息）；发表；出版 11. beat, strike与hit beat strike hit 普通用词，含义广泛，指连续击打，也指在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方 通常表示打一下，打若干下，不一定都是有意的 指打中，对准……来打，着重敲打或打击对方的某一点 12. speak, talk, say与tell speak “说话”，作不及物动词时，通常指说话的能力和方式；作及物动词时，其后的宾语为某种语言。speak to sb.表示“同某人说话” talk “谈话，谈论”，指相互之间的谈话，一般作不及物动词，talk to/wit：与??交谈”；talk of/about：谈及某人或某事 say “说出”“说过”，及物动词，强调说的内容 “讲述”“告诉” (1)指把一件事或一个故事讲出来，如tell the truth说tell

实话，tell a story讲故事。(2)接双宾语结构或复合宾语结构。如tell sb. (about) sth；tell sb.（not）to do sth. 13. Cost,take,pay,spend

spend 主语必须是“人”，宾语为钱、精力、时间等，接on+名词或用(in+)动名词形式，不接不定式 pay “支付”，表示“花钱做某事”，完整的结构是pay sb money for sth，可根据句意省略sb、money或for sth cost 主语不是指人而是指事物，1)表示做某事花费时间、钱等，后接life, money, health, time等； 2)表示“使失去(生命、健康、机会等)”。如：It costs you nothing to be polite.讲礼貌不会让你有任何损失。 take 1)“花费”，其主语一般是物，有时主语也可以是人，说明事情完成“花费了” 2)“需要”，表示“为了做成某事需要某种品质、努力等”。如：It takes great courage to say sorry to him.要向他道歉需要极大的勇气。 14. Seize,take,catch与hold seize take catch hold 指突然抓住某物，强调突然的猛烈动作 指用手抓、取某东西或控制某物 指捉住跑动或隐藏中的人或动物 抓住，夹住，表状态 15. adopt、adapt与adjust adapt adjust adopt 使适应;改编 调整;调节;校正 收养;采用;采纳 16. book、reserve与order，都含有“订，定”之意 book reserve order 预定；定(房间、车票等)，如:book a hotel room/ticket 预定[约]；租定(座位, 房间等)，如reserve a table at a restaurant 指书面下定单，以及在餐馆点菜，如collect an order提取定货 17. Become,get,go与turn

become 侧重强调结果，即由一种状态变为另一种状态。不用become来谈论有目的的行动 get 1)侧重强调结果，与become换用；2)与表示“使??，让??”的含义的使役动词的过去分词连用表动作，如:get lost/ broken/dressed/married等 go 用在形容词之前来谈论变化，在一些表示向坏的变化的常用词组中用go不用get，如go wrong，肉食等变质；与old，tired和ill连用时要用get，而不用go turn 多用于看得见的或注目的状态变化，如:go red；可接名词或形容词表示变换职业等 18. Include,contain

contain 1) “包含”，多指物的自然属性；2) 克制(强烈的感情)；抑制，阻止；3) “盛，装” include “包括”，多与主观因素有关 Jane couldn’t contain her amusement a moment longer.简再也忍俊不禁。

The letter contained information about Boulestin's legal affairs.这封信含有关于布理斯汀法律事务的重要信息。 【典例1】（2015·江苏）

Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to to their greatest potential.

A. accelerate B. improve C. perform D. develop 【答案】D

【解析】句意：学校应该是一个活跃的场所在这里学生个体被鼓励发挥他们最大的潜能。本题考查的是动词辨析，A：加速；B：提高；C：履行；D：发展，发挥，结合句意，故选D。

【典例2】（2014·湖北）Seeing the big crowd coming towards him, he started to run down the hill, but ______ and went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow. A. slipped B. skied C. signalled D. sank

解析：句意：看到一大群人奔他而来，他开始往山下跑，但是他脚下一滑，四肢着地倒在融化了的雪中。slip“滑(倒)；溜走”符合句意。ski“滑雪”；sink“下降；沉没；缓慢下陷或倒下”；signal“发送信号；标志着”。 答案：A

【技巧点拨】注意熟词生义

有些常见词汇在不同的语境中表示不同的含义，或者说，试题中所填的词汇是考生熟悉的，但是其在语境中涉及的含义是不常见的。此时要注意把握语境，平时复习的时候要注意全面掌握考纲词汇的常见含义。

1)affect 1)使感动，使产生强烈的情感；2) 影响，疾病侵袭 Smoking affected his health.抽烟影响了他的健康。

We were deeply affected by the news of her death.她去世的消息使我们都深感悲痛。 2)bring 引起，造成，导致

The minister’s speech brought an angry reaction from the Teachers’ Association.部长的话激起了教师协会的愤怒。

What brings you here?什么风把你给吹来了？

His words brought tears to my eyes.他的话让我热泪夺眶而出。

Thanks for bringing this mistake to our attention/notice.谢谢你提醒我们注意这一错误。 3)cost使失去(生命、健康、机会等)

The patient’s dangerous condition cost the doctors and nurses many a sleepless night.这个病人的危险状态使医生和护士好几夜不曾合眼。

