U.PY彭宇-雅思写作-权威整理 - 图文

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MATERIAL FOR IELTS——U.PY [WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS]

The Bible to IELTS Writing [雅思写作策略总则] ? 知己知彼,百战不殆---明确英汉思维模式差异 ? 重拾自信---任何题目都是我们熟知的，不要怕 ? 写作基于表达---用最好的框架及内容,语言应对规定式作文

? 笔记为王---自己的笔记才是最好的资料 ? 动动手---写和不写, 差距不是一点点

一、图表作文：(150 words, 20minutes)

1.考察类型 A.柱形图 (Bar Chart) B.饼图 (Pie Chart) C.线形图(Curve Chart) D.流程图(Flow Chart) E.表格(Table)

MATERIAL FOR IELTS——U.PY [WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS]

2.写作总体框架 Para 1, This is a _____chart above, which demonstrates the number of_____ from 1999 to 2014. 如果两个图，则：There are two charts above, the _____ of which describes the number of _____, and the _____ illustrates the figure of ____.

Para 2, From the ____chart we can see that the number of ______ varies constantly in 2000. Moreover, as we can see from the second chart, there is a dramatic decrease of the figure of ______ during the

MATERIAL FOR IELTS——U.PY [WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS]

period of 1999 to 2014. ……. …….

3.常用的词汇概述上升：increase, rise, ascend, soar, go up, climb

下降: decrease, fall, drop, descend, decline, reduce, lessen, go down

平稳:stable, steady ,remain/maintain, keep/be the same as/similar to/ level off

波动:fluctuate /fluctuation, up and down

占:occupy, , account for, make up, be shared by

相比: by contrast, on the contrary, compared with/comparing with

最高点:the highest, the top, the summit, the peak 达到顶峰: come to the highest/ mount to/peak 最低点:bottom/rock bottom 反弹：recover 平均: average

趋势:tendency, trend, inclination 预见:prediction

而:while, however, whereas, meanwhile, on the other hand, actually/in fact

MATERIAL FOR IELTS——U.PY [WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS]

4. 图表分类强化第一篇饼状图写作要点： 1. 介绍各扇面及总体的关系 2. 各个扇面之间的比较，同类扇面在不同时间，不同地点的比较 3. 重点突出特色最明显的扇面：最大的，最小的，互相成倍的描写句式: 1. It is clear that the most +adj. + 主题词 is A, which accounts for ___% of all 主题词. 2. B is the next largest + 主题词, ___% lower than A of all 主题词 and followed closely by C. 3. The above three items of 主题词 altogether take about ___%. 4. By contrast, D, E and F make the smallest percentage of total 主题词, which are ___%, ___% and ___% respectively. 常用表达：倍数和比例的表达：

a quarter of ……; half of ……; a majority of …… double; triple; quadruple (这三个词都可以做名

MATERIAL FOR IELTS——U.PY [WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS]

词，动词和形容词)

… be twice as adj. as ……

例句：The dining-room is twice as big as the kitchen.

… more than ___ times as adj. as ……

例句：There are more than twice as many kangaroos as people in Australia.

He is more than three times as rich as I. In 1950, the urban population represented

less than 13% of the total. It is now about 40% and is expected to reach 60% by 2030. (摘自BBC) 相似和不同的表达：

A has something in common with B A shares some similarity with B

The difference between A and B lies in ……

参看考官范文，研习遣词造句

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.

You should write at least 150 words.

MATERIAL FOR IELTS——U.PY [WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS]

In this analysis we will examine three pie

charts. The first one is headed ?World Spending.? The second is ?World Population? and the third is ?Consumption of Resources.?

In the first chart we can see that people spend most of their income (24%) on food. In some countries this percentage would obviously be much higher. Transport and then housing are the next major expenses at 18% and 12% respectively. Only 6% of income is spent on clothing.

In the second chart entitled ?World Population?,

MATERIAL FOR IELTS——U.PY [WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS]

it is not surprising to find that 57% of people live in Asia. In fact China and India are two of the most populated countries in the world and they are both situated on this continent. Europe and the Americans account for nearly 30% of the total, whilst 10% of people live in Africa.

Finally, the third chart reveals that the USA and Europe consume a huge 60% of the world?s resource. To sum up, the major expenditure is on food, the population figures are the highest for Asia and the major consumers are the USA and Europe. (182 words)

参看考官范文，研习遣词造句

MATERIAL FOR IELTS——U.PY [WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS]

The two graphs show that oil was the major energy source in the USA in both 1980 and 1990 and that coal, natural gas and hydroelectric power remained in much the same proportions. On the other hand, there was a dramatic rise in nuclear power, which doubled its percentage over the ten years.

