2011年全国职称英语模拟试题及答案理工类（A级）

2011年全国职称英语模拟试题及答案理工类（A级）

第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1．I can't put up with my neighbor's noise any longer，it'S driving me mad． A．tolerate B．generate C．reduce D．mensure

2．Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone． A．equal B．immediate C．moderate D．great

3．He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school． A．bright B．unclear C．general D．bad

4．I want to provide my boys with a decent education． A．special B．private C．general

D．good

5．Sleep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people． A．picture B．danger C．evidence D．case

6．Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil． A．doubt B．relief C．failure D．confusion

7．Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment． A．love B．surprise C．anger D．doubt

8．Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day． A．energetic B．free C．physical D．regular

9．I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues． A．boring B．original

C．humorous D．long

10．Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth． A．attract B．spend C．encourage D．require

11．He demolished my argument in minutes． A．supported B．disproved C．disputed D．accepted

12．The two banks have announced plans to merge next year． A．close B．sell C．break D．combine

13．Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners． A．polite B．usual C．bad D．similar

14．The project required ten years of diligent research． A．hardworking

B．social C．basic D．scientific

15．He was kept in appalling conditions in prison． A．necessary B．terrible C．critical D．normal

第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 California Gives Green Light to Space Solar Power

Energy beamed down from space is one step closer to reality，now that California has given the green light to an agreement that would see the Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200 megawatt (兆瓦)of power beamed down from solar-power satellites beginning in 2016．But some major chal lenges will have to be overcomed if the technology is to be used widely．

A start-up company called Solaren is designing the satellites，which it says will use radio waves to beam energy down to a receiving station on Earth．

The attraction of collecting solar power in space is the almost uninterrupted sunshine available in eosynchronous(与地球同步的)orbit．Earth-based solar cells，by contrast，can only collect sun． Light during daytime and when skies are clear．

But space-based solar power must grapple(努力克服)with the high cost per kilogram of launching things into space，says Richard Schwartz of Purdue University in West Lafayette，Indiana， \economically viable or power of the Earth，it's a tough go．\

Cal Boerman，Solaren's director of energy services，says the company designed its satellites with a view to keeping launch costs down．\，revolu-tionary design，\．A patent the company has won describes ways to reduce the system'Sweight，including using inflatable minors to focus sunlight on solar cells，so a smaller number cancollect the same amount of energy．

But using minors introduces other chaHenges，including keeping the solar cells from overhea-ting，says Schwartz．\散发)because you're now concen-trating a lot of energy in one place，\．According to the company's patent，Solaren's solarcells will be connected to radiators to help keep them cool．

Though Boerman says the company believes it can make space-based solar power work，it is notexpecting to crowd out other forms of renewable energy．Laws in California and other states requireincreasing use of renewable energy in coming years，he points out．\，we're go-ing to need all types of renewable energy sources，\．

16．Solar-power satellites will use radio waves to beam energy down from space． A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned

17．Solaren is going to design 200 solar-power satellites． A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned

18．Space-based solar cells could collect solar power only when skies are clear． A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned

19．One advantage of space-based solar power system is that it is economical． A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned

20．Inflatable minors are used to reduce the space-based solar power system． A．Right

B．Wrong C．Not mentioned

21．Space-based solar power will rule out other forms of renewable energy sources． A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned

22．Many countries will grant permission for the use of spaced-based solar power soon． A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分) 下面的短文后有2项测试任务：

(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题； (2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 Natural Gas

1 Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth's surface．It is a fossil fuel

(矿物质燃料)，meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the earth millions of yearsago．The main component of natural gas is methane(甲烷)．

2 The popularity and use of clean natural gas has increased dramatically over the past 50 years as pipeline infrastructure(基础设施)has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential，commercial and industrial customers worldwide．Today，natural gas serviceis available in all 50 states in the U．S．，and is the leading energy choice for fueling Americanhomes and idustries。More than 65 million American homes use natural gas．In fact，natural gas isthe most economical source for home energy needs，costing one-third as much as electricity．In addi-tion to heating homes，much of the gas used in the United States is used as a raw material to manu-facture a wide variety of products，from paint，to fibers for clothing，to plastics for heahhcare，con-puting and furnishings．Natural gas is also used in a significant number of new electricity-generating power plants．

3 Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available．It emits less pollution than oth-er fossil fuel sources．When natural gas is burned，it produces mostly carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) and water vapor-the same substances emitted when humans exhale．Compared with some other fos-sil fuels，natural gas emits the least amount of carbon dioxide into the air when combusted(燃烧)， making natural gas the cleanest burning fossil fuel of a11．