4) cover 1)包括；涉及；论及；2)走完(一段路程)，多完(多少书)，包含(多大面积)；3)处理，对待，4)报道(新闻事件)；5)够支付(开支、费用)

They were hoping to cover 40 miles yesterday.他们昨天计划走40英里。

The course covers all aspects of business and law.这门课程涵盖商业和法律的方方面面。 The policy will cover any medical expense that you have while you’re abroad.这份保单承保你在国外的所有医疗费用。

cover for 1)代替某人的工作；2)替??打掩护，找借口

Who’s going to cover for you when you’re on holiday?你度假期间谁接替你的工作？ 5)develop 发展；患上(某种疾病)，逐渐养成(某习惯)；冲洗(胶卷) Unfortunately my grandma developed cancer.不幸的是，奶奶患上了癌症。 6)escape v. 被遗忘；未被注意

escape one’s attention/notice被某人忽视

there’s no escaping (the fact)不可否认的是，毫无疑问

I’ve met him before,but his name escapes me.我以前见过他，但想不起他的名字了。 7) meet 满足(某人的愿望、条件、需要等)；支付，偿付(费用)

I can’t figure out why what I have done never seems to meet his satisfaction.我不明白，为什么我做什么都难以让他满意。

8)poduce 引起，造成，产生(结果)；拿出，出示

New medicines are producing remarkable results in the treatment of cancer.新的药物在治疗癌症方面正产生着显著的成果。

He produced a box from his pocket. 他从口袋里掏出一个盒子。 9)recognize 正式承认，认可；感激，赏识，表彰

The firm recognized Tom's outstanding work by giving him an extra award.公司给汤姆额外的奖励，以表彰他杰出的工作。

10)reach 使收听到/收看到(信息、节目等)；(通过电话号码)与??联系

Here’s my phone number, in case you need to reach me.如果你需要和我联络，这是我的电话号码。

The sales campaign reached a target audience of 12,000 women.促销活动以某些女性为对象，涉及到1.2 万人。

10)recover v.重新获得，找回(丢失/被窃等的物品)

The thief was caught, but my bike was never recovered.窃贼被抓获了，但是我的自行车一直没有找到。

二．常用动词的其他相关用法 1.接双宾语的动词

有些动词要接双宾语，用“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”，或“动词+直接宾语+for/to+间接宾语”。其中，动作的直接承受者是直接宾语，而间接承受者(人)是间接宾语，即“动词+sb+sth”。如：

She paid a dealer 2,000 for that car. 她用2千英镑从汽车行买的这辆汽车。 He taught me (how) to drive. 他教我开汽车。

常见的接双宾语的动词有：pay(花钱),buy(买), read(读),offer(提出), teach(教),do(做), set(示范),promise(答应),tell(告诉),relate(告诉，讲),give(给),show(给??看),wish(愿望),return(归还),ask(要求),pass(传),hand(传递)等。

【巧学妙记顺口溜】“宾宾”花钱买书看，提出教书做示范；答应告诉给你看，愿望还要代代传。 2.连系动词

英语常用连系动词的记忆口诀：“连系”证明升降变，起来保持不动弹。即： 证明：work out, turn out, prove； 升降：rise, fall； 变化：become, turn, go, get, grow；

??起来：表示“听起来，看上去”等含义：sound, feel, smell, taste, look, seem, appear 保持：remain, keep,stay (warm); 不动弹：lie, sit (still)(即表示保持某种状态的系动词) She knew she had to keep calm and still until the enemy went away from her hiding cave. 她知道，自己必须保持冷静，不能晃动，直到敌人从她藏身的山洞走开。

A shortage of public vehicles remains a serious problem.公交车辆的短缺依然是个很严重的问题。

3.表示“据??说”的动词与句式转换

有些动词可以用“it be+过去分词+that从句”，也可以用“主语+be+过去分词+不定式”，如果该不定式的动作先于谓语发生，不定式用完成式形式。即：sb is+过去分词+to do/to have done，it is +过去分词+that从句。如：

It is reported that many a new house is being built at present in the disaster area.据报道，目前在这个灾区人们正在修建很多新房。(高考例句)

Many a new house is reported to be being built at present in the disaster area.

能用于这两个句型转换的常见动词有：say(说),report(报道),know(知道), announce(宣布), consider(想/认为), think(认为), believe(相信)这几个动词。 4.用主动语态表示被动含义的常用动词

英语有些及物动词在表示事物的性状功能时，用作不及物动词，此时就用不及物动词形式接well、easily等副词。常见的这种动词有：read(读),write(写),cut(剪),wear(穿), wash(洗),open(开), shut/close(关),sell(卖), lock(锁),translate(译)等。 5.用于“谓语+sb+of+sth”结构的动词

用于“谓语+sb+of+sth”结构的主要有下面这些动词：

inform(通知),advise(通知),tell(告诉),remind(提醒),cure(治愈),heal(治愈),cheat(欺骗),warn(警告),convince(说服，使信服),suspect(怀疑),accuse(控告),rob(抢劫)等。 How can I convince you (of her honesty)? 我怎样才能使你相信（她很诚实）呢? What made you suspect her of having taken the money? 你凭什么怀疑钱是她偷的?