Oil supplied the largest percentage of energy, although the percentage decreased from 42% in 1980 to 33% in 1990. Coal in 1990 was the second largest source of energy, increasing its proportion to 27% from 22% in the previous decade. Natural gas, the second largest source in 1980 at 26%, decreased its share very slightly to provide 25% of America?s energy ten years later. There was no change in the percentage supplied by hydroelectric power which remained at 5% of the total energy used. Nuclear power the greatest change: in 1990 it was 10%, twice that of the 1980s. (152 words)

MATERIAL FOR IELTS——U.PY [WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS]

1．曲线图和柱状图都是动态图，解题的切入点在于描述趋势。

2．在第二段的开头部分对整个曲线进行一个阶段式的总分类，使写作层次清晰，同时也方便考官阅卷。接下来再分类描述每个阶段的specific trend，同时导入数据作为分类的依据。

3．趋势说明。即，对曲线的连续变化进行说明，如上升、下降、波动、持平。以时间为比较基础的应抓住“变化”：上升、下降、或是波动。题中对两个或两个以上的变量进行描述时应在此基础上进行比较，如变量多于两个应进行分类或有侧重的比较。

4．极点说明。即对图表中最高的、最低的点单独进行说明。不以时间为比较基础的应注意对极点的描述。

5．交点说明。即对图表当中多根曲线的交点进行对比说明。

6．不要不做任何说明就机械地导入数据，这不符合雅思的考试目的。动词—九大运动趋势 1.表示向上：increase，rise，improve，grow，ascend，mount，aggrandize，go up，climb， take off， jump，shoot up暴涨，soar， skyrocket

MATERIAL FOR IELTS——U.PY [WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS]

2.表示上升后保持平稳：flatten out(下降或升高后变平)， level off

举例：人口上升后保持平稳：the number of population mounted and leveled off. 3.表示复苏（下降后再上升）：recover，bounce back

举例：人口下降后复苏：the number of population decreased and recovered. 4.表示下降：decrease，decline，descend，drop， fall，go down，come down，collapse， crash， fall off， slump， plummet， plunge， slide，shrink, dwindle, diminish

5.表示下降后保持平稳：bottom out，flatten out(下降或升高后变平)

举例：人口下降后保持平稳：the number of population decreased and bottomed out.

6.表示稳定或水平：remain steady/constant，stay stable, stabilize，flatten out(下降或升高后变平)， level off， stay at the same level， be similar to， there is little／hardly any／no change

MATERIAL FOR IELTS——U.PY [WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS]

举例： the number of population stayed stable. /the number of population remained steady. 7.表示波动：fluctuate 8.表示在底部：reach a low point，bottom out，reach the bottom，reach the rock，hit a trough 9.表示在顶部：reach a peak，peak，top out，reach the highest point/ the top/ the summit/ the most，peak in/at，reach the zenith

举例：人口到达了顶峰：the number of population peaked/ reached its summit/ reached its zenith. 10.经典例句：

remain steady/ stay stable/ level off/

bottom out/ peak/reach its peak/ reach its zenith后面需要使用的是at.

1.人口在500万上保持平稳: The number of

population remained steady at 5 million.

2. 人口在800万时到达了顶峰: The number

of population peaked at 8 million.

3. 下降后，人口在400万保持平稳:After

decreasing, the number of population bottomed out at 4 million.

MATERIAL FOR IELTS——U.PY [WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS]

4. 上升后，人口在700万保持平稳: After

mounting, the number of population leveled off at 7 million.

上升/下降后面使用to(到)和by(了) 1. 人口下降到200万: number of population

decreased to 2 million.

2. 人口下降了200万: number of population

decreased by 2 million.

3. 人口上升到1000万: number of

population increased to 10 million.

4. 人口上升了500万: number of population

increased by 5 million.

recover的后面大家需要使用的是from

人口在200万时开始复苏: The number of

population recovered from 2 million.

fluctuate的后面大家需要连接

between ?and?

人口在20和100亿之间波动: The number of

population fluctuated between 2 and 10 billion.

