大学英语一级练习题- 用于合并

大学英语一级

Part II Reading Comprehension

Section A Skimming and Scanning

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer

the questions on the Answer Sheet.

For questions 26 — 32, mark

Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.

For questions 33 — 35, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Effects of Television

Television ranks as a major influence on American life. It affects the way people spend their time and what and how they learn. TV also affects politics, the other media, and sports. Some authorities believe TV has a greater influence on young people than on adults. Effects on leisure time

A typical adult spends more time watching TV than doing anything else except sleeping and working. Watching television ranks as the most time-consuming leisure activity among adults. It takes time away from other activities, such as reading, conversation, social gatherings, and exercise. Effects on learning

Television contributes greatly to what home viewers learn. It benefits people by widening their experience. On the other hand, TV also may contribute to harmful impressions of the world.

Enriched experience. No communication system has ever provided so many people with as wide a range of new experiences as television has. Without leaving their homes, TV viewers can watch government officials perform important functions, and see how people in far-off lands look and live. Television takes viewers to deserts, jungles, and the ocean floor. A TV viewer can see how a famous actor performs the role of Hamlet, and how top comedians draw laughter. Television gives its viewers a glimpse of real-life tragedy, as when it covers the victims of war, natural disasters, and poverty. It also captures moments of great triumph, such as when astronauts first set foot on the moon. However, some authorities question how much specific information viewers remember from watching television.

Harmful impressions. Many social scientists believe that people are likely to form two negative impressions from watching a lot of television. One of these impressions is that many people are better off than they are. The other is that the world is an unfriendly place, filled with untrustworthy people and risky circumstances.

Television programs often show people who lead more glamorous lives and have more material possessions than most viewers. In addition, TV commercials constantly urge viewers to buy various goods. Many sociologists believe that as a result, the material expectations of TV viewers are raised, sometimes to an unrealistic level. One harmful effect results when people fail to achieve the success they see on TV and become dissatisfied or bitter.

The violence, crime-filled world shown on TV may contribute to an impression of an evil world. Studies indicate that people who watch a great deal of television are more likely to hold fearful or negative views of the world than those who watch less TV. However, some researchers argue that people who watch a lot of television already hold such views. Effects on society

Television has brought about major changes in several parts of American society, including politics, motion pictures and radio, and sports.

Politics. Every election year, thousands of political candidates use television in their campaigns. They buy commercial time to urge voters to support them. They also appear in debates with other candidates and answer interviewers’ questions about their views.

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Television plays its greatest role in presidential races. Before TV, presidential candidates tried to make personal appearances and speeches in as many cities and states as possible. Today, many candidates reach more voters through a single television appearance than through all the in-person campaigning they do.

The most widely used form of political advertising in television is the spot announcement. Spot announcements are political messages that last 10 to 90 seconds. News programs often televise only a sentence or two, called a sound bite, from a candidate’s remarks. These contrast sharply with the long political speeches that are typical of traditional in-person campaigning.

Television does much to promote interest in politics and political issues. But political advertising on TV also draws criticism. Critics say spot announcements are too short to allow candidates to discuss issues. Instead, candidates use the time to present oversimplified statements. Critics also claim that, because television time is so expensive, TV campaigning gives unfair advantage to the candidates with the most money.

Motion pictures and radio. From the 1920’s through the 1940’s, films and radio were the chief forms of entertainment for millions of Americans. Many people went to the movies at least once a week. They listened to comedies, dramas, and other entertainment programs on the radio almost every night. The rise of TV in the 1950’s caused a sharp drop in movie attendance. Ever since, the movie industry has faced economic problems radio entertainment changed completely after TV became a part of American life. Almost every radio entertainment show went off the air. Recorded music became the chief kind of radio programming.