【典例1】（2014·江西) He is thought ___foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job .

A. to act B. to have acted C. acting D. having acted

解析：句意：大家觉得他的举止有点笨，如今他丢了这个工作，怪不得别人呢，只能怪自己了。本题考查非谓语动词，但要正确解题必须理解动词think的用法：用在“主语+be+过去分词+不定式”结构，如果该不定式的动作先于谓语发生，不定式用完成式形式，因此选B。

答案：B

【典例2】（2015·安徽）If you come to visit China, you will ______ a culture of amazing depth and variety.

A. develop B. create C. substitute D. experience

解析：句意：如果你来访问中国，你将会体验到一种博大精深的文化。D. experience 经历，体验。 develop 发展 creat 创造 substitute 替代。

答案：D

【技巧点拨】注意动词搭配，辨析动词搭配的错误

英语中有许多动词可以和其他词类组成固定搭配，这些固定搭配是高考中的命题重点。如果平时不注意积累和总结，就很容易造成没有必要的错误。这里把近几年高考试卷上经常出现的一些动词的固定搭配做一总结。 1.动词+宾语+ for

ask(要求),blame(责备),criticize(批评),excuse(原谅),forgive(原谅),mistake(误认为),praise (称赞),punish(惩罚),recommend(推荐),remember(记得),reward(报答),search(搜查),scold(责备),take(当作),thank(感谢),turn to(求助于) 2.动词+宾语+ from

bring(携带)；choose(挑选)； excuse(使??免除)；remove(移去)； keep(阻止)；prevent(阻止)；protect(保护)；save(拯救)；separate(分离)等。 3.动词+宾语+ in

gain(增加)；employ(花费时间、精力等)；encourage(鼓励)；invest(投资、买)；involve(使陷入、使承担) 4.动词+宾语+ into

argue(说服)；force(强迫)；persuade(劝说)；reason(说服)；talk(说服)； frighten(惊吓)。 5.动词+宾语+ of

accuse(控告)； assure(确信)；cheat(骗取)； cure(治愈)； ease(缓和、减轻)；inform(告知)； relieve(解除)；remind(提醒)；rid(从??去除)；rob(抢夺)； warn(警告) 6.动词+宾语+ on

congratulate(祝贺)； force(强迫)

7.动词+宾语+ with

arm(使装备)；busy(忙于)；charge(指控)；combine(结合)；compare(比较)；confuse(混淆)； familiarize(使熟悉)；fill(充满、装满)；furnish(装备、供给)；help(帮助)；load(装载)；present(赠送)；provide(供应)；serve(供给)； supply(供应)；trouble(使烦恼、打扰)；trust(委托)

8.动词+宾语+ by (on, in) +身体部位

catch(抓住)；hit(打中)；pull(拉)；shake(握住)；seize(抓住)； strike(打、敲)；take(抓住)

◇考点2热点动词短语归纳

【基础知识梳理】

对动词短语的考查是历年高考的一个热点，而且考查面广、灵活度强，每年全国各地高考试题都会在各题型中考查核心词汇中常用动词短语。

对动词短语的考查中，有些是所给动词相同，如考查come、call、look构成的短语，有的是所给介词相同，如考查out、with、down、up to、up with构成的动词短语；还有些则是所给四个动词短语及介词搭配都不一样，而且其含义也没有相同或相似之处，也就是说，考查的重点是对句意和动词短语含义的理解与把握。 【核心考点讲练】 1. 动词搭配的常见形式

动词短语的考查侧重意义，侧重辨析，注意掌握常考动词短语。 1)动词+介词。如：

enter for报名参加 hear of听说 hear from收到某人来信 look for寻找 2)动词—+副词。如：

break out爆发 see off送行 look up查阅；向上看 break down分解 3)动词+副词+介词。如：

catch/keep up with赶上 go in for从事 get along (on) with相处，进展 go away with侥幸逃脱 get down to开始，着手 keep away from远离，回避

look forward to盼望 put up with容忍 make up for补偿，弥补 4)动词+名词+介词。如：

pay attention to注意 take care of关心，照顾 make fun of捉弄

make room for为??腾出空地 make use of使用，利用 find fault with挑剔 5)系动词+形容词+介词。如：

be interested in对??感兴趣 be curious about好奇 be tired of厌倦 6)动词+宾语+介词。如：

remind sb of提醒某人某事 keep/prevent/stop sb from doing阻止某人做某事 7)动词+反身代词+介词。如：

help oneself to随便吃/拿 occupy oneself with忙于 throw oneself to投身于 2.部分高频动词短语的固定搭配及含义 1)break

break away from突然逃脱，挣脱(束缚)

break down(机器)停止运转；失效；(某人健康状况) 变得恶劣；垮；感情失去控制；瓦解；分解，降解

break in(副词)/into(介词) 闯入；打断，插话 break off 中断，突然终止

break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生；爆发 

break up (物理)分解；解散；驱散；变得衰弱；(将某物)击碎；打碎；与某人绝交  break through有重要创见；突破，突围，克服 break oneself of the habit of摆脱??习惯 break one’s promise.违背诺言 2)bring

