广州版七年级上unit1 语法知识讲解

Unit 1 Making friends

UNIT 1 单词

German adj. 德国的 blog n. 博客 grammar n. 语法 sound n. 声音 complete v. 完成 hobby n. 爱好 country n. 国家 age n. 年龄 dream n. 梦想

everyone pron. 人人，所有人 Germany adj. 德国

mountain n. 山；山脉 elder adj. 年长的 friendly adj. 友好的 engineer n. 工程师 world n. 世界 Japan n. 日本 flat n. 公寓

yourself pron 你自己. US 美国

短语

close to （在空间，时间上）接近 go to school 去上学 (be) good at 擅长

make friends with 与…….交朋友 all over 遍及

?d like to =would like to 愿意

二．句型及语法

1. 谈论喜好：

enjoy (doing) sth. be keen on (doing) sth. My (favourite) hobby is …(doing)… like to do / doing sth. would like to do(?d like to do) = want to do

I would like to be your pen-friend. 我想成为你的笔友。 I am interested in drawing. 我对画画感兴趣。 I am keen on drawing. 我热衷于画画。 I enjoy drawing. 我喜欢画画。 My favourite hobby is drawing. 我喜欢画画。

典例分析

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特殊疑问句要点：

1) 改句时，原句中如有助动词(be, can, must, shall, will等)的，把第一个助动词提前；没助动词的，加do(各

时态)

2) 对主语提问时，用what或who代替划线部分，动词不变，如：

Jim works hardest in our class. → Who works hardest in your class? 3) 对形容词、副词、及表方式的介词短语提问，用how People work out difficult problems with computers. → How do people work out difficult problems? 4) 对频率(如once a week, twice a month, )提问，用how often I visit my grandparents twice a month. → How often do you visit your grandparents? 5） 对看不见的原因提问，用why; 回答用 because.

Why do you late for school ? Because my bike is broken on the way. 6) 对时间提问，用when; When do you get up?

7) 询问“哪一个”用 which.

Which one do you prefer, the red one or the green one ? 你更喜欢哪一个，红色的那件还是绿色的那件？

8）Those books are Lily?s.(问归属) are those books?

堂上训练：

练习:对下列句子的划线部分提问

1. That car is red. _____ _____ is that car?

2. My sister is 20 years old. ______ _____ is your sister? 3. The glasses are Jim’s. ______ glasses are these?

4. Tom collected eggs last Sunday. ______ collected eggs last Sunday? 5. There were eleven books in my bag. ______ ______ books are there in your bag?

6. We visited our teachers on Teacher’s Day. _______ did you visit your teachers?

7. It means “Do not touch”. _______ does it mean? 8. I’m fine, thank you. ______ are you?

9. We go to school by bus.

______ do you go to school? 10.We go to school five times a week.

_______ ______ do you go to school?

二、对下列句子的划线部分提问，将答案写在横线上。

1. My name is Mary.（ (划提） 2. My shirt is white.(划提） 3. That is your suit. (划提) 4. This is my umbrella.(划提） 5. It?s a Volvo. (划提）

6. He is an office assistant.(划提） 7.He is American. (划提）

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知识回顾：

冠词：不定冠词的用法

冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词（the Definite Article），另一种是不定冠词（the Indefinite Article），还有一种是零冠词（Zero Article）。

不定冠词a（an）与数词one 同源，是“一个”的意思。a用于辅音音素前，一般读作[e]，而an则用于元音音素前，一般读做[en]。

1）表示“一个”，意为one；指某人或某物，意为a certain。 A Mr. Ling is waiting for you. 2）代表一类人或物。 A knife is a tool for cutting with. Mr. Smith is an engineer. 3）词组或成语。

a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden 定冠词的用法

定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有“那（这）个”的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。

1）特指双方都明白的人或物： Take the medicine.把药吃了。 2）上文提到过的人或事：

He bought a house.I?ve been to the house. 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。

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3）指世上独一物二的事物： the sun，the sky，the moon，the earth 4）单数名词连用表示一类事物：

如：the dollar 美元；the fox 狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich 富人；the living 生者。

5）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only，very，same等前面： Where do you live？I live on the second floor. 你住在哪？我住在二层。 That?s the very thing I?ve been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。 6）与复数名词连用，指整个群体：

They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师） They are teachers of this school. （指部分教师）

7）表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前： She caught me by the arm…… 她抓住了我的手臂。

8）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前： the People?s Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the United States 美国 9）用在表示乐器的名词之前： She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴。

10）用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人： the Greens 格林一家人 （或格林夫妇） 11）用在惯用语中：

in the day，in the morning （afternoon，evening），the day after tomorrow

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the day before yesterday，the next morning， in the sky （water，field，country） in the dark，in the rain，in the distance， in the middle （of），in the end， on the whole，by the way，go to the theatre 零冠词的用法

1）国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England，Mary； 2）泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词； They are teachers. 他们是教师。

3）抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词； Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。

4）物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词； Man cannot live without water.人离开水就无法生存。

5）在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词； We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。 6）在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词； The guards took the American to General Lee.