4 The United States consumes about one-third of the world'S natural gas output，making it the largest gas-consuming region in the world．The U．S．Department of Energy'S Energy Information Ad-ministration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025．

5 There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earth's surface．The largest reserves of natural gas can be found in Russia，West and North Africa and the Middle East．LNG(液化天然气)has been produced domestically and imported in the United States for more than four decades．

Today，the leading importes of LNG are Japan，Korea，France and Spain． 23．Paragraph 2_________． 24．Paragraph 3________． 25．Paragraph 4_________. 26．Paragraph 5________． A．Popularity and use of natural gas B．Natural gas reserves and supply C．Natural gas prices D．Clean fuel of choice E．Disadvantages of natural gas F．Natural gas consumption

27．Natural gas is stored deep________．

28．Natural gas is recognized as the most economical energy source_________．

29．When manufacturing many products，people commonly use natural gas____________． 30．It is estimated that by 2025 that natural gas demand in the United States will increase_________． A．over the past 50 years

B．beneath the earth surface C．by more than 50 percent D．for more than four decades E．as a raw material F．for home energy needs

第4部分：阅读理解(第3l～45题，每题3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。 第一篇

How the First Stars in the Universe Came into Existence

How the first stars formed from this dust and gas has been a burning question for years，but a state-of-the-art computer simulation now offers the most detailed picture yet of how these first stars in the universe came into existence，researchers say．

The composition of the early universe was quite different from that of today，and the physics that governed the early universe were also somewhat simpler．Dr．Naoki Yoshida and colleagues in Japan and the

U．S．incorporated these conditions of the early universe，sometimes referred to as the \，\simulate the formation of an astronomical object that would eventually shine its light into this darkness． The result is a detailed description of the formation of a protostar-the early stage of a massive primordial star of our universe，and the researchers'computer simulation，which has been called a \．\bar for further investigation into the star formation process．The question of how the first stars evolved is so important because their formations and eventual explo-sions provided the seeds for subsequent stars to come into being．

According to their simulation，gravity acted on minute density variations in matter，gases，and the mysterious\with a mass of just one percent of our sun．The simulation reveals how pre-stellar gases would have actually evolved under the simpler physics of the early universe to form this protostar．

Dr．Yoshida's simulation also shows that the protostar would likely evolve into a massive star capableof synthesizing heavy elements，not just in later generations of stars，but soon after the Big Bang．

\，and the ability to compare how stellar objects form in different time periods and regions of the universe，will eventually allow investigation into the originsof life and planets，\Lars Hernquist，a Professor of Astronomy at Harvard University and a coauthor of this latest report．\abundance of elements in the universe has increased as stars haveaccumulated，\，\

destruction of stars continues to spread these ele． ments further across the universe．So when you think about it．a11 of the elements in our bodies originally formed from nuclear reactions in the centers of stars，long ago．\ Their simulation of the birth of a protostar in the early universe signifies a key step toward theambitious goal of piecing together the formation of an entire primordial star and of predicting the massand properties of these first stars of the universe．More powerful computers，more physical data，andan even larger range will be needed for further calculations and simulations，but these researchers hope to eventually extend this simulation to the point of nuclear reaction in．itiation-when a stellar ob． ject becomes a true star．

\．Yoshida has taken the study of primordial star formation to a new level with this simulation，but it still gets us only to the halfway point towards our final goal．It is like laying the foundation of a skyscraper，\Volker Bromm，Assistant Professor of Astronomy at the University of Tex． as，Austin and the author of a companion article．\grows，layer by layer，to eventually form a massive star．Buthere，the physics become much more complicated and even more computational resources are needed．\

31．According to the first two paragraphs，the early universe_______． A．was governed by simpler physics B．got fewer stars shinning in it C．started over 13 billion years ago

D．was composed in a way similar to that of today

32．What can the state-of-the．art computer simulation tell us about? A．How the Big Bang occurred about 13 billion years ago． B．How\．

C．How dust grains and gases were formed after the Big Bang． D．How the first stars canle into being after the Big Bang． 33．What does the\ A．cosmic dark ages． B．dust grains and gases． C．a protostar． D．the early universe．

34．According to paragraph 4，what is NOT true about a protostar? A．It developed into a massive star during the Big Bang． B．It evolved from pre-stellar gases．

C．It was able to integrate heavy elements when evolving into a massive star． D．It had a mass of one percent of the sun．

35．According to the last paragraph，all of the following are goals of the simulation project EXCEPT A．to know more about the mass and properties of the first stars of the universe B．to simulate the process of how the early universe began C．to apply the simulation to the study of nuclear reaction initiation D．to discover the truth about the formation of a protostar 第二篇 The Iceman