bring about 导致，使发生

bring back送回(某人/物)；回想起某事物；为某人带回某物 bring down使(飞行器)着陆/落下；打死或打伤；降低价格等 bring forward把??提前；提交讨论

bring in逮捕；聘请；获得好收成；(使某人)获得利润或收入

bring out使某人的（品质）显现；使某事物出现或开放；生产；出版；阐明 bring up培养, 养育；提出；呕吐

bring…under control. 控制

bring an end to sth/ bring sth to an end)结束，终结 3)call

call at 到??作短暂拜访 call for 需要，要求 call in 召集，来访 call off 取消

call on/upon sb to do sth号召某人做某事 call on 拜访某人 call up 使回想起 4)carry

carry on继续(做某事) carry out实施; 执行

carry (sb/sth) through帮助某人度过难关；成功地完成某事物 5)catch

catch up with 赶上某人 be caught (up) in被卷入或陷入 catch sight of看见

catch a glimpse/glimpses of瞥见 catch hold of抓住，抓牢 6)come

come across被理解；被传达；偶然遇见或发现 come over拜访；过来；改变立场

come out(指太阳﹑月亮等）露出，出现；(指花朵等)开始长出，开花；出版或发表；(指消息等)传出，透露；(指照片)显影，洗出；(在考试等中)得某名次 come back回来；再次流行；回想起

come down坍塌；落下；(指价格、温度等)降低；下降；沦落为 come down to归结为come down with因某病病倒 come in比赛取得的名次；流行；收入 come to：苏醒；总数为，结果是；涉及，谈到

come to one's rescue来解救某人 come to an end结束 come into effect/force生效

come into being/existence开始存在，建立 come to a conclusion/decision得出结论/做出决定 come into power开始执政

come up(植物)长出地面；被提及；被讨论；出现；发生 come up with找到或提出(答案﹑办法等) come off脱落，掉下来; 成功 come upon偶然遇见或发现 cut开心专练

cut away切除，剪去，破掉

cut down减少；夺去某人生命；减少消耗 cut in超车抢道

cut in on/cut into打断；打搅

cut off in the middle of our conversation. 切断(电话线路)；阻碍或阻断；使与外界隔绝 cut out停止使用 cut up切碎 8)fall

Fallbehind 落后；落在…的后面 fall in掉入；跌入；(债务)到期

fall into落入；流入；养成；分成；进入(某种状态)，陷入 fall off跌落；数量下降；降低

fall on/upon落在；落到??身上；适逢；偶然碰到/发现 fall short of达不到，不符合 9)get

get about/around走动；(消息等)传开 get across (使)被了解，(将??)讲清楚 get along with 进展/相处融洽

get away 走开；逃脱；(+with)做了坏事而逃脱责罚

get down 下来；写下；使沮丧；(+to)着手做 get hold of 抓住，掌握 get in 进入，抵达；收获

get into 对??发生兴趣；卷入；(使)进入 get off (从??)下来；出发

get on 上(车，马等)；进展(+to)转话题 get over从(疾病等)中恢复；克服，解决

get through 完成；度过；通过；讲清楚；打通电话 get to到达

get rid of摆脱，除去 10) give

give away赠送(+to sb)；泄露 give back (归)还

give in认输；投降；屈服；交上 give off发出；放出(光、声音、气味等) give out分发；用完，消耗尽；发出(光、声音等) give up停止；放弃 give over移交；委托 give way to让路；让步

give rise to引起；导致；为??的原因 11) go

go about sth着手做；处理；忙于 go after追赶；追求

go against 反对；违背；对??不利 go ahead进行；开始 go beyond超过；越过

go by走过；照??办事；凭??而判断；（时间等）流逝 go down下去；下降；落下；记下；倒塌 go off爆炸，开火，突然响起；(电灯)熄灭 go on继续；进行；(灯)亮

go out出去；(灯)熄，终止；公布 go over仔细察看；复习

go through仔细检查；详细讨论；经历；通过；用完 go up上涨，增长；正在建设中；烧(炸)毁 go with跟…相配；与…相伴 12)hold

hold back阻挡，抑制；退缩；隐瞒

hold down阻止上涨；压制；控制；保持住(工作等) hold out伸出；维持；坚持(要求)；不屈服 hold up支持；延迟；展示；举出；抢劫 hold off推迟，拖延；阻止；抵挡住

hold on (to sth)等一会，别挂断；(+to)握住不放，坚持住 13) keep

keep away不要接近；阻止某人干某事

keep back阻止，抑制；隐瞒；抑制感情等的流露 keep down压制，控制；使处于低水平 keep off (使)让开，(使)不接近 keep out抵御

