英语背诵名篇English Classics

西南科技大学外国语学院

英语专业

英语名篇背诵手册

班级：

姓名：

2005.10

目 录

一年级（10篇） 上学期：

1. Much to Live For

2. Charles Dickens: A Tale of Two Cities

3. Carl Sandburg : Fog / Edna St. Vincent Millay: First Fog 4. Samuel Ullman: Youth

5. Charles Dickens: David Copperfield （chapter 11） 下学期：

1. George Gordon Byron: She Walks in Beauty 2. Charles Dickens: Great Expectations 3. Helen hunt Jackson: September 4. Charlotte Bronte: Jane Eyre 5. The Garden of Eden 二年级（10篇） 上学期 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Hallowe'en Frankness

Robert Frost: The Road Not Taken Lincoln‘s Gettysburg Address

Robert Frost: Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

下学期：

1. Winston Churchill

2. Hamlin Garland: Do You Fear the Wind? 3. George Graham Vest: A Tribute To The Dog 4. Robert Hayden: Those Winter Sundays 5. General Mac Arthur's Prayer for His Son 三年级（10篇） 上学期： 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

William Blake: Spring Song Thrift

Ezra Pound: A Girl

Advice To A Young Man I Have a Dream

下学期：

1. Helen Keller: Three Days to See 2. Robert Herrick： To Daffodils 3. Samuel Smiles

4. Two Ways of Thinking of History 5. The most loved place 四年级 （自选背诵6篇）

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

The New England weather His acts being seven ages Art and Life

William Shakespeare What Is Immortal My heart

说明：

1. 所附“验收表”供教师在考核学生英语名篇背诵情况时使用; 2. 学生可以持此表找任何专业课任课教师进行背诵验收;

3. 每学期期末由基础英语\\综合英语\\高级英语课程任课教师收集登记一次。背诵的内

容在规定的学期考试中考核；毕业论文答辩前导师组将抽查背诵，并公开展示此手册；

4．成绩分ABC三等。验收教师应有高度的责任感，严格判定成绩，未过关的不予签字； 5．鼓励学生背诵超出本手册范围的篇章。

Content

1. Much to Live For…………………………………………………………......1 2. Charles Dickens: A Tale of Two Cities ………………………………………3 3. Carl Sandburg : Fog / Edna St. Vincent Millay: First Fig……………………5 4. Samuel Ullman: Youth ………………………………………………………7 5. Charles Dickens: David Copperfield （chapter 11）………………………9 6. George Gordon Byron: She Walks in Beauty………………………………10 7. Charles Dickens: Great Expectations ………………………………………12 8. Helen hunt Jackson: September ……………………………………………14 9. Charlotte Bronte: Jane Eyre …………………………………………………16 10. The Garden of Eden …………………………………………………………18 11. Hallowe'en …………………………………………………………………19 12. Frankness……………………………………………………………………12 13. Robert Frost: The Road Not Taken…………………………………………22 14. Lincoln‘s Gettysburg Address………………………………………………24 15. Robert Frost: Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening……………………28 16. Winston Churchill…………………………………………………………30 17. Hamlin Garland: Do You Fear the Wind? ………………………………31 18. George Graham Vest: A Tribute To The Dog ……………………………34 19. Robert Hayden: Those Winter Sundays……………………………………36 20. General Mac Arthur's Prayer for His Son…………………………………37 21. William Blake: Spring Song………………………………………………39 22. Thrift………………………………………………………………………41 23. Ezra Pound: A Girl…………………………………………………………43 24. Advice To A Young Man…………………………………………………45 25. I Have a Dream……………………………………………………………48 26. Helen Keller: Three Days to See…………………………………………51 27. Robert Herrick： To Daffodils…………………………………………55 28. Samuel Smiles……………………………………………………………57

29. Two Ways of Thinking of History ………………………………………60 30. The most loved place……………………………………………………63 31. The New England weather………………………………………………66 32. His acts being seven ages. ………………………………………………68 33. Art and Life ………………………………………………………………71 34. William Shakespeare……………………………………………………77 35. What Is Immortal …………………………………………………………79 36. My heart……………………………………………………………………82

1. Much to Live For

[导读] 热爱生活，让生命的体验成为一段美丽的乐符。翻开书页， 睁开双眼、用心体会这优美的语言和聆听这智慧的声音。

There is so much I have not been, so much I have not seen. I have not thought and have not done or felt enough -- the early sun, rain and the seasonal delight of flocks of ducks and geese in flight, the mysteries of late-at-night. I still need time to read a book, write poems, paint a picture, look at scenes and faces dear to me. There is something more to be of value-- something I should find within myself -- as peace of mind, patience, grace and being kind. I shall take and I shall give, while yet, there is so much to live for -- rainbows, stars that gleam, the fields, the hills, the hope, the dreams, the truth that one must seek. I'll stay here -- treasure every day and love the world in my own way! [注释]

seasonal delight: 季节性的喜悦

mystery: something that is not fully understood or that baffles or eludes the understanding; an enigma 秘密，谜

grace: A characteristic or quality pleasing for its charm魅力，优雅 rainbow: 虹，彩虹

gleam: To emit a gleam; flash or glow 闪光；闪烁或发光；闪耀

[参考译文]

生命中，有那么多我没经验过，有那么多我没见过。我没有充分想过，做过，或体会过 -- 朝阳、雨水、季节性的喜悦来自成群飞翔的野鸭与野雁和那些午夜的神秘。我还需要时间读书，写诗、作画、观赏景色与我所爱的脸庞。还有一些东西具有价值 -- 那是我应该发现在自己内心的 -- 心灵的宁静、耐心、优雅、与仁慈。我要接受而且我要施舍，然而还是有许多可以赖以生活-- 彩虹，闪烁的星星、田野、山丘、希望、梦想、人人所追求的真理。 我会在此 -- 珍惜每一个时日并且用自我的方式惜爱这个世界！

[Your Comments]:

2．Charles Dickens: A Tale of Two Cities

[导读]查尔斯-狄更斯，英国大名鼎鼎的作家，是19世纪英国现实主义文学的主要代表。他笔耕一生，靠勤奋和汗水创作出《双城记》、《大卫-科波菲尔》等世界名著。作品艺术上以妙趣横生的幽默、细致入微的心理分析，以及现实主义描写与浪漫主义气氛的有机结合著称。狄更斯在《双城记》一书开头就说，“这是一个最好的时代，也是一个最坏的时代”。妙哉斯言（此句经常被引用）！这段文字中多个平行句（句子结构相同）而打动读者。文中句型的反复、形式上的对偶、内容上的对比、总体结构上的平行（排比），值得仔细体会。

