全国版2020版高考英语一轮复习组合练第3练阅读理解七选五练习含解析39 

第3练 阅读理解 七选五

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2018·陕西西安地区八校联考)

Babbage，borninLondonin1791，wasagreatmathematicalgenius.Hewasanaturalinventor. Whenhefinishedschool

，

hewenttostudymathematicsatCambridgeUniversity.Later

，

hegotajobteachingattheuniversity.Whileworkingthere，hedesignedhis“firstdifferenceengine”．Thiswas，basically，ahand-operatedmechanicalcalculator.

Hetooknineyearstobuildapartofthemachine.Thismachinecanmakecomplexmathematicalcalculations.It’sabasicmechanicalcomputer.

Babbagedreamed，however，ofmorecomplicatedmachines.Infact，hedidn’tonlydream; hebegantodesignthem.Theresultwasaseriesof“analyticalengines”whichwereinfactpowerfulcomputers!

Hisdesignscontainedprocessors

，

controlunits

，

amemoryandaninput/outputsystem.Thesearethefouressentialpartsofamodernmathematicalcomputer!

Alas!

His“seconddifferenceengine”couldn’tuseelectricitysincethishadn

’

tyetbecomeausablesourceofpower，soBabbagehadtomakedowithmechanicalsystems.Forthisreason，themachinewasbig，complicatedandexpensive.ThoughBabbageproducedcompleteplansforthemachine，hecouldn’tbuildit.Itwastooadvancedforitsage!

Itwasnotuntilalmost160yearslaterthatBabbage

’

s

“

seconddifferenceengine

”

wasfinallymanufactured.ThefirstworkingversionofthismachinewasbuiltbytheScienceMuseuminLondon，fortheBabbagebicentenaryin1991.AsecondmachinewasthenbuiltforanAmericanhigh-techmillionaire，whoputitintheComputerHistoryMuseum，inCalifornia.

Babbage’sanalyticalengineswouldhaveused“programs”likethoseusedinthetextile(纺织) industrytomakecomplicatedpatterns

buttheywereneverbuilt.Thisbrilliantmathematicianreallywastoofaraheadofhistime! 1．WheredidBabbageplanhis“firstdifferenceengine”？ A．InLondon. C．AtCambridge.

B．Athighschool. D．InScienceMuseum.

，

2．Whatdoweknowabouthis“seconddifferenceengine”？

1

A．Ittookhimnineyearstobuildit. B．Itwasfaraheadofitstime. C．Itsdesigncameoutinhisdreams. D．Itspowersourcewaselectricity.

3．The“seconddifferenceengine”wasbuilttoworkin1991. A．foranAmericanmillionaire B．inmemoryofBabbage C．totestitsabilitytouseelectricity D．fortextileindustrytomakepatterns 4．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?

A．Babbage’senginesdidn’trunonprograms. B．Textilepatternsareproducedwithprograms. C．Babbagecanbeseenasthefatherofcomputers. D．Babbage’sanalyticalengineswereneverbuilt.

B

Withgoldensunshineandagentlebreeze

，

autumnisthemostbeautifulseasonintheyear.Thisisagreattimetogooutsideandhavefun.Gotoavalleytoseeredmapletrees，goandpickfruitinanorchardorfindanopenfieldtoflyyourkitein.

However

，

formanyhighschoolstudents

，

theyspendalltheirhoursindoors

，，，

thesegreatactivitiesmaybejustadream.Withplentyofworktodostrugglingforahighmarkintheirexams.Ofcourse

studyisoneofthemostimportantthingsforteenagers.Butlifeisdefinitelymuchmorethanthat.

Sometimeswespendsomuchtimestudyingthatweforgethowtomakelifewonderful.Indoingsowelosetherealpurposeoflife—tobeavaluableandhappyperson.Toenjoyjusthowgreatitistobealivewehavetoputdownourbooksandpensandlookaroundus.Studentstakesomeexercisetoimproveyourhealth

talkwithyourparentsandfriendsforunderstandingandwalkaroundoutsidetorefreshyourbodyandmind.

Goingoutandenjoyingthebeautifulcountrysideoftenhelpsourcreativityinourwork.Chinesecraftsman，

LuBan

，

createdasawtohelpwoodworkers.Butifhehadn

’

twalkedoutside

，，，，，

2

hewouldnothavebeeninspiredbyakindoftoothedgrass.WecouldalsosupposethatifNewtonhadntrestedunderthatappletree

，

thenhewouldn

’

thavebeenhitbyanapple

’，

andhisclassictheorieswouldnothavecomeout.

Goingoutisnotonlyabreakfromhardwork

，

butachancetoaddtolifeexperience.Socomeon

，

giveyourbrainagoodrest.Stepoutofthebooksandgetyourbagreadyforanautumnouting.Wearesureyouwillgetmuchmorethanknowledgefromtheexcitingjourney.

5．Inwhichparagraphdoesthewritermakeasummaryabouthisopinion? A．Paragraph1. C．Paragraph5.

B．Paragraph2. D．Paragraph4.

6．Whyisgoingoutadreamformanyhighschoolstudents? A．Theyareunhappytodoso.

B．Theirparentsdon’tallowthemtodoso.