On a September,day in 1991，two Germans were climbing the mountain between Austra and Ita． 1y．High up on a mountain pass，they found the body of a man lying on the ice．At that height (10，499 feet，or 3，200 meters)，the ice is usually permanent，but 1991 had been an especially

warm year．The mountain ice had melted more than iust usual and so the body had come to the surface．It was lying face downward．The skeleton(骨架)was in perfect condition except a wound on the head．remains of some clothes．The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots．Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark (树皮)and a holder for arrows．

Who was the man?How and when had he died?Everybody had a different answer to these questions．Some people thought that it was from this century，perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I，since several soldiers had already been found in this area．A Swiss woman who believed it might be her father，who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found．The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older，maybe even a thousand years old．

With modem dating techniques，the scientists soon learned that the iceman was about 5，300 years old．Born in about 3300 B．C．，he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe．At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains．More recent evidence，however，tells a different story．A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder．It left only a tiny hole in his skin，but it caused internal damage and bleeding．He almost certainly died from this wound，and not from the wound oil the back of his head．This means that he was probably in some kind of battle．It may have been part oi a large war，or he may have beenfightiing bandits．He may even have been a bandit himself．

By studying his clothes and tools，scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in．we may never know the full story of how he died，but he has given usimportant clues to the history of those distant times．

36．The body of the iceman was found in the mountains mainly because_________． A．he was lying on the ice

B．two Germans were climbing mountains C．the melted ice made him visible D．he was just on a mountain pass

37．What can be inferred from paragraph 2? A．The iceman was killed while working．

B．The iceman could have died from the wound in the head． C．The iceman lived a poor life．

D．The iceman was struck dead from behind．

38．All the following are assumptions once made about iceman EXCEPT_____________． A．he was a soldier in World War I B．he came from Italy

C．he was a Swiss woman's long-lost father D．He was born about a thousand years ago

39．The scientists made the deduction that the iceman_________． A．was hit in the shoulder by an arrowhead B．was probably in some kind of a battle C．had got a wound on the back of his head D．has a tiny hole in his skin causing his death．

40．The word\． A．robbers

B．soldiers C hunters D．shooters 第三篇

Scientists Make Sweet Discovering

Good news for chocoholics：the treat preferred by millions all over the world is good for you， according to American researchers at the University of California．Chocolate contains substancescalled flavonoids that can help maintain a healthy heart and good circulation．The researchers havediscovered that cocoa acts like aspirin and that eating a bar of chocolate has also been shown to release endorphins in the body：these chemicals help to reduce pain and stress and make you feel happy.

The Olmec Indians of Mexico and Central America were the first to grow cocoa beans，in about1500 BC，and the Mayas were drinking unsweetened coca hundreds of years before it became fashionable in Europe． In 1544，a delegation of Mayan nobles visited Philip of Spain and gave him jars of cocoa as a gift．Cocoa soon became fashionable in Spain and Portugal．The Spanish were the first to add sugarto their cocoa drink． By the middle of the century，solid chocolate was becoming familiar．In 1765，James Baker and John Hanan opened the first chocolate mill in the United States，introducing chocolate to the average citizen．In 1896，in Switzerland，Daniel Peter had the idea of adding milk in the chocolate-making process and produced the first milk chocolate．

Since then，chocolate has grown enormously in popularity．One of the biggest chocolate-eatingnations is Britain where the average man，women，and child eats nine kilos of chocolate a year．Infact，chocolate is the number one comfort food and there are more chocoholics in Britain than any where else in the world．Researchers warn that although chocolate is good for you，it should be eatenin small quantities and with no added milk． 41．Why is chocolate good for heaa and circulation? A．It reduces pain and stress．

B．It containS substances called flavonoids． C．It releases endorphins in human body． D．It acts like aspirin to protect heart．

42．When cocoa was first introduced to Europe_________，it soon became fashionable． A．as a drink

B．as a gift C．as food D．as a medicine

43．What does James Bakers and John Hanan do about chocolate? A．They produce the first mild chocolate． B．They introduce chocolate to Europe． C．They add sugar to make chocolate bars． D.They make chocolate accessible to average man．

44．Which is the following statement is not true according to the passage? A．Chocolate contains substances that make people feel happy． B．Chocolate is good for health if it is eaten with added milk． C．Eating chocolate occasionally contributes to a healthy diet． D．Chocolate is loved by millions of people worldwide． 45．What iS the author's tone about eating chocolates? A．ambiguous B．negative C．positive D．humorous