It was the best of times, it was the worst of times; it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness; it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity; it was the season of light, it was the season of darkness; it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair; we had everything before us, we had nothing before us; we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way. [注释]

wisdom：智慧, 明智的行为, 学识 epoch：age, era, period 新纪元, 时代, 时期 incredulity: 怀疑

despair: to lose all hope绝望, 失望

[参考译文]

这是一个最好的时代，也是一个最坏的时代；这是明智的年代，这是愚昧的年代；这是信任的纪元，这是怀疑的纪元；这是光明的季节，这是黑暗的季节； 这是希望的春日，这是失望的冬日； 我们面前拥有一切，我们面前没有一切； 我们都将直上天堂，我们都将直下地狱。 [Your Comments]:

3. Fog

[导读]桑德堡（Carl Sandburg）的短诗《雾》曾在各种媒体广为传播，是美国人家喻户晓的名作。

The fog comes on little cat feet. It sits looking over harbor and city on silent haunches and then moves on. [注释]

harbor: 海港 haunch: 腰 [参考译文]

飘过来的雾， 像小猫般轻盈迈步。 坐在港口城市上空， 四周环顾。 悄悄躬一下腰， 又开始赶路……

[Your Comments]:

4． Youth

[导读]《青春》一文，麦克阿瑟将军生前视之为座右铭，将之精心装裱在自己的桌上；许多世界名人将其随身携带，以至于皱折不堪。一位日本研究专家说“在日本实业界，凡有所成就，都熟知这篇短文”。它给予了一种启示，教我们如何美好的生活。20世纪初塞缪尔·厄尔曼（Samuel Ullman）写的这篇不足500字的短文《青春》一直为世人倾倒，过了这么多年它的魅力依旧；他1840生于德国，童年时移居美国。他在古稀之年才开始写作，是一个了不起的人。

Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life.

Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity of the appetite, for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of sixty more than a boy of twenty. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals.

Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust.

Whether sixty or sixteen, there is in every human being's heart the lure of wonder, the unfailing child-like appetite of what's next, and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station; so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from the infinite, so long are you young.

When the aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you are grown old, even at twenty, but as long as your aerials are up, to catch the waves of optimism, there is hope you may die young at eighty. [注释]

rosy cheeks: 红扑扑的脸庞 supple: 柔软的

vigor: 精力, 活力

temperamental: 心情变化快的, 喜怒无常的 predominance: 优势 timidity: shy 胆怯，害羞的 appetite: 食欲, 胃口, 欲望, 爱好 desert: 放弃, 遗弃 wrinkle: 起皱

enthusiasm: great excitement for or interest in a subject or cause狂热, 热心, 积极性 bow: 鞠躬, 弯腰, 屈服, 屈从 wireless: 无线的

infinite: having no limits 无限的，无穷的 aerials: 天线

cynicism: 玩世不恭, 冷嘲热讽 pessimism: 悲观, 悲观主义 optimism：乐观

[Your Comments]:

5．

David Copperfield （Chapter 11）

[导读]本段选自狄更斯（Charles Dickens）的《大卫·科菲坡尔》。作者极尽细节描写之能事，将David眼中第一次见到描述得形象鲜明，跃然纸上。尤其是脸部的描写细致生动，让人一见难忘。

I went in, and found there a stoutish, middle-aged person, in a brown surtout and black tights and shoes, with no more hair upon his head which was a large one, and very shining than there is upon an egg, and with a very extensive face, which he turned full upon me. His clothes were shabby, but he had an imposing shirt-collar on. He carried a jaunty sort of stick, with a large pair of rusty tassels to it; and a quizzing-glass hung outside his coat – for ornament, I afterwards found, as he very seldom looked through it, and couldn‘t see anything when he did.

[注释]

stoutish: 肥胖的, 体形臃肿的 surtout: 男用外套或大衣 tights: 贴身衬衣

extensive: Large in extent, range, or amount广阔的, 宽的 shabby: 破旧的, 褴褛的

imposing: 给人印象深刻的, 使人难忘的 jaunty: 感到自满的, 洋洋得意的 rusty: 生了锈的 tassels: 穗, 缨 ornament: 装饰物

[Your Comments]:

6． She Walks in Beauty

[导读]她走在美的光彩中，像夜晚；皎洁无云而且繁星满天。有人理解为赞美爱人的美丽，有的人则认为是一种意境的呈现。无论从什么角度去欣赏它，这首诗都那么的美，那么的打动人心。诵读时注意诗歌的用韵，每行结尾压韵的单词要重读。

She walks in beauty, like the night Of cloudless climes and starry skies; And all that's best of dark and bright Meet in her aspect and her eyes: Thus mellow'd to that tender light Which heaven to gaudy day denies. George Gordon Byron: She Walks in Beauty [注释]

G. G. Byron：拜伦，英国浪漫时期的诗人，著有长诗\” clime: 气候；地方 starry: 布满星星的

mellow: soft, sweet, juicy, and full-flavored 柔和、柔软的、甜蜜的；芳醇的。

mellow'd=mellowed, mellow'd是古英语拼法。 tender: 温柔的, 柔嫩的

gaudy: a feast or festival; called also gaud-day and gaudy day. deny: to give a refusal to; turn down or away 拒绝

[参考译文]

她走在美的光彩中，像夜晚 皎洁无云而且繁星满天 明与暗的最美妙的色泽 在她的仪容与秋波里呈现 彷佛是晨露映出的阳光 但比那光亮柔和而幽暗。

[Your Comments]:

7． Great Expectations

[导读]下面的一段选自查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens）的《远大前程》（1860－1861），这是他比较晚期的作品。狄更斯经历了丰富的人间生活后，对人，对周围环境，对自己的生活经历都有了深刻的认识，而所有他成熟的思想认识都汇总在《远大前程》一书中。

Great Expectations，意思是指一笔遗产，中文有的译为“远大前程”（有的译作“孤星血泪”）。这个译名给读者一种印象，即作品的主人公是有远大前程的。而事实上，这个“远大前程”是带讽刺意义的，这部作品的主题决非仅仅是写孤儿皮普想当上等人的理想幻灭的故事，如果这样理解，就领会错了狄更斯创作这部作品的意义。皮普生活在姐姐家里，生活艰苦，他的理想是当一名像姐夫一样的铁匠，他没有想当上等人。后来他之所以想当上等人是因为环境的改变。狄更斯的哲学思想之一是环境对人思想的影响。不同的环境可以造就成不同的人。皮普的整个发展过程是符合一般人性理论的。