keep out of 避免某事 keep to遵守；坚持 keep up (使)继续下去，保持 keep up with跟上

keep an eye on照看，留神，密切注意 keep in touch with 与??保持联系 14)leave

leave out 遗漏，忽视 leave for动身去?? leave behind留下

leave sb. doing sth. 让某人干某事 leave sb./sth. alone 让??独自待着

15)look

look around/about四处张望；(+for)四处寻找 look after照顾，照管；注意 look at看；看待；考虑

look back回头看；(on sth)回顾，回忆 look for寻找，寻求；招来 look forward to盼望，期待 look into调查，观察 look on… as认为??是 look out (+for)留神；注意

look over把??看一遍，把??过目；察看

look through温习；仔细查看；故意视而不见；粗略地检查 look to照管，留心；指望，依靠 look up好转；查(字典)；看望；(+to)尊敬 look down on/upon看不起，轻视 16)make

make for走向，朝??前进；促成，有助于 make fun of拿??开玩笑，取笑

make it办成，做到，成功；赶上，(+to)及时到达 make out辨认出；理解，了解；写出 make room for让地方 make sense有意义；讲得通 make sense of把??弄清楚/明白 make up编造，虚构；组成；化妆；补充 make up for补偿，弥补 make the best of充分利用

make the most of充分利用，尽量利用 17) pull

pull down拆毁；(指疾病)使某人虚弱 pull in (车)停下，(车)进站，(船)到岸；吸引

pull off (成功地)完成；扯下，脱去

pull out(of)拔(抽，取)出；(车等)驶出；摆脱困境 pull (the car) over(使车船等)停靠到一边 pull through (使)度过危机，(使)恢复健康 pull up (使)停下 18) put

put aside保留；把??放在一边，暂不考虑 put away放好，收好

put back恢复正常；放回原处；推迟；延误 put down记下；武力镇压；(to)归因于

put forward提出(要求、事实等)；往前拨(钟表)；把??提前 put in使进入；安装；花费(时间) put off推迟，推延；阻止，劝阻 put on穿上,戴上；上演；增加(体重) put out关(灯)；出版，发布；伸出；生产 put through顺利完成；使通过；使成功；接通电话 put up建造；张贴；提高；投宿；提出 put up with容忍，忍受

put into practice/production/use/force实施，实行/投入生产/开始使用/生效 put one's heart into把心思放在??上 19) run

run across偶然遇见；偶然发现 run after追赶;追逐

run into偶然遇见；遭遇(困难﹑问题等) (sth)run out/run out of sth用完, 耗尽 run short of缺少 20)set

set about doing sth开始做，着手做

set apart使与众不同；留出，拨出(时间、金钱等) set back 推迟，延缓，阻碍

set out动身，起程；开始；摆放；阐明，陈述 set out to do sth. 开始干某事

set aside留出，拨出(时间等)；把??置于一旁 set down写下，记下

set off出发，启程；激起，引起 set up创立，建立；竖立，架起，建造 set fire to使燃烧，点燃 set sth. on fire放火烧?? 21)take

take…apart将(尤指机器)拆开，拆卸 take away带走；拿走；消除(感情、痛苦等) take back收回(说错的话)；使回忆起 take down拆卸；记下

take in接受，吸收；包括；领会，理解；欺骗 take off脱下；(飞机)起飞；打折扣；启程；(事业)腾飞 take on从事；呈现；雇用 take out带??出去；除掉 take over接替，接管 take to逐渐习惯做某事

take up占去，占据(空间)；从事某项活动，发展某种爱好；继续讲述；拿起(武器) take advantage of 利用 take hold of 抓住；得到 take pride in对??感到骄傲 take turns (to do)依次，轮流(做) take pains to do努力，尽力，下苦功 take a chance冒险；碰碰运气 take effect生效，起作用 take charge (of) 负责；主管

take for granted 认为??是理所当然；对??不予重视 22)turn

turn around/about转变，(使)转好 turn away回绝，把??打发走 turn back (+to)

turn down关小，调低；拒绝 turn up开大，调大；出现，来到 turn in交还，上交；上床睡觉 turn into变成；译成 turn on接通，打开 turn off关掉；拐弯

turn out结果是；关掉，旋熄；制造 turn over翻倒；仔细考虑；移交 turn to求助于，求教于，查阅 23)动词+up

build up逐步建立；增进；逐渐积聚 close up堵住，关闭 do up系；扎；整理

end up (with/as/in) 结束，告终

fill up(使)装满；客满；填写(空格、表格等) finish up吃完，喝完；最后到达；以??结束

pick up拾起，拣起；(偶然地、无意间)获得(知识、消息等) send up使上升；加大；发射

shut up阻止进入；阻拦；(使)停止讲话 speed up(使)加快速度 use up用完，用光 24)动词+out

drop out(of)退出，退学；离去；不出席 figure out计算(出)；估计；理解 find out找出；查明；发现 point out指出

rule out把??排除在外，排除??的可能性

run out (of)用完，耗尽 25)其他类

care about关注；对??感兴趣 care for照料；喜欢 deal with 应对，处理 do away with废除，去掉 do without没有??也行，将就 stick to粘贴在??上；紧跟；坚持

refer to谈到；提到；查阅；涉及；关于；提交??处理 fit in安排(地方)；放进；适应环境；相处融洽 focus upon以…为焦点；集中于

live up to遵守，实践(诺言等)；符合，不辜负 live with与…在一起生活；忍受，忍耐 meet with会晤；偶然遇到；经历 show off炫耀，卖弄

show sb about/around带某人四处参观 tear down拆掉，拆除

【典例1】（2014·福建）As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can concerning music, and takes every opportunity to improve herself.