第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 I Just Know How You Feel

Do you feel sad?Happy?Frustrated?Insouciant?Exonerated?Infuriated?Do you think that the way you display these emotions is unique?Well，think again．Even the expression of the most personal feelings CaB be divided into groups，classified，and perhaps，taught．This week sees the publication of Mind Reading，an interactive DVD-rom

displaying every possible human emotion．It demonstrates 412 distinct ways in which we feel：the first visual dictionary of the human heart．

The attempt to classify the human heart began with Darwin．His The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals，published in 1872，divided the emotions into six types-anger，fear，sadness， disgust，surprise and enjoyment．________(46)．

Every other feeling，of which there may be thousands，was thought to derive from this six-strong group．More complex expressions of emotion were likely to be learned and therefore more specific to each culture．An incredulous or indignant Pacific islander might not be able to show an Essex girl exactly how she felt． But now it is believed that，whereas gestures do not cross cultural boundaries well，many more facial expressions than Darwin's half-dozen are shared worldwide．___________(47)．The Mind Reading is a systematic record of each of these expressions being acted out．

The project was conceived by Professor Simon Baron-Cohen of the autism research centre in Cambridge as an aid for people with autism，who have difficulty both reading and expressing emotion．But it quickly became apparent that it had broader uses．Novelists，actors and portrait painters all need to draw upon a wide range of emotional expression，and teachers could use it for classes in personal and social development．

Baron-Cohen's team first had to decide what counted as an emotion．________(48)．Using thisdefinition，1，512 emotion terms were identified and put to a panel who had to decide if each repre． sented a separate emotion，or if they were synonyms．That list was whittled down to 412，arranged in24 groups．from\． Once the emotions were classified．a DVD seemed the most efficient way to display them．In Mind Reading，each expressions is acted out-six times，by six different actors-in three seconds．

_______(49)．The explanation for this is simple：we may find it difficult to describe emotions using words，but we instantly recognize one when we see it on someone's face．\right，\，who directed the DVD．

BUt though we find it difficult to describe many emotions，we instantly recognize one when we see one．\，there was a split second when it was absolutely there．It was really clear when they'd got it，\，who directed the DVD． \given some direction，they were not told which facial muscle they should move．\example，when someone feels contempt，you can't say for certain that their eyebrows always go down． Someone who has tried to establish such rules is the American Professor Paul Ekman．who has built a database of how the face moves for every emotion．The face can make 43 distinct muscle movements called%units\．These can be combined into more than 10．000 visible facial shapes．Ekman has written out a paper of facial muscular movements to represent each emotion．

A．We thought of trying to describe each emotion but it would have been almost impossible tomake clear rules for this

B．These particular muscles aye difficult to control，and few people can do it．

C．Research has also been done to find out which areas of the brain read the emotional expressions． D．They decided that it was a mental state that could be preceded by\． E．He said that the expression of theses feelings aye universal and recognizable by anyone，from any culture． F．Any other method of showing all the 412 emotions，such as words，would have been far less efiective． 第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。 Obtaining Drinking Water from Air Humidity

Not a plant to be seen，the desert ground is too dry．But the air contains water，and research scientists have found a_________(51)of obtaining drinking water from air humidity．The system isbased completely on renewable energy and is therefore autonomous．

Cracks permeate the dried-out desert ground and the landscape bears testimony to the lack of water．But even here，where there are no lakes，rivers or groundwater，considerable quantities of water are stored in the air．In the Negev desert in Israel，for example，annual average relative air hu-midity is 64 percent-in every cubic meter of air there aye 11．5 milliliters of water．

German research scientists have found a way of converting this air humidity autonomously intodrinkable water．\solar collectors and photovoltaic ceils，_________(53)makes this methodcompletely energy-autonomous．It will_______(54)function in regions where there is no electricalinfrastructure．\，head of the research team．The principle of the_______ (55)is as follows：hygroscopic brine-saline solution which absorbs moistureruns down a tower-shapedunit and absorbs water from the air．It is then sucked_________(56)a tank a few meters off the ground in which a vacuum prevails．Energy from solar collectors_________(57)up the brine，whichis diluted by the water it has________(58).