这部作品的语言可谓是出神入化，要学习英国语言，这是一本典范。狄更斯的作品不矫揉造作，不选用那些华而不实的词语。他的用词都简单明了，朴实易懂。所以文字读来朴实无华，如行云流水。

As the night was fast falling, and as the moon, being past the full, would not rise early, we held a little council: a short one, for clearly our course was to lie by at the first lonely tavern we could find. So, they plied their oars once more, and I looked out for anything like a house. Thus we held on, speaking little, for four or five dull miles. It was very cold, and, a collier coming by us, with her gallery-fire smoking and flaring, looked like a comfortable home. The night was as dark by this time as it would be until morning; and what light we had, seemed to come more from the river than the sky, as the oars in their dipping stuck at a few reflected stars.

[注释]

council：An assembly of persons called together for consultation, deliberation, or discussion讨论会议

tavern：酒馆, 客栈

plied their oars：使劲划起桨来 collier：运煤船 gallery-fire：厨房 [参考译文] 孤星血泪

天黑得很快，偏巧这天又是下弦月，月亮不会很早升起。我们就稍稍商量了一下，可是也用不到多讨论，因为情况是明摆着的，再划下去我们一遇到冷落的酒店就得投宿。于是他们又使劲打起桨来，我则用心寻找岸上是否隐隐约约有什么房屋的模样。这样又赶了四五英里路，一路上好不气闷，大家简直不说一句话。天气非常冷，一艘煤船从我们近旁驶过，船上厨房里生着火，炊烟缕缕，火光荧荧，在我们看来简直就是个安乐家了。这时夜色已经黑透，看来就要这样一黑到天明，我们仅有的一点光亮，是乎不是来自天空，而是来自河上，一桨又一桨的，搅动着那寥寥几颗倒映在水里的寒星。

[Your Comments]:

8． SEPTEMBER

[导读] 海伦·亨特·杰克逊（Helen Hunt Jackson 1830-1885）是位多产的女作家，主要以同情印第安人、维护印第安人利益的作品为人们喜爱。九月是收获的季节, 累累的果实压弯了枝头。

The golden-rod is yellow;

The corn is turning brown; The trees in apple orchards With fruit are bending down. The gentian's bluest fringes Are curling in the sun; In dusty pods the milkweed Its hidden silk has spun. The sedges flaunt their harvest, In every meadow nook; And asters by the brook-side Make asters in the brook, From dewy lanes at morning The grapes' sweet odors rise; At noon the roads all flutter With yellow butterflies. By all these lovely tokens September days are here, With summer's best of weather, And autumn's best of cheer. But none of all this beauty Which floods the earth and air Is unto me the secret Which makes September fair. 'T is a thing which I remember; To name it thrills me yet: One day of one September I never can forget.

[注释]

golden-rod:秋麒麟草。在八、九月的开花期里，枝头会长满金黄色的小花。它的树枝宛如金色的鞭子一般，这就是它的英文名字“黄金鞭”的由来。

orchards：果园, 果园里的全部果树 bend：弯曲

gentian's bluest fringes：龙胆根的蓝蓝的须 pods：扁豆层, 豆荚

milkweed：乳草属植物

spun：spin的过去式和过去分词；旋转, 纺, 纺纱 sedges：[植]莎草 flaunt：挥动, 飘扬 nook：隐蔽处

asters：[植]紫苑 lane：（乡间）小路, 巷, 里弄 odors：气味

flutter：鼓翼,飞舞。 At noon the roads all flutter with yellow butterflies (蝴蝶).

[Your Comments]:

9． Jane Eyre

[导读]夏洛蒂·勃朗特(Charlotte Bronte)的《简爱》通过简·爱的自述，描绘的是一个出身贫苦家庭，长相平凡，无依无靠的女家庭教师的曲折遭遇。简，成为纯洁、热情、坦率、爱好真理，敢于追求幸福的女性的象征，因而形象鲜明。作品成功之处还在于作者在对人性的描述中，我们隐约看到了自己，卑劣或美丽的人性，而觉得心有戚戚焉。

“难道就因为我一贫如洗、默默无闻、长相平庸、个子瘦小，就没有灵魂和心肠了?——你不是想错了吗?——我的心灵跟你一样丰富，我的心胸跟你一样充实! 要是上帝赐予我一点姿色和财富，我会使你难以离开我，就像现在我很难离开你一样，我不是根据习俗、常规，甚至也不是血肉之躯同你说话，而是我的灵魂同你的灵魂在对话，就仿佛我们两人穿过坟墓，站在上帝脚下，彼此平等——本来就如此!” 这一段是绝对的经典，无需多言，不敢掠美。

'No: you must stay! I swear it - and the oath shall be kept'

'I tell you I must go! 'I retorted, roused to something like passion. 'Do you think I can stay to become nothing to you? Do you think I am an automaton? - a machine without feeling? and can bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lips，and my drop of living water dashed from my cup? Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong! - I have as much soul as you, - and full as much heart! And if God had gifted me with some beauty and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities， nor even of mortal flesh: - it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if

both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God's feet, equal, - as we are!'

[注释]

swear: 发誓 oath: 誓言 retort: 反驳, 反击 automaton: 机器人 morsel: (食物)一口, 少量 snatch: 攫取 dash: 泼溅

obscure: 身份卑微的

conventionality: 惯例, 俗套, 老一套 mortal: 人类的 grave: 墓穴, 坟墓 [Your Comments]:

10．THE GARDEN OF EDEN

[导读]《圣经》是从希腊文的biblia而来的，意思就是“书丛”。 圣经分为两部分： 旧约和新约，包括诗歌、法律、历史、预言、训诲、故事、书信等文体。旧约是希伯来人出离埃及时，上帝（耶和华）与人类（希伯来人）所立的旧的盟约以及此盟约的兑现。所谓“约”，即“约定”的意思。新约是上帝与人类所立的新的盟约，这盟约是以耶稣的圣训和他的生活为基础。下面是圣经故事《创世纪》中的一段。

GOD had made a beautiful garden for the first man and woman to live in. The garden, called Eden, was full of many wonderful things. Flowers as beautiful to look at as they were to smell grew everywhere. Soft, green grass grew under foot. The joyful music of songbirds drifted across gentle, warm breezes. A clear flowing stream gave cool, fresh water to drink, while hanging from the limbs of the many trees were all sorts of delicious fruits. Tasty vegetables grew free for the gathering. In the Garden of Eden were also all manner of animals, both large and small. Adam and Eve didn't have to be afraid of any of the beasts, for all the animals were their friends. GOD told the man and woman that it was their job to take care of their new home. He also told them that two special trees grew in the garden. One was the Tree of Life. The other was the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil.