A. catch sight of B. get hold of C. take charge of D. make mention of

解析：句意：作为一名草根歌手，她读了她能找到的一切与音乐有关的东西，还利用一切机会提高自己。catch sight of“看见”；get hold of“抓住；找到；得到”；take charge of“负责”；make mention of“提到”。根据句中的everything及concerning music(与音乐有关的)判断选B表示“找到”。 答案：B

【典例2】（2014·天津）The two countries are going to meet to _______ some barriers to trade between them.

A. make up B. use up C. turn down D. break down

解析：句意：这两个国家准备会晤，以拆除两国之间的贸易障碍。根据句意，这里用

break down表示“毁掉；打破；分解”。make up“编造；组成；化妆”；use up“用完；耗尽”；turn down“拒绝”。 答案：D

【技巧点拨】动词短语的复习备考

动词短语是高考必考点，也是我们平时复习备考的难点，因为动词短语的含义多，我们在复习动词短语时要做到：

1)反复记忆：对于常用、高频动词短语要注意分类整理以帮助记忆，比如我们可以从下面几条去总结和记忆动词短语。

①与副词或介词搭配活跃的6个常用动词：get,go,look,put,take,turn。如：go away,go back,go by,go on,go out,look after,look for,look out,look up,look round,look into,look on等；

②through表示“穿过”，因此含有through的动词短语多表示此意，我们可以总结为“具有穿透力的through”，比如：break through突破；carry (sb/sth) through帮助某人度过难关；get through 完成；通过；go through仔细检查；用完；look through温习；仔细查看；pull through (使)度过危机；put through使通过

③由“动词+out”构成的短语动词，如：set out、let out、turn out、bring out、work out、carry out、break out等。 2)利用口诀帮助记忆。

有些动词短语，比如pick up的词义很多，我们就可以用口诀来记忆： pick up含义多，口诀巧记挺简单； 拿起捡起开车接，接收收听视野开； 好转改善又增强，学到东西属偶然； 若能买到便宜货，想必心情会很high。

说明：拾起，捡起，开车去接；接收，收听；康复，好转，改善，增强；(偶然)得到/学到；购买(便宜商品)；(车辆)加速

专题热点集训4 动词和动词词组(动词短语)

（45分钟）

I. 单项填空

1.（2015·天津）If you have any doubts about your health，you'd better ________ your doctor at once.

A. convince B. consult C. avoid D. affect

2.（2015·天津）Tom had to ________ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.

A. turn in B. turn down C. turn over D. turn to

3.（2015·江苏）Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to ________ to their greatest potential.

A. accelerate B. improve C. perform D. develop

4.（2015·江苏）The university started some new language programs to ________ the country's Silk Road Economic Belt.

A. apply to B. cater for C. appeal to D. hunt for

5.（2015·江苏）The whole team ________ Cristiano Ronaldo，and he seldom lets them down. A. wait on B. focus on C. count on D. call on

6.（2015·浙江）Studies have shown that the right and left ear ________ sound differently. A. produce B. pronounce C. process D. download

7.（2015·浙江）Body language can ________ a lot about your mood，so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive. A. take away B. throw away C. put away D. give away

8.（2015·浙江）We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or ________ our emotions than for straight facts.

A. block off B. appeal to C. subscribe to D. come across

9.（2015·浙江）If steel is heavier than water，why are ships able to ________ on the sea? A. float B. drown C. shrink D. split

10.（2014·陕西）Ralph W. Emerson would always ______ new ideas that occurred to him. A. set off B. set about C. set up D. set down

II. 完形填空

（2014·新课标Ⅰ）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A， B， C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this ____11____at work in people of all _____12____. For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about ___13____with their new toys. But their ___14_____soon wear off and by January those_____15____toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of_____16____stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone’s ____17_____interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child____18____bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the___19____of caring the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescent enter high school with great____20___but soon looking forward to_____21___. The same is true of the young adults going to the college. And then, how many____22_____, who complain about the long drives to work, ____23_____drove for hours at a time when they first_____24____ their driver’s licenses? Before people retire, they usually ___22____to do a lot of___26__things, which never had __27___while working. But ____28____after retirement, the golfing, the fishing , the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they ___29____. And, like the child in January, they go searching for new____30_____.