Because of the vacuum，the boiling point of the liquid is lower thaa it would be under_____ (59)atmospheric pressure．This effect is known from the mountains：as the atmospheric pressure there is lower than in the valley，water boils at temperatures distinctly below 100~C．The evaporated， non-saline water is condensed and runs down through a completely filled tube in a controlled manner．The gravity of this water

column_________(60)produces the vacuum and so a vacuum pump is not needed.The reconcentrated brine________(61)down the tower surface again to absorb moisture from the air．

\．Single-person units and plants supplying water to entire hotels are conceivable，\．Prototypes have been built for______

(63)system components-air moisture absorption and vacuum evaporation-and the research scientistshave Mready________(64)their interplay on a laboratory scale．In a further________(65)the researchers intend to develop a demonstration facility．

51．A．road B．channel C．way D．path

52．A．in spite of B．because of C．as a result of D．such as 53．A．who B．where C．when D．which

54．A．meanwhile B．therefore C．however D．still 55．A．prospect B．process C．progress D．product 56．A．from B．at C．above D．into 57．A．keeps B．brings C．breaks D．heats

58．A．attracted B．affected C．allowed D．absorbed 59．A．normal B．different C．easy D．available

60．A．continuously B．suddenly C．typically D．seriously 61．A．takes B．puts C．flies D．runs

62．A．users B．designers C．owner D．workers 63．A．both B．every C．same D．either 64．A．repaired B．cancelled C．tested D．copied 65．A．instrument B．step C．case D．ground

2011年全国职称英语理工类（A级）模拟试题参考答案

第l部分：词汇选项

1． A [解析]我不能忍受邻居的噪音，那快让我疯了。put up with：忍受；和A．tolerate意思相近，例如：The school cannot tolerate cheating on exams．学校无法容忍考试作弊现象。

B．generate产生。C．reduce：减少，缩小；例如：They have to reduce expenses this year．他们今年必须削减开支。D．measure：测量，估计；例如：We cannot measure a man by his failures．我们不能以失败来衡量一个人。

2． D [解析]社会工作者对独居老人的定期访问很有价值。immense：巨大的，较好的；A．equal：平等的，用法为be equal to；B．immediate：立即的，直接的；例如：He demanded' immediate payment．他要求立即付款。C．moderate：适度的，中等的；例如：It is a large house，but the garden is of moderate size．那是一栋大房子，可是花园却只有一般的大小。D．great：巨大的，符合题意，例如：He achieved great success in his career．他的事业取得了巨大的成功。

3． B [解析]他对自己没有完成学业的原因相当糊涂。vague：含糊的，不明确的，它和B．unclear意思相同，例如：It was still unclear what the cause of the aircrash was．那起空难的原因还不清楚。A．bright：聪明的，光明的；例如：We enjoyed the bright sunshine．我们享受明媚的阳光。C．general：一般的，大体的；例如：the general trend of development发展的大趋势。D．bad：糟糕的，坏的；You have to correct your bad habits radically．你必须彻底地改正自己的坏习惯。

4． D[解析]我想给我的孩子们提供良好的教育。decent：相当好的，体面的；更多的用法有：decent income可观的收入；decent meal像样的饭；decent cloth体面的服装；D．good和它意思相同。A．special：特别的；This is a special occasion．这是一个特殊的场合。B．ptovate：私人的，隐私的；例如：Fans are always CUrious about the singer's private life。歌迷总对歌星的私人生活感兴趣。C．general：普遍的 ；如：the general public普通大众。

5． B 【解析]陡峭的楼梯对老年人特别危险。hazard和B．danger意思相同，表示危险的：A．picture：图片，图画。How do you like his picture?你喜欢他的图画吗?C．evidence：证据，迹象；例如：There is no evidence that there will be an earthquake there．没有迹象表明那个地区会发生地震。D．case：情况；如：Is that the case?是这样的情况吗?

6． D[解析]我们的安排被弄得一团糟。turmoil：混乱，骚动；D．confusion：混乱，困惑：例如：The conference ended in confusion．会议在混乱中结束。A．doubt：怀疑，疑惑；例如：I doubt his competence to do the work．我怀疑他是否有能力做那件工作。B．relief：减除，救济；例如：refief fund for the earthquake in Yushu district玉树地区的地震救济金。

7． C [解析]Patricia生气的瞪着其他的女孩。resentment愤恨；如：He shows no resent．ment to anyone．他不怨恨任何人。C．anger愤怒；最符合题意。如：I cannot control my anger．我无法控制自己的愤怒。A．love爱；如：Love conquers a11．爱能战胜一切。B．surprise惊奇；如：What a pleasant surprise!多惊喜的事情呀!D．doubt怀疑；如：There is no doubt that we willbe successful．毫无疑问我们会成功。