GOD told them, \may eat the fruit that grows on all the trees except for one. You mustn't touch the fruit that grows on the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil. If you eat the fruit that grows on that tree you will die.\

[注释]

Eden: [圣经]伊甸园, 乐园

drift: something moving along in a current of air or water 飘；漂流 breeze：微风

Adam and Eve：亚当和夏娃(《圣经》故事人物,所谓人类始祖)

[Your Comments]: 11．Hallowe'en

万圣节

[导读]到神秘的鬼屋去探险，拜访那些可爱的精灵鬼怪，听听那些古老或新鲜的鬼故事，学

学做个吓人的南瓜灯笼，咬一口吊在空中的苹果，快乐来得这么简单，这就是万圣节！

Hallowe'en is a popular festival in many countries all over the world, and every year it seems to get bigger.

It's getting dark earlier and it's starting to get cold. Christmas is still a long way away. We need something to cheer us up and take our minds of the fact that winter is nearly here. See how much you know about the traditional festival of Hallowe'en.

The origins of the name

The festival of Hallowe'en has its roots in Celtic and Roman traditions. Over 2,000 years ago the Celts in Britain, Ireland and parts of France celebrated Samhain to mark the beginning of winter. When the Romans invaded, they merged this with Feralia, their celebration of the passing of the dead. As Christianity spread, the Church tried to replace these pagan feasts with official Church holy days. One of these was November 1. It was called \was known as \

Hallowe'en traditions

In the past there was a tradition called \In exchange, they promised to say prayers for the dead. People no longer go souling, but the habit has been transformed into a modern Hallowe'en game for children in America, who dress up as ghosts, witches and monsters and go around people's houses.

Witches

Hallowe'en wouldn't be fun without witches. Witches have always been part of popular folklore. Shakespeare's play \Macbeth\- who had special powers and had dealings with the devil. The American town, Salem, is famous for the \

Pumpkins

The pumpkin has become a symbol of Hallowe'en. People empty a pumpkin, cut a face into the side, and put a candle inside to make a lamp. It's known as a Jack O' Lantern, from a story about a man called Jack, who made a deal with the devil.

Animals

Black cats, frogs, mice and spiders are just some of the animals associated with Hallowe'en. Generally, the more unpleasant the animal, the stronger the Hallowe'en connection. Nocturnal animals like bats are particular favourites, and if, as is the case with vampire bats, they like drinking blood, they are high on the Hallowe'en list.

[注释]

Hallowe'en：万圣节前夕（10月31日夜）

Celtic and Roman traditions：在古代凯尔特人要在夏未举行仪式感激上苍和太阳的恩惠。当时的占卜者点燃灯笼并施巫术以驱赶据说在四周游荡的妖魔怪。后来，罗马人用果仁和苹果来庆祝的丰收节与凯尔特人的10月31日溶合了。

Samhain：也就是古代凯尔特人庆祝的节日（10月31日），literally means ―summer's end.‖ merge：融合

Feralia：古代的一个宗教节日 pagan：异教徒 witch：巫师, 女巫 monsters：怪物, 妖怪 folklore：民间传说

Macbeth：麦克白 (莎士比亚悲剧《麦克白》主人公) Salem：塞伦 pumpkin：南瓜

spider：蜘蛛, （设圈套者） Nocturnal：夜的, 夜曲的 vampire：吸血鬼 [Your Comments]:

12．Frankness

[导读]文中的第一段，常常为人们所引用。诵读时注意虚拟语气和情态动词的用法。

You must study to be frank with the world: frankness is the child of honesty and courage. Say just what you mean to do, on every occasion. If a friend asks a favor, you should grant it, if it is reasonable; if not, tell him plainly why you cannot. You would wrong him and wrong yourself by equivocation of any kind.

Never do a wrong thing to make a friend or keep one. The man who requires you to do so is dearly purchased at a sacrifice. Deal kindly but firmly with all your classmates. You will find it the policy which wears best. Above all, do not appear to others what you are not.

If you have any fault to find with any one, tell him, not others, of what you complain. There is no more dangerous experiment than that of undertaking to do one thing before a man‘s face and another behind his back. We should say and do nothing to the injury of any one. It is not only a

matter of principle, but also the path of peace and honor. Robert E. Lee

[注释]

frankness n.: candidness; outspokenness. 坦白；率直。 occasion n.: timely opportunity. 时机。

favor n.: kindness; friendly regard. 恩惠；眷顾。 grant v.: allow; give. 同意，允许；给。

reasonable adj.: proper; rational. 正当的；合理的。 plainly adv.: frankly. 坦白地。 wrong v.: do injustice to. 得罪。

equivocation n.: using expressions of uncertain meaning. 支吾其辞, 模棱两可的话。 deal with: treat. 对待。 wear: endure. 持久。

above all: more than all; above everything else. 首先，最重要。

have any fault to find with: criticize unfavorably; blame. 指摘；责备。 experiment n.: practical test. 试验。 undertaking: promising. 允许。 injury n.: damage. 损害。

principle n.: moral principles. 原则；道义。 [Your Comments]:

13．

The Road Not Taken

[导读] 罗伯特．弗罗斯特(Robert Frost) (1874一1963)的诗歌备受喜爱，原因之一是未受过多少学校教育的人都看得懂。他却坚持使用日常语言，描写自己观察入微的日常事件。弗罗斯特的许多诗歌反映了他与大自然的贴近。他通过自然来表达一种象征意义，而不是什么田园式的思乡情调。《未选择的路》是弗罗斯特的一首名诗，作于1915年我们也会时时站在人生的交叉路口，不知道该做出怎样的选择。是走一条大家都走过的平坦的路，还是选择那条很少有人踩过小道的呢？不同的选择导致不同的人生轨迹和命运，这需要你自己慢慢去领悟。

Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth;

Then took the other, as just as fair,

And having perhaps the better claim, Because it was grassy and wanted wear; Though as for that, the passing there Had worn them really about the same,

And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black. Oh, I kept the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads to way, I doubted if I should ever come back.