士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。

7）在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词；

如：have breakfast，play chess

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8）当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词；

I can?t write without pen or pencil.没有钢笔和铅笔，我就写不了字。

9）当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词；by bus，by train；

10）有些个体名词不用冠词；

如：school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court 等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义；

go to hospital 去医院看病

go to the hospital 去医院 （并不是去看病，而是有其他目的）

11）不用冠词的序数词；

a. 序数词前有物主代词

b. 序数词作副词：He came first in the race.

c. 在固定词组中：at （the）first，first of all，from first to last

1) 注意以下冠词：

a university a European boy a useful book a uniform an unlucky cat an hour an honest girl

2) 球类运动不加冠词，乐器要加the，如：play football, play the piano

3) 注意以下几组短语中的冠词：

by bus & take a bus

have dinner & have a quick dinner watch TV & listen to the radio

堂上训练与拓展：

冠 词 专 项 练 习

Ⅰ在下列名词前填入a或an.

1 month 2 clinic 3 Apple 4 carnation 5 knife 6 fridge

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7 hospital 8 photo

Ⅱ在下列词组前，填入a、an、或the.

9 piece of paper 10 Great Wall

11eat pineapple 12 old friend of my fathers?s 13on right 14 nice holiday 15 letter 16in year

Ⅲ 按要求填入the，不需要的填写“/”. 17Beijing is capital of China.

18 boys often play table tennis after school .They seldom play 19she can?t go to school today. She stays in bed. 20February is 2nd month in a year.

21 I usually have bread for lunch.

Ⅳ 用a、an或the 填空.

22 There is egg in box. egg is small. 23Look，that?s old monkey.

24Mary has uniform .It?s orange uniform. 25—What ?s in bag ？

—There is eraser.It?s small one. 26Shanghai is in east of China.

Ⅴ选择正确的答案，并把编号填入括号内。 （）27There is apple on the desk.

A . a B./ C.an

（）28 —Tine ，could you please play piano for me while I?m singing？

—With pleasure.

A . a B./ C.the （）29 sun is shining brightly.

A . / B. A C.The

（）30 The girl under tree is my sister.

A . a B. the C./

（）31 What?s that ？

It?s interesting book.

A . an B./ C.a （）32 Tom is under the tree.He is beside tony.

A . the，/ B./ ，the C.the，the （）33Mary has fish .It?s small

A . a ，a B./ ，/ C.a，/ （）34 —Is Mr .Black teacher of park school？

—Yes，he is . teacher is my friend.

A . a，The B.the，The C.a，A （）35 —Where is the Bund？

—It?s near Huangpu River. A . the，the B./，/ C.a，a （）36 There are sixty minutes in hour.

A . a B.an C./ 冠词练习1

( ) 1. There is ________ “M” and ________ “Y” in the word “my”.

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A. an, a B. a, an C. an, an

( ) 2. ________ English is ________ difficult subject for most of ________ students. A. /, a, the B. The, a, the C. The, the, the

( ) 3. I?m going to learn ________ second language in _________ second grade. A. a, a B. the, / C. a, the

( ) 4. My sister was ill in ________ bed, and my mother was sitting on ________ bed by her. A. /, the B. /, / C. the, the

( ) 5. We have _____ lunch at school on weekdays and we enjoy ______ lunch very much. A. /, the B. /, / C. a, /

( ) 6. We can?t see ________ sun at ________ night. But we can see the moon and the stars. A. the, the B. the, / C. a, /

( ) 7. My brother likes playing ________ football very much, but he doesn?t like ________ football I bought him for his birthday.