Sports. Professional sports have long attracted millions of spectators yearly. But many more millions now watch the events on television. Television networks and stations pay team owners huge amounts of money for the right to televise games. These funds, in turn, help owners pay the huge salaries of today’s professional athletes. Television also helps increase the popularity of sports. For example, the popularity of professional football has soared largely because of television. On the other hand, minor league baseball lost much of its audience after television brought major league games into the home. Effects on young people

There is little agreement about how television affects young people. Parents have long been concerned about the amount of time young people spend watching TV. Studies have linked watching a lot of television with poor performance in school. However, these studies do not prove that TV viewing actually causes students to perform poorly. Watching television may simply be an activity preferred by young people who do poorly in school. Other studies suggest that televised violence encourages aggressive behavior.

26. School teachers believe television has a greater influence on young people than on adults. 27. Generally, adults spend more time watching TV than doing anything else such as sleeping and working.

28. Television has provided people with a wider range of new experiences than any other communication system.

29. An impression of an evil world of the TV viewers may be attributable to the violent, crime-filled world shown on TV.

30. Television has produced major changes to American education.

31. Some critics believe that television time is so expensive that TV campaigning gives unfair disadvantage to the candidates with the most money.

32. People have reached the agreement about how television affects young people.

33. ____________________ is the most widely used form of political advertising in television.

34. Before the rise of TV in the 1950’s, the chief forms of entertainment for many Americans were ____________________.

35. Minor league baseball lost ____________________ after television brought league games into the home.

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Section B Reading in Depth (1)

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with 10 blanks. You are required to select one word

for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the blank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Last summer, Transportation Secretary Elizabeth Dole announced a new seatbelt-use rule: all the drivers and front passengers will be fined if they don’t wear seat belts after April 1989.

The 36 wouldn’t have been necessary but for one simple fact. Even though seat belts could 37 nearly half of the deaths in fatal car accidents, 85 percent of the population simply won’t wear them.

More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or 38 injured each year. A 39 of only 30 miles per hour is the same as falling from a third-floor window. Wearing a seat belt saves lives; it 40 your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.

41 , drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt. If you do not, you could be fined up to $50. It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt. But it will be the driver’s responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not 42 in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.

43 , you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing your vehicle; or you are making a local delivery or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it. Make 44 these circumstances apply to you before you decide not to wear your seat belt.

Remember you may be taken to 45 for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it. A) However B) sure C) ride D) court E) Therefore F) environment G) reduce H) complex I) speed J) only K) seriously L) decide M) prevent N) dangerously O) rule Section B Reading in Depth (2)

Directions: There are 2 reading passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some

questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

One of the most popular literary figures in American literature is a woman who spent almost half of her life in China, a country on a continent thousands of miles from the United States. In her life time she earned his country’s most highly acclaimed literary award, the Pulitzer Prize, and also the most prestigious form of literary recognition in the world, the Nobel Prize for Literature. Pearl S. Buck was almost a household word throughout much of her lifetime because of her prolific output, which consisted of some eighty-five published works, including several dozen novels, six collections of short stories, fourteen books for children, and more than a dozen works of nonfiction. When she was eighty years old, some twenty-five volumes were awaiting publication. Many of those books were set in China, the land in which she spent so much of her life. Her books and her life served as a bridge between the cultures of the East and the West. As the product of those two cultures she became, as she described herself, “mentally bifocal”. Her unique background made her into an unusually interesting and versatile human being. As we examine the life of Pearl Buck, we cannot help but be aware that we are in fact meeting three separate people: a wife and mother, an internationally famous writer, and a humanitarian and philanthropist. One cannot really get to

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know Pearl Buck without learning about each of the three. Though honored in her lifetime with the William Dean Howell Medal of the American Academy of Arts and Letters in addition to the Nobel and Pulitzer Prizes, Pearl Buck as a total human being, not only a famous author, is a captivating subject of study.

46. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage? A) To offer a criticism of the works of Pearl Buck.

B) To illustrate Pearl Buck’s views on Chinese literature.