I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I— I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference.

[注释]

diverge：[?????????] vi.(道路等)分叉 lay：to put or set down

trodden: tread的过去分词; 踏, 行走, 踩碎, 践踏

[参考译文] 未选择的路 黄叶林中出条岔路， 无奈一人难于兼顾， 顺着一条婉蜒小路， 久久伫立极目远眺， 只见小径拐进灌木。

接着选择了另一条，

同样清楚似乎更好， 引人踩踏铺满茂草， 踏在其间难分彼此， 尽管它们都被踩过。

清晨里躺着两条路， 一样落叶无人踏黑， 愿将第一条来日补， 但知条条相连远途， 怀疑日后怎能回返。

在很久以后某一地， 我将叹息诉说于人， 两路岔开在树林里， 我选的那条足迹稀， 而一切差别由此起。 [Your Comments]:

14．Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address

[导读]葛底斯堡在美国宾夕法尼亚州。1863年7月1日至3日，北军在此重创了南军，扭转了战争局势。此战役后这里修了一个战争牺牲者的公墓。本篇是1863年公墓落成典礼上的演说词。

Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But in a larger sense we cannot

dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us — that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion, — that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, — tat this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom,—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. [注释]

Lincoln: Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865), 16th president of the United States (1861-1865). 林肯，美国第十六任总统

Gettysburg: a town in Pennsylvania, also the site of a crucial battle of the Civil War in 1863. 盖茨堡，美国宾夕法尼亚州。一个历史名镇，一八六三年南北战争时曾为战场。

fourscore and seven years ago: eighty-seven years ago, here referring to the year 1776, when the United States of America declared its independence. 八十六年前，此指1776年美国宣布独立时。 fathers n.: forefathers. 祖先 brought forth: gave birth to. 缔造

conceived in liberty: having liberty as an ideal of the nation. 以自由为理想 dedicated to: devoted to. 献身于

proposition n.: statement; assertion. 主张；信条

that all men are created equal: that all men are born equal, one of the self-evident truths mentioned in the Declaration of Independence. 美国独立宣言明白揭示的真理∶―人类是生而平等的‖

engaged in: occupied in. 从事于 endure v.: exist; last. 存续

a portion of that field: a part of that battlefield. 那战场的一部分 final resting-place: burial-place; cemetery. 葬地；墓地

gave their lives: sacrificed themselves; died for their country. 牺牲生命；为国捐躯 in a larger sense: broadly speaking. 依广义说 consecrate: v. set apart as sacred. 奉为神圣 hallow: v. regard as holy. 尊为神圣 detract v.: reduce in degree. 减损 thus far: to this extent. 到如此地步

gave the last full measure of devotion: gave the last, largest extent of devoutness. 鞠躬尽瘁

perish: v. be destroyed or ruined. 毁灭

[参考译文]

八十七年以前，我们的祖先在这大陆上建立了一个新的国家，它孕育于自由，并且献身给一种理念，即所有人都是生来平等的。

当前，我们正在从事一次伟大的内战，我们在考验，究竟这个国家，或任何一个有这种主张和这种信仰的国家，是否能长久存在。我们今天在这场内战的一个伟大的战场上聚会，我们要献出这个战场的一部分，给那些为这个国家的长存而付出了生命的人作为他们最后的安息之所。尽管这样做是适当的、应该的，但在更大的意义上说，我们不能奉献这片土地——我们不能使之神圣——我们不能使之尊严，因为那些曾经在这里奋斗的勇士们（死去的和活着的）已经使这块土地圣化了，远非我们的微薄能力所能再增减。世人不会特别留意，更不会

长久记得我们在此地所说的话，但那些勇士们在这里所做过的事，世界将永远不会忘记。相反，我们活着的人应该献身于那些曾在此作战的人们所英勇推动而尚未完成的事业。我们应该在此献身于我们面前未竟的伟大任务－－由于他们的光荣牺牲，我们应该从那些为这个事业已经付出了一切的死者身上获得更坚定的信念；我们在此立志誓愿，不能让勇士白白牺牲－－要使这个国家在上帝庇佑之下，得到新生的自由－－要让这个属于人民、依靠人民、为了人民的政府与世长存！ [Your Comments]: 15．

Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

[导读]《风雪夜林边停》是Robert Frost一首著名的诗歌。写的是雪夜美景？写的是守诺如一？写的是人生不得不向前行？不同的读者会有完全不同的理解。这就是文学批评中所说的“接受美学”的观点吧。

Whose woods these are I think I know, His house is in the village though. He will not see me stopping here, To watch his woods fill up with snow.

My little horse must think it queer, To stop without a farmhouse near, Between the woods and frozen lake, The darkest evening of the year.

He gives his harness bells a shake, To ask if there is some mistake. The only other sound's the sweep, Of easy wind and downy flake.

The woods are lovely, dark and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep.

[注释]

queer：奇怪的。由queer组成的词组，in queer street表示―负债‖、―在困难中‖ farmhouse：农舍, 农家

harness：(全套)马具, 系在身上的绳子 downy：绒毛的, 柔和的

flake：n. 薄片v. 使成薄片, 剥落, 雪片般落下 [参考译文] 风雪夜林边停 我想我知道谁是这林子的主人， 他的家在村子那一头。

他不会想到，我竟在这里停伫， 只为看那树林里面雪落霏霏。 我那小马一定会感到奇怪， 为何在这里停下，悄无人迹。 这边是树林，那边是冰冻的湖， 又是在这一年中最暗的黄昏。 他摇了下颈上的铃铛， 似乎问我有何异常。

没有其他的声音，只有微风，

卷着鹅毛似的雪花，沙沙地拂过。 静谧的树林，深邃幽暗，

我虽向往，可是我还得如约向前赶。 安睡之前仍然长路漫漫， 安睡之前仍然长路漫漫。

[Your Comments]: 16．Winston Churchill

[导读] ―…… 取得胜利会很艰巨，但必须胜利，无论其道路多长多远，因为没有胜利就不能生存‖ 。

…Victory in spite of terror, victory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival

We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and the oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be. We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender. Winston Churchill [注释] flag：悬旗

whatever：pron. 无论什么 beaches：海滩 surrender：放弃, 投降

[Your Comments]:

17． Do You Fear the Wind?