8． A [解析]你的狗每天至少需要20分钟充沛的运动。vigorous：精力充沛的：A．en．crgetic和它意思相同，表示有活力的，精力充沛的；例如：He is an energetic man．Everyday heworks until midnight．他是个精力旺盛的人，每天都工作到半夜。B．free：自由的。C．physi．cal：体力的，身体的；例如：to do physical exercise锻炼身体。D．regular：定期的，正式的；如：He has no regular work．他没有正式的工作。 9． C [解析]我很喜欢那个游戏--它有巧妙的情节和有趣的对话。B．original：原始的，原创的；例如：He can read Shakespeare in the original．他能读莎士比亚作品的原文。A． boring：乏味的，无聊的；C．humorous：幽默的，滑稽的；例如：Indeed he has a solemn face，buthe is very humorous at heart．他的确有一副严厉的脸孔，但内心却很富幽默感。D．long：长的。

10．A[解析]低税收将刺激投资，帮助经济增长。spur：鞭策，激励；C．encourage和spur意思相同，鼓舞，鼓励；例如：New measures have been taken to encourage consumption in China．中国采取了新的举措

来刺激消费。A．attract：吸引；例如：His film has attracted a large audience．他的电影吸引了很多的观众。B．spend：花费；如：She spent the whole month to prepare for the examination．她用一个月的时间准备考试。D．require：要求：如：This is the minimum quantity we require．这是我们所要求的最小数量。

11．B [解析]他在几分钟内就驳倒了我的观点。demolish：推翻，驳倒；B．disprove：反驳；与demolish意思最接近。例如：It is nearly impossible to disprove a rumor．要辟谣几乎是不可能的。A．support：支持，扶持；如：1 will always support you whatever you do．不论你做什么，我都会支持你。C．dispute：辩论，怀疑；例如：We disputed with each other on various issues．我们为各种问题互相争论。D．accept：接受。 12．D [解析]两家银行已宣布了在明年合并的计划。merge：合并，兼并；D．combine：使结合，使联合，和merge意思接近；如：to combine theory with practice理论联系实际；A．close：停止，关闭；如：to close an account关闭一个(银行)账户。B．sell：卖，出售。C．break：打破，折断；例如：The old man broke a tooth on a bone．这老人咬骨头把一颗牙折断了。

13．A [解析]她的父亲是一位举止优雅安静的人。graceful\：典雅的，有礼貌的；A．polite：有礼貌的，文雅的，和graceful意思接近；例如：He is always polite to people．他总是对人很有礼貌。B．usual：通常的；如：The child went to school as usual．这孩子像往常一样上学去了。C．bad：糟糕的，坏的；例如：a bad idea坏主意。D．similar；相似的，类似的；例如：The project in All,ca hassimilar goals．在非洲的计划有类似的目的。

14．A[解析]这个项目需要10年的刻苦钻研。diligent：勤勉的，勤奋的；A．hardwork．ing：刻苦的，努力的，与diligent意思相近；例如：His Success depend on his hardworking and pa． tience．他的成功全靠他的辛勤与耐心。B．social：社会的；例如：good social order良好的社会秩序。C．basic：基本的，基础的；例如：My boss can speak some basic English．我的老板能说一些基础英语。D．scientific：科学的；例如：scientific development科学发展。

15．B [解析]他被关押在条件恶劣的监狱里。appalling：可怕的，令人震惊的；B．terrible：可怕的，最接近题意。A．necessary：必要的，必须的；例如：We still lack the necessary information．我们仍缺少必要的信息。C．critical：危险的，爱挑剔的；例如：He is very critical aboutf00d．他对食物特别挑剔。D．normal：正常的；例如：It is normal to feel lonely sometimes．偶尔会觉得寂寞是很正常的。 第2部分：阅读判断

16．A[解析]本题给出的信息是正确的，文章第一段中提到\satellites beginning in 2016\说明太阳能卫星会使用无线电波从太空发射能量光束。

17．C [解析]文章没有谈到这方面的信息，文章在第一段中提到200这个数字是关于\Electric Company buy 200 megawatt(兆瓦)of power beamed down from solarpower satellites beginning in 2016\：从2016年起，太平洋天然气和电力公司将购买200兆瓦的从太阳能电站的卫星上发送来的电力。 18．B[解析]本题给出的信息是错误的。文章在第三段末尾提到：\在地球上的太阳能电池只能在白天且无云的时候收集阳光。\

19．B [解析]本题给出的信息是错误的。从文章第四段\努力克服)with the high cost per kilogram of launching things into space\：但在太空的太阳能工厂必须努力克服的问题是：向太空发射每一公斤的物品都要付出高昂代价，即成本高的问题。