形容词和副词—变化程度

MATERIAL FOR IELTS——U.PY [WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS]

abrupt(ly)(突然)，sudden(ly)(突然)，dramatic(ally)(急剧)，drastic(ally)(急剧)，sharp(ly)(急剧)，quick(ly)(迅速)，rapid(ly)(迅速)，marked(ly)(显著)，significant(ly)(显著)，considerable(considerably)(相当)，substantial(ly)(相当) moderate(ly)(适当)，gradual(ly)(逐渐)，slight(ly)(轻微)，slow(ly)(缓慢)，steady(steadily)(平缓) 名词 line chart线图，curve diagram曲线图，horizontal axis横轴，vertical axis纵轴，plateau(上升下降后的稳定期)，record high历史高度，record low历史低点，trough (曲线上的)最小值，zenith(最高值), general trend，upward/downward tend

增加：an increase，a rise，a growth， an improvement， an upturn， a surge， an upsurge， an upward trend 下降：a fall， a decrease， a decline， a drop， a downturn， a downturn trend，low point，reduction

波动：fluctuation，fluctuate

MATERIAL FOR IELTS——U.PY [WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS]

曲线图常用表达开头概述常用表达

1) The line chart depicts the changes in the number of _____ over the period from 2000 to 2004．该曲线图描述了从2000年到2004年_____数量的变化。

2） The chart provides some data regarding the fluctuations of _____ from 2000 to 2004．该曲线图描述了从2000年到2004年_____的变动。 3) The graph，presented in the curve diagram，shows the general trend in _____.该图以曲线图的形式描述了_____总的趋势。

4) This is a line chart showing _____.这是一个曲线图，描述了_____。

5) As can be seen from the graph，the two curves show the fluctuations of _____.如图所示，两条曲线描述了_____波动的情况。

参看考官范文，研习遣词造句

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The graph and table below give information about water use worldwide and water consumption in two different countries.

MATERIAL FOR IELTS——U.PY [WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS]

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words

The graph shows how the amount of water used worldwide changed between 1900 and 2000.

Throughout the century, the largest quantity of water was used for agricultural Purposes, and this increased dramatically from about 500 km3 to around 3,000 km3 in the year 2000. Water used in the industrial and domestic sectors also increased, but consumption was minimal until mid-century. From 1950 onwards, industrial use grew steadily to just over 1,000 km3, while domestic use rose more slowly to only 300 km3, both far below the levels of consumption by agriculture. The table illustrates the differences in agriculture

MATERIAL FOR IELTS——U.PY [WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS]

consumption in some areas of the world by contrasting the amount of irrigated land in Brazil (26,500 km3) with that in the D.R.C. (100 km2). This means that a huge amount of water is used in agriculture in Brazil, and this is reflected in the figures for water consumption per person: 359 m3 compared with only 8 m3 in the Congo. With a population of 176 million, the figures for Brazil indicate how high agriculture water consumption can be in some countries. (180 words)

参看考官范文，研习遣词造句

MATERIAL FOR IELTS——U.PY [WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS]

The three graphs of wheat exports each show a quite different pattern between 1985 and 1990. Exports from Australia declined over the five-year period, while the Canadian market fluctuated considerably, and the European Community showed an increase.

In 1985, Australia exported about 15 millions of tonnes of wheat and the following year the number increased by one million tonnes to 16 million. After that, however, there was a gradual decline until 1989 and

MATERIAL FOR IELTS——U.PY [WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS]

1990 when it stabilised at about 11 million tonnes. Over the same period, the amount of Canadian exports varied greatly. It started at 19 million tonnes in 1985, reached a peak in 1988 of 24 million, dropped dramatically in 1989 to 14 million tonnes and then climbed back to 19 million in 1990. Seventeen million tonnes were exported from the European Community in 1985, but this decreased to 14 million tonnes in 1986 and then rose to 15 million in 1987 and 1988 before increasing once more to 20 million in 1990. (165 words)

第三篇流程图写作要点： 1流程图基本不会出现数据，文字信息占主要地位； 2流程图以描述为主，比较的机会比图表题少； 3流程图中出现的信息都需要描述，而普通图表则不需要描述每一个数据；

4流程图的时态多比较单一，主要用一般现在时； 5流程图的分段比较灵活，只要不同阶段之间的差距很明显，就可以另起一段。描述流程五大步： 1首先说明该过程是做什么工作的，目的是什么。

MATERIAL FOR IELTS——U.PY [WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS]