[导读] 哈姆林加兰 （Hamlin Garland 1860-1940)生于威斯康星州，早年曾在爱阿华州和南达科他州住过。中学毕业后赴波士顿，决心描写他熟悉的地区。这首诗注重格律，讲究韵脚，是历来传唱的经典之一。

Do you fear the force of the wind, The slash of the rain? Go face them and fight them, Be savage again.

Go hungry and cold like the wolf, Go wade like the crane:

The palms of your hands will thicken, The skin of your cheek will tan,

You'll grow ragged and weary and swarthy, But you'll walk like a man!

[注释] slash：抽打

savage：野蛮的, 凶猛的 palm: 手掌

tan：晒黑, 晒成褐色 ragged：粗糙的 weary: 疲倦的, 厌倦的 swarthy: adj.黑黝黝的, 浅黑的

[参考译文] 你可害怕寒风凛冽, 你可畏惧大雨滂沱 去迎着风雨努力拼搏 还你原始本色 像狼一样去经受饥寒 像鹤一般去跋涉河川 你的手掌变得厚实粗壮 你的脸庞晒得古铜发亮

你会变得衣衫褴褛，皮肤黝黑，疲惫不堪， 但你步履沉稳，是个堂堂男子汉！

[Your Comments]:

18． A Tribute To The Dog

[导读]这是一篇奇文。因为它是一篇法庭辩护词，作者George Graham (1830-1904) 是美国密苏里州的一个议员，是当时杰出的演讲家和辩论家。本篇是他早年从事法律工作时在法庭上为一位因狗被杀而起诉的人做辩护词。辩护时，Vest 没有要求任何证词，只是凭借其辩论就赢得了官司。他辩词的撼人之处在于：拿出人类兽性的一面与狗人性的一面作对比，引起法官们对狗的感激和同情，以及对杀狗人的强烈憎恶。这不仅仅是一篇辩护词，也是一篇优秀的讲演稿，更是对人性的呼唤…… 本短文共有九个限制性定语从句及一个非限制性定语从句可供参考、学习。

The best friend a man has in the world may turn against him and become his enemy. His son or daughter that he has reared with loving care may prove ungrateful. Those who are nearest and dearest to us, those whom we trust with our happiness and our good name, may become traitors to their faith. The money that a man has he may lose. . It flies away from him, perhaps when he needs it most. A man's reputation may be sacrificed in a moment of ill-considered action. The people who are prone to fall on their knees to do us honor when success is with us may be the first to throw the stone of malice when failure settles its cloud upon our heads. The one absolutely unselfish friend that man can have in this selfish world, the one that never deserts him, the one that never proves ungrateful or treacherous, is his dog.

A man's dog stands by him in prosperity and in poverty, in health and in sickness. He will sleep on the cold ground, where the wintry winds blow and the snow drives fiercely, if only he may be near his master's side. He will kiss the hand that has no food to offer; he will lick the wounds and sores that come from encounter with the roughness of the world. He guards the sleep of his pauper master as if he were a prince. When all other friends desert, he remains. When riches take wings and reputation falls to pieces, he is as constant in his love as the sun in its journeys through the heavens.

If fortune drives the master forth, an outcast in the world, friendless and homeless, the faithful dog asks no higher privilege than that of accompanying him, to guard him against danger, to fight against his enemies. And when the last scene of all comes, and death takes the master in its embrace, and his body is laid away in the cold ground, no matter if all other friends pursue their way, there by the grave will the noble dog be found, his head between his paws, his eyes sad but open in alert watchfulness, faithful and true even in death.

[注释]

tribute n.: phrase. 赞颂。

turn against: appose; become hostile to. 反对；仇视。 rear v.: bring up. 教养；养育。用爱心抚养出来的儿女也会不知感激。那些和我们亲近的人、我们信任的人也可能成为traitors（背叛者）。

ungrateful adj.: not thankful for favors. 忘恩负义的。 good name: high reputation. 好名声。

become traitors to their faith: betray their trust. 背信。

ill-considered: unwise; not well considered. 不智的；思虑不周的。 prone to: inclied to; apt to. 易于….. fall on their knees: kneel down. 跪下。

do us honor: treat us with respect. 尊敬我们。

throw the stone of malice: do harm to a person, especially in the dark. 投井下石；恶意中伤。 malice：―恶意‖、―伤害某人的意愿‖。有些人在我们成功时，随时都会跪倒在面前以示尊敬，而当我们遭遇失败时，会第一个恶毒地向我们扔石头。

when failure settles its clouds upon our heads: when we are in adversity. 当我们在患难时。

desert v.: abandon; forsake. 离弃。

reacherous adj.: disloyal; traitorous. 不忠的；背叛的；阴险的；奸诈的。而狗却不是这样，狗在任何时候都对主人忠心耿耿，无论其穷富、身体健康与否。 stand by: love; support. 爱戴；扶助。 prosperity n.: wealth. 富裕。

wintry winds: cold winds 寒风。wintry：winter的形容词形式，表示―冬天的‖、―寒冷的‖意思。只要能靠近它的主人，哪怕是睡在冰凉的地上、任由寒风侵袭，狗都无怨无悔。 lick v.: pass the tongue over. 舔。 sore n.: painful spot. 痛处。

encounter n.: combat; meeting. 抵挡；相遇。 roughness n.: rudeness of behavior. 粗暴行为。 pauper master: poor master. 穷主人。 desert: go away. 离去。

when riches take wings: when riches fly away. 当财去时。 reputation falls to pieces: reputation is ruined. 名誉一败涂地。 journey n.: a trip from one place to another. 旅程。

outcast n.: one who is cast out; an exile. 被弃者；流浪者。当主人被世人抛弃、无家可归时，狗也总是形影不离。

privilege n.: special right enjoyed by a person. 特权。 guard against: protest against. 防备。

the last scene of all: the last scene of one‘s life; death. 人生的最后一幕；死。 death takes the master in its embrace: the master is dead. 死神将主人抱在怀中，意即主人死了。

laid away: buried. 埋葬。

no matter if: it makes no difference if. 不论是否。 pursue their way: go away. 离去。

alert watchfulness: vigilance. 警醒；慎防

[Your Comments]:

19． Those Winter Sundays

[导读] Robert Hayden的这首诗歌是写父子关系的。父亲即使是星期天也闲不住，早

早起来生了火，却没有人感谢他。他的工作那样的辛劳，免不了会声音粗，脾气大（chronic angers）；但父亲的爱却是永远的。这首诗像一面镜子，照出孩子气的不懂事的你和我。

Sundays too my father got up early

and put his clothes on in the blueblack cold, then with cracked hands that ached

from labor in the weekday weather made banked fires blaze. No one ever thanked him.