20．A[解析]本题给出的信息是正确的，从文章第五段\reduce the system's weight\我们知道这家公司的一项专利说明了降低此系统重量的多种方法。

21．B [解析]本题给出的信息是错误的。从文章最后一段\renewable energy\我们知道它(从太空中获得的太阳能)并不会挤掉其他形式的可再生能源。

22．C [解析]文章没有谈到这方面的信息。文章主要围绕美国，尤其是加州来说，并没有提到其他国家的情况。 参考译文

加利福尼亚州批准空间太阳能电站

使用从太空照下的能源已经离现实近在咫尺了，因为加利福尼亚州已经以协议的形式批准了。协议规定：从2016年起，太平洋天然气和电力公司将购买200兆瓦的从太阳能电站的卫星上发送来的电力。但这项技术要广泛使用，仍有一些挑战需要克服。

发出这一设想的公司Solaren正在设计一颗卫星。公司称这颗卫星将会使用无线电波将能源发送到地球上的接收站。

在太空收集太阳能这一设想的吸引人之处在于它是目前在地球同步轨道上收集阳光受阻碍最少的方式。与此截然不同的是，在地球上的太阳能电池只能在白天且无云的时候收集阳光。

但在太空的太阳能工厂必须努力克服的问题是：向太空发射一公斤的物品都要付出高昂代价。印第安纳州普渡大学拉法叶校区的Richarci Scllwartz说：\如果你要说的是让这一设想从经济角度上可行，从而供应地球能量，这是一条很艰难的道路。\

Solaren公司的能源服务部门的经理Cal Boerman说公司设计这一卫星时已考虑到将发射成本降低。他说：\我们知道我们必须想出一个与众不同的，有革新意义的设计。\这家公司的一项专利说明了降低此系统重量的多种方法，包括使用可充气的镜子向太阳能电池板聚焦，这样利用较少的太阳能电池板就可以收集到等量的能量。

但使用镜子又带来了其他问题，包括防止太阳能电池板过热，Sclawartz提出。\你必须处理好热量散发的问题，因为你将很多能量聚集在一个地方。\他说。按照该公司的专利书描述．Solaren公司的太阳能电池板会被连接到散热板上使其保持冷却。

尽管Boerman说这家公司相信它能制造建立在太空中的太阳能发电厂，但它并不会挤掉其他形式的可再生能源。加利福尼亚州的法律以及其他州的法律要求在未来几年增加对可再生能源的利用。他指出：\为了满足这些需要，我们需要使用各种可再生能源。\ 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

23．A [解析]本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段的中心意思是天然气被广泛应用以及天然气的各种用途。

24．D [解析]本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段的中心意思是天然气是现有能源中最安全和最干净的。

25．F[解析]本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段的中心意思是美国消费天然气的情况。 26．B [解析]本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段的中心意思是世界上天然气的储存和供应情况。

27．B [解析]本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第一段的第一句话\is produceci from reservoirs deep beneath the earth's surface．\

28．F[解析]本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段的第四句话\，natural gas is the most economical source for home energy neecls，costing one-thirdas much as electricity．\ 29．E [解析]本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段的第五句话\to Ileating Jaomes，much of the gas useci in the United States is Hse(1 as a rawmaterial to manufacture a wide vatiety of products，from paint，to fil3ers for clothing，to plastics for healthcaare，computing and fllmishings．\ 30．C [解析]本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第四段的最后一句话\U．S．Department of Energy's：Energy Information Administration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50。percent by 2025．\ 参考译文

天然气天然气深藏在地球表面下方，它属于矿物燃料，由埋藏在地球上上百万年前的有机物生成。它的主要成分是甲烷。

过去50多年，随着管道基础设施的建设将气体便利、经济地输送到世界各地的居住区、商业区和工业区用户，天然气的受欢迎程度和利用程度便迅速增长。如今全美50个州都有天然气服务，并且天然气成为美国家用燃料和工业使用燃料的首选。有超过6500万的美国家庭使用天然气。事实上，天然气是最经济的家庭能源需求，其费用是电的三分之一。除了家庭取暖外，在美国，天然气还被用作油漆、服装纤维、保健用塑料制品、计算设备和家具等多种产品的原材料，其也被用在许多新的发电厂。

天然气是现有能源中最安全和最干净的。它释放的污染小于其他矿物燃料。天然气燃烧时主要产生二氧化碳和水蒸汽--与人呼吸产生的物质相同。与其他矿物燃料相比，天然气燃烧时释放到空气中的二氧化碳最少，因此它是最洁净的矿物燃料。