A. the, the B. /, the C. the, /

( ) 8. ________ teacher and ________ writer is still in our school. A. The, the B. A, a C. The, /

( ) 9. Jim was made ________ of Class Three. A. monitor B. a monitor C. the monitor

( ) 10. From then on ________ began looking for ways to go into ________. A. man, space B. the man, space C. man, the space

( ) 11. More college raduates would like to work in ________ west part of our country ________ next year. A. the, the B. /, / C. the, /

( ) 12. There is ________ old man standing there. ________ old man looks worried. A. an, An B. an, The C. the, The

( ) 13. The football players from ________ USA live in _________ Room Nine. A. the, / B. /, the C. an, /

( ) 14. We?re invited to have ________ supper with ________ Whites tomorrow. A. the, the B. /, the C. the, /

( ) 15. Last year my cousin Mary was ________ university student of ________ physics. A. a, the B.an, the C. a, /

( ) 16. There?re many poor people in ________ world. I think _________ rich must help________ poor. A. the, the, the B. the, a, a C. /, the, the

( ) 17. Tom, do you know ________ girl in ________ blue? A. the, the B. the, / C. a, /

( ) 18. Lesson One is ________ very difficult lesson, but it is not ________ most difficult one in Book One. A. a, the B. the, the C. a, a

( ) 19. --- Is Canada ________ English-speaking country? --- Yes. And Canadians speak ________ French, too. A. a, / B. an, / C. a, the

( ) 20. ________ Yellow River is ________ second longest river in China. A. The, / B. /, the C. The, the 2. 提建议

1) Why not do…? = Why don?t you do…? 为什么不……呢？ 2) What / How about (doing) sth.? …怎么样？

Why not go to Paris? = Why don?t you go to Paris? What / How about going to Paris? 为什么不去巴黎呢？

3. 写电子邮件的格式要点：

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1) 收信人To xx，寄信人from xx： 2) Dear 后用逗号

3) 结尾部分： 要加上yours, love等，再换行写名。 注意：考试中不能出现真实的个人信息。

本部分在编写教案时，要注意结合中、高考的高频题，比较典型的中、高考例题

小结提炼

通过提问方式查看学生本次课知识掌握程度 注：

作业强化

冠词练习2

( ) 1. There isn?t ________ river near where I live. ________ nearest river is 500 kilometers away. A. a, The B. an, A C. the, A

( ) 2. ________ old lady with white hair spoke ________ English well at ________ meeting. A. An, an, a B. The, /, an C. The, /, the

( ) 3. --- Will you get there by ________ train? ---- No, I?ll take ________ taxi. A. /, a B. a, the C. /, / ( ) 4. --- Is ________ English-Chinese dictionary on the desk yours? --- No, I don?t have ________ English-Chines dictionary. A. /, a B. a, the C. the, an

( ) 5. ---- My brother is playing _____ basketball while my sister is playing ______ piano. A. /, / B. the, the C. /, the

( ) 6. My grandparents often stay at ________ home at ________ weekends. A. /, the B. /, / C. the, the

( ) 7. --- What would you like for ________ breakfast, Mr. Fang?

--- Three pieces of bread with ________ cup of black tea, please. A. a, a B. /, the C. /, a

( ) 8. David Smith, ________ of Russian at Tsinghua University, said theat he was one of the youngest winners

of the prize.

A. professor B. a professor C. the professor

( ) 9. --- I spent all my money because I stayed in _____ most expensive hotel in the city. --- Why didn?t you choose ________ cheaper one? A. a, the B. the, a C. the, /

( ) 10. Mrs. Liu lived in ________ but she went into ________ once a week to buy food and other things for the

house.

A. country, town B. the country, the town C. the country, town

( ) 11. This is ________ interesting story and it is also ________ moving one.

A. an, an B. an, the C. an, a

( ) 12. Some people are still in ________ habit of writing in ________ public places.

A. the, the B. /, / C. the, /

( ) 13. Young men prefer going by ________ plane to going in ________ ship. A./, a B. the, a C. /, the

( ) 14. ________ long the bridge is! Let me drive you over it. A. What B. What a C. How

( ) 15. People like to see films on ________ TV instead of going to ________ cinema.

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A. the, the B. /, the C. the, /

( ) 16. ______ Smiths are going to the park this Sunday. Why don?t we go for ______ walk?

A. A, a B. An, / C. The, a

( ) 17. ________ China is ________ old country with ________ long history. A. The, an, a B. /, an, a C. /, an, the

( ) 18. I will have ________ supper with ________ Blacks in the restaurant this weekend.

A. the, the B. the, / C. /, the

( ) 19. There?s going to be ________ interesting American film on ________ night of August 4th.

A. an, the B. an, a C. a, the

( ) 20. ________ little girl making faces is ________ Australian. A. The, an B. A, an C. A, /

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