I'd wake and hear the cold splintering, breaking. When the rooms were warm, he'd call,

and slowly I would rise and dress,

fearing the chronic angers of that house,

speaking indifferently to him, who had driven out the cold

and polished my good shoes as well. What did I know, what did I know of love's austere and lonely offices? [注释]

blueblack：这里有两种理解；一种理解认为是指黎明破晓之前天空的颜色，另一种认为是指肤色，因为作者是非裔美国人。 cracked：破碎的, 破裂的 blaze：燃烧

splinter: [???????????] v. 裂成碎片, 分裂 chronic: 慢性的, 延续很长的 indifferently: 冷淡地, 不关心地 polish: 擦亮

austere: 严峻的, 严厉的

[Your Comments]:

20．General Mac Arthur's Prayer for His Son

[导读]本段文字对比用到了很多对比。本段动词变化也很多，注意动词和宾语的搭配。中国学生学习英语在3个大方面掌握的不是很好：分词结构，情态动词（含虚拟语气）和动词搭配。

Build me a son, Lord, who will be strong enough to know when he is weak, and brave enough to have himself when he is afraid：One who will be proud and unbending in honest defeat, and humble and gentle in victory.

Build me son whose wishes will not take the place of deeds: a son who will know Thee -- and that to know himself is the foundation stone of knowledge.

Lead him, I pray, not in the path of ease and comfort, but under the stress and spur of difficulties and challenge. Here let him learn to stand up in the storm; here let him learn compassion for those who fail.

Build me a son whose heart will be clear, whose goal will be high; a son who will

master himself before he seeks to master other men; one who will reach into the future, yet never forget the past.

And after all these things are his, add, I pray, enough of a sense of humor, so that he may always be serious, yet never take himself too seriously. Give him humility, so that he may always remember the simplicity of true greatness, the open mind of true wisdom, and the meekness of true strength.

Then I, his father, will dare to whisper, \

[注释]

unbending: 不曲的, 坚决的, 不屈的 humble: 卑下的, 微贱的, 谦逊的 Thee: pron. <古> (thou的宾格) 你 foundation: 基础, 根本 compassion: 同情,怜悯 humility: 谦卑 meekness: 温顺, 柔和 [参考译文]

请塑造我儿，使他在软弱中能够坚强，在惧怕中勇敢面对，在失败中能不去不扰，在成功时能谦卑。使他务实而不虚幻，使他认识你以及他自己--知识的根基。

我求你别让我儿在安逸的小径中，请用艰难和挑来磨练他，让他学会在风雨中挺立不移，对失败者给予同情。

请陶冶我儿，使他心清志高，在管别人之前知道先管自己，知道期许未来忘记背后。 最后我祈求你再加一点：添增他足够的幽默感。使他虽严谨持守却不苛待自己。给他谦逊以便知道真正的伟大在平时，真正的智慧在于心胸开阔，真正的力量在于柔弱。

然后我敢说，我没白活。 [Your Comments]:

21．Spring Song

[导读] 布莱克（William Blake,1757-1827），英国诗人，著有诗集《Songs of Innocence》(1789)

（《天真与经验之歌》）、《先知书》、《伐拉，或四天神》。等。布莱克的诗读起来朗朗上口，有音乐的美感，充满感性，喜欢的人很多。

Spring is coming, spring is coming, Birdies, build your nest;

Weave together straw and feather, Doing each your best.

Spring is coming, spring is coming, Flowers are coming too: Pansies, lilies, daffodillies Now are coming through.

Spring is coming, spring is coming, All around is fair,

Shimmer and quiver on the river, Joy is everywhere. [注释]

straw: 稻草, 麦杆

Pansies, lilies, daffodillies: 三色紫罗兰, 百合花, 喇叭水仙花 Shimmer: 微光 quiver: 颤抖, 振动

[参考译文] 春歌

春天来了,春天来了: 野鸟们,筑巢罢, 以稻草和羽毛 尽力的筑巢罢!

春天来了,春天来了: 百合,紫罗兰, 以及水仙, 都把头探出来了!

春天来了，春天来了: 一切都如意了, 河面上闪亮着黄金, 啊，到处都是欢欣。 [Your Comments]:

2.Thrift

[导读]本文论述了节俭这一美德的重要。文章围绕论点展开，层次分明。

Thrift is the foundation of all greatness. It is applied not only to money matters, but to everything else in life--the wise use of one's time, ability, and energy. In short, thrift is the scientific management of one's money, of one's time, of one's affairs, and of one's self.

Thrift is the best word for us. It makes fortune. It uplifts character. It improves the quality of the individual. The exercise of thrift has a very healthful reaction upon all the other faculties. The habit of thrift denotes self-control. It is a proof that a man is not a hopeless victim of his weakness. It is a proof that he is the master of himself as well as of his finances.

Thrift is an educator. A thrifty man thinks and plans. He has a programme. He has a certain amount of independence. If you have cultivated thrift, it means that you have the ability to control your desires and that you are developing some of the grandest human qualities—self-reliance, independence, prudence, and foresight.

We know that all great nations are founded on thrift. The ancient Roman Empire degenerated and came to an end when it ceased to be thrifty. Yet thrift does not require superior courage. It needs no fervent resolution, but only a little patient self-denial. And BEGIN is its device!