2准备工作。

3按时间／过程先后描述。 4对比。

5简单总结(可有可无)。阶段间进行比较：例1：In two weeks，the fry will grow up to two inches long．解析：原句过于简单，可以增加鱼苗和前一阶段的比较。

改正：In two weeks, the fry will grow up to two inches long, more than twice longer than it was when hatched．在两周时间内，鱼苗长到了两英寸，比刚孵化时长两倍还要多。

例2：In the second step，workers will rinse bottle glass of any colour．

解析：原句过于简单，可以增加一点说明，譬如说关于第二阶段产生的变化和结果。

改正：In the second step，workers will rinse bottle glass of any colour．While the glass in the first phase is possibly life-threatening and contaminated，the glass is now hygeian and ready

MATERIAL FOR IELTS——U.PY [WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS]

for the next stage of the recycling process．大意：在第二步，工作人员会清洗各种颜色的玻璃。第一阶段的玻璃可能是危害健康并被污染的，而这一阶段的玻璃是卫生的，可以为循环过程的下一步做准备。

例3：In the second phase of urban sprawl，land developers start to build a residential area．解析：原句过于简单，可以增加一点说明，譬如说关于第二阶段的功能和目的。改正： In the second phase of urban sprawl，land developers start to build a residential area．It is to serve the needs of those people working in those office blocks and factories built in the first phase．大意：在城市扩张的第二阶段，土地开发商开始建造居民区。这是为了满足在第一阶段所建办公楼和工厂里工作的人们的需要。

参看考官范文，研习遣词造句

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The flowchart illustrates the production of coloured plastic paper clips in a small factory.

Write a report for a university tutor describing the

MATERIAL FOR IELTS——U.PY [WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS]

During(over) 从?From…tbetween…athe period 到?. o… nd… from…to… 10 10-year a decade 十年前 years period earlier, before 开始?( start to 上升) 语气根据数according 据显 to the 示，，， figures, These The two 这两个Given are two two figures 数据是figures figures given 关于。。 concerning… are concern… 就?来as for In terms of with regard to 说 Meanwlikewise 与此同hile, at (adv), 时 the similarly 第 31 页共 93 页 MATERIAL FOR IELTS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

MATERIAL FOR IELTS——U.PY [WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS]

same (adv), time, On the other by In stark 另一方hand, contrast, contrast, 面 howeveconversely, however, … r, … relatively comparativ相对地 (adv), ely (adv), rather (adv), 实际As a matter of actually In fact, 上，，， fact, It is 有趣的interestinteresting 是，，， ingly to note that about concerning 关于 on (prep)， (prep)， (prep)，总的来overall general 说， (adj), (adj), 总体来In overall 第 32 页共 93 页 MATERIAL FOR IELTS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

MATERIAL FOR IELTS——U.PY [WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS]

说 general (adv), (adv), generally, respectively exclusively (adv), 各自相应的仅仅，唯一的名词 number; figure; amount; data; 数据 information; details the the ?的比percentproportion 例 age of of 阶段 part stage phase 比率 rate level水平（high/ low） kind, 种类 form type, a breakdown（分classificatio分类类）of different n types of 第 33 页共 93 页 MATERIAL FOR IELTS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

MATERIAL FOR IELTS——U.PY [WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS]

组转变 group category Vary change shift trend(upwa趋势 rd; downward) 二、话题作文：(250 words, 40minutes)

[1].雅思大作文评分标准 TR: Task Respond (审题)

CC: Cohesion and Coherence (衔接与连贯性) LR: Lexical Resource (词汇量)

GRA: Grammatical Range and Accuracy (语法安排/精确性)

[2].五种基本句子结构主语＋动词

主语＋动词＋宾语主语＋间宾＋直宾

主语＋动词＋宾语＋补语主语＋系动词＋表 [3].话题作文基本结构： ? para 1: introduction: state the fact, and show your standpoint (for/against, or both)

MATERIAL FOR IELTS——U.PY [WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS]

? para 2: topic sentence 1 + support evidence 1 ? para 3: topic sentence 2 + support evidence 2 ? para 4: topic sentence 3+ support evidence 3 ? para 5: conclusion

[4].高分副词【部分】： Mainly=primarily=chiefly=mostly,主要地 properly=appropriately,适度地 understandably 可以理解, overwhelmingly 占绝对优势地 , instantly/rapidly 快速地, clearly/radically 基本上 , merely=simply=just=only 仅仅, unnecessarily 没必要, impulsively 冲动地, especially 特别地, entirely =completely=totally全部地, partly 部分地 merrily/ happily愉快

