2018届二轮复习 动词时态和语态在短文语法填空中运用“六法” 学案（6页word版）

2018届二轮复习 动词时态和语态在短文语法填空中运用“六法”

方法1 通过“时态定义”解决时态问题 准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。

[典例1] (2017·大庆实验中学模拟)Development often __69__ (give) us the excuse to destroy the environment.

分析：本句表示经常做的事情，应用一般现在时，故填gives。 [典例2] (2017·青岛市质检)When I also drove forward, a man __63__ (stand) outside the car and talking to each driver as they drove past.

分析：表示过去的某个时候正在做某事，应用过去进行时，故填was standing。

方法2 通过“标志性状语”解决时态问题

在题干中，yesterday, tomorrow, always, in the past few years, so far等都是动词时态常用的标志性状语，做题时可以通过寻找时间标志词来判定时态。

[典例1] (2017·潍坊市模拟)Last Friday a storm __61__ (sweep) through two villages in the New Territories, destroying fourteen homes.

分析：句中有表示时间的标志性状语Last Friday，判定应用一般过去时，故填swept。

[典例2] (2017·长春市调研测试)If we are satisfied with only a few rules we __69__ (memorize) so far, we are not really learning the language.

分析：so far表示“迄今为止”，与其匹配的时态是现在完成时，故填have memorized。

方法3 通过“动作先后关系”解决时态问题

当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时，它们的发生时间有一定的先后关系。我们可以根据这种先后关系来判定时态。

[典例1] (2017·福州市质检)Due to the hard training they __66__ (do) before, their performances were very impressive.

分析：主句的时态为一般过去时，根据before可以判定空格处所填词表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时，故填had done。

[典例2] (2017·西安市模拟)She __64__ (have) her high school entrance exam in a week so I told her a few encouraging words.

分析：我给她说鼓励的话用的是一般过去时，那么她要参加考试应用过去将来时，故填would have或was to have。

方法4 通过“语境暗示”解决时态问题

有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。

[典例1] (2017·衡阳八中模拟)It is quite easy to plan a surprise party when one’s birthday __62__ (come)．

分析：既然是要做计划，那么生日即将来临，此处应用现在进行时表示即将来临，故填is coming。

[典例2] (2017·湖北省四地七校联考)One day, a beggar found a leather purse that someone __61__ (drop) in the marketplace. 分析：发现钱包用一般过去时，丢钱包应在此之前，表示“过去的过去”，故填had dropped。

方法5 通过“常用句式”解决时态问题

掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方式，因此要熟记一些常用句式。

[典例1] (2017·汕头市模拟)The hall was dark when I came in; the show was about __46__ (begin)．

分析：此处考查be about to do sth.意为“马上就要做某事”，故填to begin。

[典例2] (2017·青岛市模拟)One day I __66__ (read)a newspaper when I noticed a photo of a young woman who looked very much like Linda and whose last name was Wagman — Linda’s married name.

分析：考查句式be doing ...when ...，再根据One day可判断应用过去进行时，故填was reading。

方法6 通过“逻辑关系”解决语态问题

有时做题时我们对于时态问题比较关注，但往往忽略了语态，因此我们可以采用“先语态、后时态”的方式。

[典例1] (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Truly elegant chopsticks might __42__ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.

分析：情态动词后跟动词原形，但此处might后能填make吗？通过分析可知，elegant chopsticks与make之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，故填be made。

[典例2] (2017·延安市模拟)I finally went to ask the lady at student services and __63__ (tell) that her name was Kathy. 分析：and连接两个并列谓语，第一个是went，与之并列该填told吗？通过分析可知，I与tell之间为被动关系，故填was told。

注意点：特殊动词特殊对待

有些动词(短语)的用法特殊，例如belong to不用于进行时和被动语态；date back to/date from常用于一般现在时等。对此熟练掌握是

准确解题的前提。

[典例1] (2017·泰安市模拟)The festival __64__ (date) back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC－AD 220)．

分析：date back to意为“追溯到”，没有被动语态，且常与一般现在时连用，故填dates。

[典例2] (2017·铁岭市联考)It is about taking action to show the world that the right to read and write __64__ (belong) to all people. 分析：主句为It is about taking action to show the world，that引导宾语从句，其中主语是the right to read and write，belong to为句子的谓语，它没有进行时和被动语态，故填belongs。

[题组练通] Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2017·威海市模拟)No wonder it became (become) the fast Asian city named as a City of Gastronomy (美食) by UNESCO in 2010.

2．(2017·成都市模拟)I think that our choices are_influenced (influence) by our parents.

3．(2017·淮南二中模拟)Up to now, the group has_produced (produce) 21 plays and built a considerable fan base.

4．(2017·枣庄市模拟)Languages cannot be taught; they can only be_learned (learn)．

5．(2017·银川九中模拟)It arose (arise) in the late 18th century and became fully developed and recognized by the mid-19th century.

6．(2017·揭阳市模拟)It is the third time so far that such a meeting has_been_held (hold) in my hometown. 7．(2017·豫南九校模拟)She said she had_noticed (notice) a big change in me and wondered why.

8．(2017·襄阳市模拟)It is_hoped (hope) that the festival will promote its cultural “soft power” abroad.

9．(2017·福州市质检)So it is_believed (believe) that practising T’ai Chi can in some way help us stand, move and run better.

10．(2017·福州市质检)For Marleni Calcina, who has_done (do) T’ai Chi for over 10 years, it’s not only a sport, but also a way of life.

11．(2017·潍坊中学模拟)They should be_taught (teach) to be grateful to their parents, who have given them life but ask for nothing in return.

12．He thanked me for helping him as he had_asked (ask)four others before and they told him no.

13．(2017·福州市外国语学校模拟)This was the first time I had_been (be) in a sandstorm in Dubai and I don’t ever want to be in one again.

14．On one occasion, he was_trapped (trap) by a snowstorm in a vast mountainous area.

15．(2017·九江市联考)However, thanks to the international agreement, there has_been (be) much less illegal hunting since 1990. 16．Totally disconnected from the Internet, the robot is_expected (expect) to solve all problems with its own AI program.

17．(2017·漳州市联考)A study last year showed (show) that about 8 million tons of plastic enters the oceans every year.

18．(2017·湖北省八校联考)On my previous visits my travel was_limited (limit) to the three major cities of Beijing, Shanghai and Chongqing.

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．(2017·邯郸市模拟)Last Monday, we hold a monitor election

during our class meeting.hold→held 2．I had learned English for 6 years but my spoken English remains poor.had→have 3．(2017·淮北市模拟)There was a time when I caught in the sadness of not passing an important exam.caught前加was 4．My friendship with Yang Qing began when we meet in our school photo club.meet→met 5．(2017·南昌二中模拟)I believe my school become better and better, and I hope you will visit my school again.become前加will 6．(2017·临沂市模拟)Three years ago I fail in an important exam in my life and became a student in an ordinary school.fail→failed 7．(2017·漳州市八校联考)I have offered a scholarship at a university in Australia for my further education.offered前加been 8．(2017·西安市模拟)The food was tasted good and we had fun together.去掉was 9．(2017·襄阳五中模拟)We encouraged to think for ourselves, which is quite different from what I have experienced before.encouraged前加are

10．(2017·太原五中模拟)So far, I had been working as the chief editor for half a year, which helps me a lot with my leadership skills.had→have

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