直流电机调速测速系统开发 - 图文

直流电机调速测速系统开发

作 者 姓 名 专 业指导教师姓名专业技术职务

通信工程

目 录

摘 要 ................................................................................................................ 1 第一章 绪论 ................................................................................................... 3

1.1引言 .............................................................................................................. 3 1.2直流电机的调速测速系统的发展 .............................................................. 3 1.3 直流电机调速方法 ...................................................................................... 4 1.4直流电机测速方法 ...................................................................................... 5 1.5 直流电机调速的基本原理 ......................................................................... 6 1.6 PWM调速方法的优越性............................................................................... 7 1.7本章小结 ...................................................................................................... 7

第二章 系统原理及方案设计 ..................................................................... 7

2.2系统总体方案 .............................................................................................. 7 2.3系统工作原理 .............................................................................................. 8 2.4本章小结 ...................................................................................................... 9

第三章 系统硬件及对应电路设计 ............................................................. 9

3.1转速测量电路设计 ...................................................................................... 9 3.1.1光栅盘 ....................................................................................................................... 9 3.1.2光电传感器 ............................................................................................................ 10 3.2信号调理电路 ............................................................................................ 11 3.3 LCD液晶显示 ............................................................................................. 11 3.4 直流电机驱动 ............................................................................................ 13 3.5单片机 ........................................................................................................ 14 3.5.1单片机的选型 ....................................................................................................... 14 3.5.2 PIC18F4520单片机的优点 ............................................................................. 15 3.5.3 PIC18F4520单片机的PWM模式 .................................................................... 16 3.6 与PIC单片机及电机的接口 ................................................................... 18 3.7系统硬件电路设计的原则 ........................................................................ 19 3.8本章小结 .................................................................................................... 19

第四章 系统软件设计 ................................................................................ 19

4.1引言 ............................................................................................................ 19 4.2系统应用程序设计 .................................................................................... 20 4.3直流电机转速控制器的软件设计 ............................................................ 20 4.4 系统软件设计剖析 .................................................................................... 22 4.4.1系统初始化模块 .................................................................................................. 22 4.4.2 电机运转控制模块 ............................................................................................. 25 4.4.3 按键识别模块 ...................................................................................................... 26 4.4.4 按键方法程序框图 ............................................................................................. 27 4.4.5 电机启动、停止控制键功能处理 ................................................................. 27 4.4.6 电机正反转控制键功能处理 .......................................................................... 28 4.4.7 电机速度控制键功能处理 ............................................................................... 28 4.4.8 LCD显示模块 ....................................................................................................... 29 4.4.9转速测量子程序 .................................................................................................. 30 4.5本章小结 .................................................................................................... 30

第五章 结果与分析 .................................................................................... 30

5.1运行结果 .................................................................................................... 30 5.2遇到的问题及解决方法 ............................................................................ 31 5.3总结 ............................................................................................................ 31

参考文献 .......................................................................................................... 33 附 录 .............................................................................................................. 34 致 谢 .............................................................................................................. 50

2011届本科生毕业设计（论文）

摘 要

如今，直流电机的调速测速系统已经在各行各业得到了广泛的应用和发展。长期以来，直流电动机因其转速调节比较灵活，方法简单，易于大范围平滑调速，控制性能好等特点，一直在传动领域占有统治地位。随着现代化生产规模的不断扩大，各个行业对直流电机的需求愈益增大，并对其性能提出了更高的要求。为此，研究并制造高性能、高可靠性的直流电机控制系统有着十分重要的现实意义。

本设计是基于PIC单片机的直流电机调速测速系统。论文根据系统的要求完成了整体方案设计和系统的硬件选型，并针对所设计的控制方案分别对系统的硬件系统和软件系统进行了详细的论述。硬件部分首先介绍了各个硬件的选型以及对应的电路设计，然后介绍了以PIC18F4520单片机为核心的的硬件构成，对测量电路、显示电路、调速电路等做了详细的阐述；软件部分采用模块化设计思想, 编制了各个模块的流程图,论述了软件的设计思想和方法,实现了对直流电动机的转动参数的设置、启动、停止、加速、减速和显示等功能。

利用PIC18系列芯片进行低成本直流电动机控制系统的设计，能够简化系统构成、降低系统成本、增强系统性能、满足更多应用场合的需要。除此之外PIC18F4520还引进了增强型设计，使得该单片机成为许多高性能和节能应用的明智选择。 关键词：直流电机 PIC单片机 速度控制 速度检测

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2011届本科生毕业设计（论文）

ABSTRACT

Nowadays，the speed testing and controlling system of DC motor have been widely used and developed in every aspect of life. For a long time，DC motor has Possessed the main role in the area of electric drive because of its neatly adjustment, simple method and smooth timing in a wide range，besides，its control Performance excellent. As the scale of Production becomes larger and larger，the demand and requirements become higher and higher .So the research on improving the DC controlling system behavior has important sense.

This design is a system of DC motor speed-testing and controlling Based on PIC MCU . It finished the total Project design of system and model selection according to the demants of the system.At the same time, the hard ware and software design of the system according to the Preceding solutions are discussed detailed. For the hardware Part after a dissertation on the whole design，the core hardware of the control system is the PIC MCU，the Paper introduced the details of some hardware Problem，including input circuit of measure circuit，display circuit and so on .The method of software Planning for it is also discussed. For the software Part，with the Introduction of modular design concept some Procedure flow charts of main Program subroutine are offered. The Paper designs the software which achieves the functions，such as install Parameters，download Parameters，startup，stop accelerate and decelerate.

This new family of PIC18 enables cost-effective design of controllers for DC motors which can fulfill more conditions，consisting of fewer system component，lower system cost and increased Performances. In addition PIC18F4520 also introduced the enhanced design that making the single chip high-performance and energy efficiency for many applications to be a wise choice.

Key words：DC Motor ; PICMCU; Speeds Control ; Speeds Text

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