美国消费世界天然气总产量的三分之一，是世界上最大的天然气消费地区。美国能源部的能源信息行政部预计到2025年，天然气的需求将会超过50％。

地表下面储存有大量的天然气。在俄罗斯、西非、北非和中东地区，天然气的储存量最大。

53．D[解析]本题考查的是对非限定性定语从句的掌握，所以选D。

54．D [解析]still仍然；A．meanwhile同时；B．tIlerei]are因此；C．bpwever然而；根据上下文可知\这使得该方法在能量方面完全自主，即使会在没有电力基础设施的地方仍可起到作用。\所以选D。 55．B [解析]process过程；A．prospect前景；C．progress进步；D．product产品。根据上下文可知\这套工序的原理如下。\所以选B。

56．D[解析]本题考查的是短语SUCk into吸入，所以选D。

57．D [解析]lmats加热；A。keeps保持；B。brings带来；c．breaks打破。根据上下文可知\来自于太阳能收集器的能量将盐水加热，这样盐水就会稀释它所吸收的水。\所以选D。

58．D [解析]aI)sorbed吸收；A．attracted吸引；B．affecteted影响；c．allowecl允许，原文同上题。所以选D。

59．A [解析]normal正常的；B．different不同的；c．easy简单的；D．available可以获得的。根据上下文可知\在真空环境中，液体的沸点要比在正常大气压下的要低。\所以选A。

60．A [解析]conti．nuously不间断地；B．suoldenly 突然地；C．typically典型地；D．seri-ously严重地。根据上下文可知\水柱的重力持续制造真空状态，所以不需要真空泵。\所以选A。

61．D [解析]runs原意为跑，但这里是流动的意思，run down是沿着……流动；A．takes拿；c．flies飞；B．puts放置。根据上下文可知\二次被浓缩的盐水会涪着塔状物再次向下流去吸收空气中的水。\所以选D。

62．A [解析]users用户；使用者；A．owner 主人，拥有者；B．designers设计师；D．workers工人。根据上下文可知\这一理念适用于各种各样的水的使用者。\所以选A。

63．A [解析]both(两者)都；因为这里是强调空气水汽吸收器和真空蒸汽机两个机器之间的作用效果，所以选A。

64．c [解析]tested 测试；A．repaired修理；B．cancelled取消；D．copied复制。根据上下文可知\科研人员已经在实验室范围内测试了它们的相互作用的效果。\所以选C。

65．B [解析]step步骤；A．instrument工具；C．case案例；D．ground 地面。根据上下文可知\在下一步的研究中，研究者们会开发出一套用于展示的设备。\所以选B。 参考译文

从空气湿气中获得饮用水

沙漠的地面非常干，以至于连植物的影子都没有。但空气中却含有水分。并且，科研人员发现了一种可以从空气的水分中获取饮用水的方法。这一系统完全基于可再生能源，因此是自主的。

崩裂声弥漫在干涸的沙地上，地面上的景象证明了这里水的缺乏。但即使在这样一个没有湖泊、河流、地表水的地方，大量的水就存储于空气中。例如，在以色列的内盖夫沙漠，年平均相对空气湿度是64％--每立方空气中含有11．5毫升的水。

德国科研人员发现了一种将空气中的水气自动转化为饮用水的方法。该研究小组的组长Siegfried Egner说：\我们开发的这套工序完全基于诸如太阳热能收集器和光生伏打电池的可再生能源。这使得该方法在能量方面完全自主，即使在没有电力基础设施的地方仍可起到作用。\这套工序的原理如下：吸湿盐水--能够吸收湿气的盐水溶液--沿着一塔状结构容器下流时在空气中吸收水分。水被吸到地下几米深的一个真空水箱中。来自于太阳能收集器的能量将盐水加热，这样盐水就将会稀释它所吸收的水。

在真空环境中，液体的沸点要比在正常大气压下的要低。这一效果可以在山区了解到：由于山上的大气压比山谷的要低，因此水的沸点明显低于100摄氏度。这些蒸发了的、不是盐水的水被浓缩后沿着一支充满蒸汽的管子慢慢向下流。水柱的重力持续制造真空状态，所以不需要真空泵。经过再次浓缩的盐水会沿着塔状物再次向下流去吸收空气中的水分。

Egnerr说：\这一理念适用于各类使用水的人群。单人房以及可以为整个宾馆供应水的工厂都成为可能。\这套系统的两个构件--空气水汽吸收器和真空蒸汽机的样机已经制造出来。科研人员也已经在实验室范围内测试了它们相互作用的效果。研究者们计划在下一步的研究中开发出一套用于展示的设备。

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