C．Theythinkstudyisthemostimportantthingforthem.

D．Theyhavetoomuchworktodoforgettinghighmarksintheexams. 7．Thepassageisdevelopedmainlyby. A．makingpredictions B．reasoningandgivingexamples

C．describingthebeautifulsceneryinautumn

D．pointingoutthepresentsituationofhighschoolstudents 8．Whatmessagecanyougetfromthepassage? A．Natureispower.

B．AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy. C．Theauthorisn’thappywithoureducationatall. D．Goingoutcanmakehighschoolstudentsgetmore.

C

WhileJenniferwasathometakinganonlineexamforherbusinesslawclassamonitorafewhundredmilesawaywaswatchinghereverymove.

UsingawebcameraequippedinJennifer

’

sLosAngelesapartment

，，

themonitorinPhoenixtrackedhowfrequentlyhereyesmovedfromthecomputerscreenandlistenedforthesecr

3

etsoundsofapossiblehelperintheroom.HerInternetaccesswaslocked—remotely—

topreventInternetsearches，andhertypingstylewasanalyzedtomakesureshewaswhoshesaidshewas：Didsheenterherstudentnumberatthesamespeedasshehadinthepast？Orwassheslowingdown?

Inthebattleagainstcheating

，

thisisthecuttingedgeandakeytoencouragehonestyintheboomingfieldofonlineeducation.Thetechnologygivestrusttotheentiresystem

，

totheinstitutionandtoonlineeducationingeneral.Onlywithsolidmeasuresagainstcheating，expertssay，canInternetuniversitiesshowthattheirexamsanddiplomasarevalidtjustsearchedtheInternettogettherightanswers.

Althoughonlineclasseshaveexistedformorethanadecade

，

—

thatstudentshaven

’

theconcernovercheatinghasbecomesharperinthelastyearwiththegrowthof“openonlinecourses.”Privatecolleges

，

publicuniversitiesandcorporationsarejumpingintotheonlineeducationfield.Spendingmillionsofdollarstoattractpotentialstudents，whilealsotakingstepstohelpguaranteehonestyatadistance.

Asidefromthewebcameras

，

anumberofotherhigh

-’

techmethodsarebecomingincreasinglypopular.Amongthemareprogramsthatcheckstudentsidentitiesusingpersonalinformation，suchasthetelephonenumberstheyonceused.

Otherprogramscanproduceuniqueexamsbydrawingonalargelistofquestionsandcanrecognizepossiblecheatersbyanalyzingwhetherdifficulttestquestionsareansweredatthesamespeedaseasyones.Asinmanyuniversityclasses，termpapersarescannedagainstsomelargeInternetdatabanksforcheating. 9．WhywasJenniferwatchedinanonlineexam? A．Tocorrecthertypingmistakes. B．Tofindhersecretsintheroom. C．Topreventherfromslowingdown. D．Tokeepherfromdishonestbehaviors.

10．Theunderlinedexpression“cuttingedge”inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto. A．advancedtechnique C．effectiverule

B．sharpeningtool D．dividingline

11．Someprogramscanfindoutpossiblecheatersby.

4

A．producingalargenumberofquestions B．scanningtheInternettestquestions C．checkingthequestionansweringspeed D．givingdifficulttestquestions

12．Theauthorofthispassagewantstotellus. A．whattheInterneteducationis B．theimportanceofthewebcameratoday C．whenthestudentscancheat

D．howtobeatstudentsexamcheatingonline Ⅱ.七选五

(2018·江西红色七校联考)

DoPeopleNeedSmallTalktoBeHappy?

Psychologists(心理学家) havelongsaidthatconnectingwithothersisanimportantpartofhappiness，butjusthowmuchconversationwerequireisunderexamination.Inonestudy,

researchersfoundthatsmalltalkmadeuponly10%oftheirconversationrelatedwithhappiness.

13Scientistsbelievethatsmalltalkcouldpromotebonding.LatelastyearPrincetonresearchersreportedthatsmalltalkkeepsclosenesswithlovedonestmerelythestuffofawkwardexchangeswithstrangers.

Still

，

chattingwithstrangerscouldbrightenyourmorning.Inaseriesofexperiments

，—

，

andisn

，’

psychologistsgaveChicagopassengersdifferentdirectionsaboutwhethertotalkwithfellowpassengersomethingtheytypicallyavoided.14Noneofthechattersreportedbeingrejected.

Smalltalkcanalsohelpusfeelconnectedtooursurroundings.Peoplewhosmiledatmadeeyecontactwith

，

andbrieflyspokewiththeirStarbucksbaristas(

服

务

员

)

，，交，

reportedagreatersenseofbelongingthanthosewhorushedthroughthetransaction(易

)

．

15Onereportfoundthatwhenvolunteersbrokethesilencetochatwithgallerygoers

thevisitorsfelthappierandmoreconnectedtotheexhibitthanthosewhowerenotapproached.

16Inonestudy

，

peoplewhowererated

“

lesscurious

”，

byresearchershadtroublegettingaconversationrollingontheirown

andhadgreaterluckbuildingclosenesswithotherswhentheyweresuppliedwithquestionsthatencouragedpers

5

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