MATERIAL FOR IELTS——U.PY [WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS]

地, mentally 心理上, physically 生理上, generally 总的来看, keenly 急切地, seemingly 表面上看, strikingly 明显地, utterly=completely完全地、彻底地, somewhat=a little有点…, moderately/properly 适当地, considerably 大量地、相当地, intensely=fiercely=severely 激烈地, superficially 表面上, virtually 实际上，greatly=highly 非常，大大地, conceivably可以想象地 undoubtedly毫无置疑地，undeniably 不可否认地unfortunately不幸地，

[5].常考话题参考：

MATERIAL FOR IELTS——U.PY [WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS]

[6].话题分类强化 1. 教育题材 Education 引言

教育话题历年都是雅思作文的考察重点，雅思作文的必练题目。2009年教育类题目考过9次。面对众多题目，我们可以将教育类题目细化。教育题材分为教育方式：

网络教育、课堂教育、电视教育、家庭教育、出国留学、寄宿学校；课程选择：

个人兴趣、教师决定、政府决定、学术课程与音乐体育历史等课程、学习外语；哪门课程最有用；教育目的：

为什么上大学，为就业做准备还是学习知识。其他：

高中毕业后先旅游或者工作一年，再上大学；学生是否找兼职工作分班学习

谁来付大学学费链接机经关键词教育题目

◎ 学校教育(schooling)与家庭教育(parenting)都是不

MATERIAL FOR IELTS——U.PY [WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS]

可或缺的(indispensable)，对于孩子的身心发育起着重要的作用(physical and mental development)。家庭教育(upbringing)可以给孩子正确的引导和正确的世界观(guideline, direction, and right world outlook)。学校教育的优势在于学生生活在集体的氛围中(environment)，可以培养竞争意识、合作精神和独立性(cultivate sense of competition, sense of cooperation and independence)。学生不仅是知识的接受者(information recipients)，现在的学校大多是文化和社交活动丰富(culturally and socially diversified)，理想中的学校应该是满足学生的全面发展的要求(development in an all-round way. Ideally，universities should attain their goals if they tailor all the courses or programs to meet the needs of well-rounded development.) ◎ 高等学校的功能，是为了未来就业(future career)，还是学习(academic qualifications)。

◎ 出国留学的益处和寄宿学校的优势在于培养学生

的独立能力(independence)、适应能力(adaptability)、应对危机的能力(crisis-solving)、解决问题的能力(problem-solving)、建立友谊(build up friendship)、沟通的能力(communication skills)、

MATERIAL FOR IELTS——U.PY [WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS]

建立良好的人际关系的能力(interpersonal relationship)，独立思考的能力(independent thinking)。科技与教育相结合

◎ 远程教育(on-line learning)不能取代(replace)老师，而应是学校教育的补充(complementary approach)，二者不是相互排斥的(they are not mutually exclusive)。教师除了可以灌输知识(impart knowledge)，还可以激励学生(give the students motivation)，灌输高尚的道德观(instill high moral values)，给学生以灵感(give the students inspiration)，是学生的进步的促进者、导师、引导者和伙伴(facilitator, supervisor, guide and partner)。老师的作用是通过面对面的交流(face-to-face communication)，在课堂上提出引人深思的(thought-provoking)和予以人启迪的(enlightening)问题，甚至对学生的影响是深远的(far-reaching impacts)，全面教育应该是道德教育、伦理教育和心理教育的结合(students need to be educated morally, ethically and psychologically)。

教育是解决问题的一个途径（分析解决型题目）

MATERIAL FOR IELTS——U.PY [WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS]

education——国际援助话题——除经济援助

(financial aid)外，还可以通过教育方式的援助

——教育的援助会发挥很大的作用(make a huge difference)，因为这有利于贫困地区的可持续发展(educational aid is a sustainable development)。

education——尊敬老年人、教师话题(students? poor

behavior)——学生应该尊重师长(should be educated to respect the old and teachers)，这方面提倡家庭的教育和引导(parental education and guidance is recommended)。

education——大学生就业难的话题——工作难的一

个原因可能是没有接受良好的教育(fail to secure a decent job because of the poor education) ——因而学生应该接受教育和工作培训，提升就业机会(receive good education and training program to increase the chances)。

education——青少年犯罪话题(some youngsters

embark on the criminal road)——青少

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