11.A.principle B.habit C.way D.power 12.A.parties B.races C.countries D.ages 13.A.working B.living C.playing D.going 14.A.confidence B.interest C.anxiety D.sorrow 15.A.same B.extra C.funny D.expensive 16.A.well-organized B.colorfully-printed C.newly-collected D.half-filled

17.A.broad B.passing C.different D.main 18.A.silently B.impatiently C.gladly D.worriedly 19.A.promise B.burden C.right D.game 20.A.courage B.calmness C.confusion D.excitement 21.A.graduation B.independence C.responsibility D.success 22.A.children B.students C.adults D.retirees 23.A.carefully B.eagerly C. nervously D.bravely 24.A.required B.obtained C.noticed D.discovered 25.A.need B.learn C.start D.plan 26.A.great B.strange C.difficult D.correct 27.A.time B.money C.skills D.knowledge 28.A.only B.well C.even D.soon 29.A.lost B.chose C.left D.quit 30.A.pets B.toys C.friends D.colleagues III. 阅读理解

（2015·浙江）If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily，the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead，we are diurnal creatures，with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. This is a basic evolutionary fact，even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night: We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.

The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences—called light pollution—whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design，which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky.Ⅲ－designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels—and light rhythms—to which many forms of life，including ourselves，have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world，some aspect or life is affected.

In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars，leaving behind a vacant haze(霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark. We've grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night—dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth，is wholly beyond our experience，beyond memory almost.

We've lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country，when nothing could be further form the truth. Among mammals alone，the number of nocturnal species is astonishing. Light is a powerful biological force，and on many species it acts as a magnet(磁铁). The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night，birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.

Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal，throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint，including their nighttime breeding choruses. Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs. Like most other creatures，we do need darkness. Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare，to our internal clockwork，as light itself.

Living in a glare of our making，we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a very real sense，light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe，to forget the scale of our being，which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy arching overhead.

31. According to the passage，human being ________. A. prefer to live in the darkness B. are used to living in the day light C. were curious about the midnight world D. had to stay at home with the light of the moon 32. What does “it”(Paragraph 1) most probably refer to? A. The night. B. The moon. C. The sky. D. The planet. 33. The writer mentions birds and frogs to ________. A. provide examples of animal protection B. show how light pollution affects animals C. compare the living habits of both species

D. explain why the number of certain species has declined 34. It is implied in the last paragraph that ________. A. light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals B. light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages C. human beings cannot go to the outer space

D. human beings should reflect on their position in the universe 35. What might be the best title for the passage? A. The Magic Light. B. The Orange Haze.

C. The Disappearing Night. D. The Rhythms of Nature.

IV. 微写作 （2015·广东）

阅读下面短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

On the first day of her work，Sally found that a class full of problems was waiting for her. Six teachers had quit before her. When she walked into the classroom，it was chaos：two boys were fighting in the far corner，yet the rest of the class，seemed not to notice them; some girls were chatting and some were running about; paper，food packages and other garbage were littered around.... Just when she was about to speak，a student rushed in and pushed her aside! He was twenty minutes late!

Sally walked onto the platform，picked up a piece of chalk and wrote on the blackboard：“Rule 1：We are family！” All students stopped to look at her. And she continued with Rule 2，Rule 3.... In the following weeks，Sally worked out 10 class rules and posted them on the walls of the classroom. She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.

Surprisingly，Sally was not driven out like the former teachers; instead，she won respect from the students. Over the year，she witnessed gradual changes in the class. At the graduation ceremony，just as she expected，she was very proud to stand with a class of care，manners and confidence. [写作内容]

1. 用约30个词概括上文的主要内容。

2. 用约120个词就班规谈谈你的想法，内容包括： (1)你们班最突出的问题是什么？ (2)针对该问题你会设计一条什么班规？ (3)你认为班规会带来什么影响？ [写作要求]

1. 作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文的句子。

2. 作文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称。 [评分标准]

概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。

专题热点集训4 动词和动词词组(动词短语)

参考答案与解析

I. 单项填空

1. B 句意：如果你对自己的健康状况有怀疑，你最好立刻咨询你的医生。convince使某人相信；consult向……咨询；avoid避免；回避。根据句意应选B。

2.B句意：汤姆上周末不得不拒绝了去派对的邀请，因为他当时很忙。turn in上交；turn down拒绝；调低；turn over移交；上交，根据句意可知应选B。

3.D句意：学校应该是一个活跃的场所，在这里学生被鼓励发挥他们最大的潜能。A. 加速；B. 提高；C. 履行；D. 发展，发挥，结合句意选D。

4.B句意：这所大学开启了一些新的语言项目来为该国的丝绸之路经济带提供服务。A. 向??申请；B. 迎合； 提供饮食及服务；C. 呼吁，吸引；D. 寻找。结合句意选B。 5.C句意：整支球队都依靠罗纳尔多，他从不让他们失望。A. 服侍，焦急地等待；B. 集中于；C. 依赖，依靠；D. 呼吁。结合句意选C。

6.C 句意：研究表明左耳和右耳会产生不同的声音。A. 生产，制造；B. 发音；C. 产生；D. 下载。结合句意选C。

7.D 句意：肢体语言能够泄露你的心情，所以抱臂站着能够发出一种你正在被侵犯的信号。A. 把??收起来；B. 把??扔掉；C. 把??收起来；D. 泄露。结合句意选D。 8.B 句意：与直观的事实相比，我们对于刺激我们的感觉或者是吸引我们情感的事情有更好的记忆。A. 挡住光线；B. 吸引；C. 订阅；D. 偶然遇见。结合句意选B。