C) To illustrate the background and diverse interests of Pearl Buck.

D) To discuss Pearl Buck’s influence on the cultures of the East and the West.

47. According to the passage, Pearl Buck was an unusual figure in American literature in that she ______.

A) wrote extensively about a very different culture B) published half of her books abroad

C) won more awards than any other woman of her time D) achieved her first success very late in life

48. According to the passage, Pearl Buck described herself as “mentally bifocal” to suggest that she was ______.

A) capable of resolving the differences between two distinct linguistic systems B) keenly aware of how the past could influence the future

C) capable of producing literary works of interest to both adults and children D) equally familiar with two different cultural environments

49. The word “prolific” in Line 6 is closest in meaning to which of the following? A) influential. B) impressive. C) fruitful. D) outstanding.

50. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A) All of Pearl Buck’s books were written in China. B) Pearl Buck won several literary awards for her works.

C) Pearl Buck knew both American and Chinese cultures very well.

D) One has to study the different aspects of Pearl Buck in order to understand her well.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Are organically grown foods the best food choices? The advantages claimed for such foods over conventionally grown and marketed food products are now being debated. Advocates of organic foods – a term whose meaning varies greatly – frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious than others.

The growing interest of consumers in the safety and nutritional quality of the typical North American diet is a welcome development. However, much of this interest has been sparked by sweeping claims that the food supply is unsafe or inadequate in meeting nutritional needs. Although most of these claims are not supported by scientific evidence, the preponderance (优势) of written material advancing such claims makes it difficult for the general public to separate fact from fiction. As a result, claims that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health have become widely publicized and formed the basis for folklore.

Almost daily the public is besieged (围攻) by claims for “no-aging” diets, new vitamins and other wonder foods. There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones, that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs, that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains, and the like.

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One thing that most organically grown food products seem to have in common is that they cost more than conventionally grown foods. But in many cases consumers are mislead if they believe organic food can maintain health and provide better nutritional quality than conventionally grown foods. So there is real cause for concern if consumers, particularly those with limited incomes, distrust the regular food supply and buy only expensive organic foods instead.

51. The word “advocate” in Line 2, Para. 1 is closest in meaning to which of the following? A) proponents. B) merchants. C) inspectors. D) consumers.

52. According to the first paragraph, which of the following is true about the term “organic foods”?

A) It is accepted by most nutritionists. B) It has been used only in recent years. C) It has no fixed meaning. D) It is seldom used by consumers.

53. The author implies that there is cause for concern if consumers with limited incomes buy organic foods instead of conventionally grown foods because ______.

A) organic foods can be more expensive but are often no better than conventionally grown foods

B) many organic foods are actually less nutritious than similar conventionally grown

foods

C) conventionally grown foods are more readily available than organic foods D) too many farmers will stop using conventional methods to grow food crops

54. From the last paragraph, consumers who believe that organic foods are better than conventionally grown foods are often ______. A) careless B) mistaken C) thrifty D) wealthy

55. What is the author’s attitude toward the claims made by advocates of health foods? A) Very enthusiastic. B) Favorable. C) Neutral. D) Doubtful.

Part III Cloze

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four

choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

In Hollywood there is a company that publishes children’s books with the 56_ of computers. Although other book companies also publish that 57 , this particular company is very 58 . It “personalizes” the books, 59 having the computer make the reader the leading 60 in the story. Here is 61 they do it. Let us say 62 child is named Jenny.

She lives on Oak Drive in St. Louis, has a dog named Spot, a cat named Tabby, and three

playmates 63 names are Betsy, Sandy, and Jody. The computer uses this information to fill 64 a story that has 65 been prepared and illustrated. The story is then 66 with standard equipment as a hardcover 67 . A child who receives such a book might say, “This book is 68 me.” The company, therefore, 69 itself the “Me~Books Publishing Company”.

Children like the me-books 70 they. like to see 71 print their own names and the

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