9.A 句意：如果钢比水重的话，为什么轮船会在水上漂浮着？A. 漂浮；B. 溺水；C. 缩水；D. 吐。结合句意选A。

10.D 句意：拉尔夫·W·爱默生总是把自己想到的一些新想法写下来。根据句意，这里用set down表示“写下，记下”。set off“出发；激起”；set about“开始(做)，着手(做)”；set up“建立；竖立”。 II. 完形填空

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一般来说，任何事情做久了都会让人产生厌倦。不论是工作中，还是在人们的日常生活中都会有这样的现象；厌倦心理也会出现在各个年龄段。

11. A 从文章开头的As a general rule可知这是一个通用的规则，因此“我们能够看到这样的一个原则”，所以上文中rule暗示了此处要用principle。

12. D 从13题前面的children are excited about可知此处说的孩子；20题前面的adolescents enter high school可知此处讲述的是青少年；21后面的young adults以及22题开始讲述退休人的情况，因此“我们可以看到这个规则在各个年龄段都起作用”，所以此处要用ages。 13. C 从该题后面的new toys可知孩子们是“玩耍”新的玩具，所以此处要用playing。 14. B 从下文each standing as a monument to someone’s 47 interest的暗示可知此处是说他们的“兴趣”减弱了，故此处要用interest。

15.A 这里的玩具就是原来孩子们非常感兴趣的玩具，所以此处要用same。

16.D 根据下面的unfinished model可以得知“模型没有完成”，因此与其并列的是“完成一半的集邮册”，所以此处要用half-filled。

17. B 从玩具到没有完成的模型还有完成一半的集邮册，这都是证明了“过去的兴趣”，也就是曾经那么感兴趣，而现在兴趣没有了，也就是passing。

18.C 从下面的Within a short time, however, the 49 of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents可知开始孩子是很“乐意为宠物洗澡和梳理毛发”，所以此处要用gladly。 19.B 孩子没有了兴趣，因此照顾宠物的“负担”就移交给父母了，所以此处要用burden。 20.D 根据13题前面的children are excited about的暗示，可以得知进入高中的青少年也是充满“兴奋”的，故此处要用excitement。

21.A 进入高中的青少年开始兴奋，从but的转折的暗示可以推知他们不就失去了兴趣而盼望“毕业”。

22.C 从21题后面的The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then可知此处是讲“成年人”的事情了，所以此处要用adults。

23. B 从后面的at a time when they first 24 their driver’s license(执照)？可以推知当人们初拿到驾照的时候是很“渴望”开车，故此处要用eagerly。 24.B 成人获得驾照，因此要用obtained。

25.D 退休前他们“打算”干很多事情，因此要用plan。

26.B 从28题后面的the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes可知这是他们退休后要干的“极好的事情”，所以此处要用great。

27.A 从前面的before they retire可知他们要干自己原来“没有时间干的事情”，所以此处要用time。

28.D 此处的soon after意思为“不久”，也就是在他们退休不久后，所以此处要用soon。 29.C 从前面的retire可知他们退休了，而他们退休前要做的那些事情也正如他们“刚离开的工作一样”，所以此处要用left。

30.B 根据13题后面的new toys的暗示可知退休的老人正如那些孩子一样去寻找他们新的“玩具了”，也就是说他们的兴趣也没有持续很长时间。 III. 阅读理解

【文章大意】这篇文章从进化论上讲我们人类应该是在白天活动的物种，但是现在随着科技的发展，夜间到处都是灯光，有悖于我们的进化论。 31. B 【命题意图】细节理解题。

【解题思路】根据第一段第二句可知人们已经习惯于白天的灯光。 32. A 【命题意图】词义猜测题。

【解题思路】根据第一段最后一句可知用光充满的是夜晚的黑暗。 33. B 【命题意图】总结归纳题。

【解题思路】根据倒数第二段和倒数第三段可知，鸟类和青蛙受到光的影响，使他们在夜晚不适应，会发生一些意外。 34. D 【命题意图】总结归纳题。

【解题思路】最后一段说的是我们人类应该反思一下人们在整个宇宙中所扮演的角色。 35. C 【命题意图】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】纵观全文，文章讲述的是社会技术的进步，在夜晚有了更多的光，而失去了我们所习惯的夜间的黑暗。

IV. 微写作 书面表达范文

From the passage we know when Sally found there were so many problems among her new students, she didn't lose heart. She made some rules full of love and respect to “manage” her students. In return, her students took on a completely new look.

When it comes to my class, I have to say that I can't stand some classmates'whisper to others when the teachers are presenting knowledge. Maybe they are showing interest in what is explained, but most of time, they are talking about something having noting to do with the contents of the class.

They may disturb the teacher's thought. Worst of all, they show no respect to our teachers. Given the phenomenon, I propose to make a rule which says We Are Friends. We all hope to have more friends. But it's hard for us to make true friends.

I believe when we remember the rule, we remind ourselves that being the best listener is the first step to have friends. Our teachers are our friends. I believe all the classmates will not interrupt the teachers when they remember the rule.

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