[注释]

thrift: n. economy; frugality. 节俭；俭约

greatness: n. quality of being great. 伟大 in short: in few words. 简言之；要之

fortune: n. a great deal of money or property. 钱财 uplift v.: imporve. 提高

individual: n. a single person. 个人 exercise: practice. 实行

healthful reaction: helpful reaction. 有助的反应 faculty: n. ability. 能力

self-control: control exercised over one‘s self. 克己 victim: n. person sacrificed. 牺牲者 as well as: and also. 亦

finances: n. money; private income. 钱财；个人所得 educator: n. teacher. 教师

thrifty: adj. economical; frugal. 节俭的

programme: n. plan of what is to be done. 计划

independence: n. freedom from the support, control or influence of others. 独立；自主 grandest human qualities: noblest character. 最高尚的品德 self-reliance: n. reliance on one‘s own power. 自恃 prudence: n. caution. 谨慎

foresight: n. power to see or realize beforehand. 先见 founded: built up; established. 建立 degenerate: v. decline. 衰颓 came to an end: fell. 灭亡

fervent resolution: intense determination. 非常的决心 self-denial: n. self-control. 克己 device n.: method. 方策。

[Your Comments]:

23． A Girl

[导读]庞德 （Ezra Pound:1885-1972），美国诗人。参与发动“意象主义”运动，提倡以鲜明、准确、含蓄、凝练的意象表现具体事物。庞德说过：“最古典的也就是最现代的。” 庞德是英美现代诗坛一位巨将。他谙熟古今，善于旁搜博采，撷取各国文明之长以为己用。他的诗作突出地体现出古希腊、古意大利、古英诗以及法国中世纪普罗旺斯诗歌传统的影响。 曾将整个西方的视野扩展到远东（翻译过中国古诗）。]这是一首意象派诗歌。它所以耐人寻味，原因在于它给读者提供了广阔的想象空间。诗既不是对客观现象的机械反映，也不会直接将主观感情溢于字面，正因为诗具有“描写心灵”的特点，所以要求欣赏者运用想象、联想等方法，调动自己的情感去理解、感受、体味，从而产生强烈共鸣，这样即是对诗歌的“再

创造”。

The tree has entered my hands, The sap has ascended my arms, The tree has grown in my breast -- Downward,

The branches grow out of me, like arms.

Tre you are, Moss you are,

You are violets with wind above them. A child - so high - you are, And all this is folly to the world.

[注释]

sap: 树液

ascend: 进入, 上升 Moss: 苔, 藓 violet: 紫罗兰 folly: 荒唐

[Your Comments]:

24．Advice To A Young Man

[导读]罗伯特·伯德特 （Robert Jones Burdette）的作品逻辑严密，层层推进，富有感染力。

Remember, my son, you have to work. Whether you handle a pick or a pen, a

wheel-barrow or a set of books, digging ditches or editing a paper, ringing an auction bell or writing funny things, you must work. If you look around you will see the men who are the most able to live the rest of their days without work are the men

who work the hardest. Don't be afraid of killing yourself with overwork. It is beyond your power to do that on the sunny side of thirty. They die sometimes, but it is because they quit work at six in the evening, and do not go home until two in the morning. It‘s the interval that kills, my son. The work gives you an appetite for your meals; it lends solidity to your slumbers, it gives you a perfect and grateful appreciation of a holiday.

There are young men who do not work, but the world is not proud of them. It does not know their names, even it simply speaks of them as ―old So-and-So‘s boy‖. Nobody likes them; the great, busy world doesn‘t know that they are there. So find out what you want to be and do, and take off your coat and make a dust in the world. The busier you are, the less harm you will be apt to get into, the sweeter will be your sleep, the brighter and happier your holidays, and the better satisfied will the world be with you.

[注释]

son: young man. 年轻人

pick n: a sharp-pointed iron tool used in digging. 锄头

wheel-barrow n: a small vehicle with one wheel and two handles, used for moving small loads. 手推车

a set of books: a set of accounts. 一套帐簿 ditch n: a channel dug in the ground. 沟 paper: newspaper. 报纸

auction n: a public sale in which goods are sold to the highest bidder. 拍卖 overwork n: too much work. 工作过劳

on the sunny side of thirty: below thirty years of age. 三十岁以内 quit v: stop. 停止

interval n: the time between events. 间隔时间

The work gives you an appetite for you meals: The work sharpens your desire for food. 工作会增加你的食欲

it lends solidity to your slumbers: the work makes you sleep soundly. 工作会使你安然入睡 it gives you a perfect and grateful appreciation of a holiday: the work makes you have a good enjoyment of a holiday with much satisfaction. 工作会使你心满意足地享受假日

the world is not proud of them: the world dose not feel itself greatly honored by them 这世界并不以有他们为荣

So-and-So: a certain person. 某人

find out: think clearly; understand. 想清楚; 明了

take off your coat: keep up your spirits. 脱下你的外衣，意即提起你的精神 make a dust in the world: become prominent in the world. 扬名于世 the…the…: by how much….by so much. 愈…. 愈…. apt to get into: liable to suffer. 易于遭受

[Your Comments]:

25．I Have a Dream

[导读] 马丁·路德·金(Martin Luther King 1929—1968)，美国黑人解放运动的著名领袖，1968年被种族主义者刺杀。1963年8月28日，美国首都华盛顿举行大规模的黑人集会，为黑人争取自由平等和就业。马丁·路德·金在会上发表本篇演说。

I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today.

I have a dream that one day the state of Alabama, whose governor's lips are presently dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, will be transformed into a situation where little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls and walk together as sisters and brothers. I have a dream today.

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.

This is our hope. This is the faith with which I return to the South. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. [注释]

Alabama: 阿拉巴马州(美国的一个州) lip: 嘴唇 drip: (使)滴下 interposition: n. 异议 nullification: 无效 transform: 改变 exalt: 升高 crooked: 弯曲的 glory: 荣誉, 光荣 reveal: 显示,透露 jangling: 刺耳的

discord：意见不合, 嘈杂声 symphony：交响乐, 交响曲 brotherhood：手足情谊 jail：监狱

[参考译文] 我有一个梦

我梦想有一天，我的四个小女儿将生活在一个不是以皮肤的颜色，而是以品格的优劣作为评判标准的国家里。

我今天怀有一个梦。

我梦想有一天，亚拉巴马州会有所改变——尽管该州州长现在仍滔滔不绝地说什么要对联邦法令提出异议和拒绝执行——在那里，黑人儿童能够和白人儿童兄弟姐妹般地携手并行。

我今天怀有一个梦。

我梦想有一天，深谷弥合，高山夷平，歧路化坦途，曲径成通衢，上帝的光华再现，普天下生灵共谒。

这是我们的希望。这是我将带回南方去的信念。有了这个信念，我们就能从绝望之山开采出希望之石。有了这个信念，我们就能把这个国家的嘈杂刺耳的争吵声，变为充满手足之情的悦耳交响曲。有了这个信念，我们就能一同工作，一同祈祷，一同斗争，一同入狱，一同维护自由，因为我们知道，我们终有一天会获得自由。

[Your Comments]:

26． Three Days to See

[导读]马克`吐温曾说：―19世纪有两个奇人，一个是拿破伦，一个是海伦·凯勒。‖ 下面几段摘选自海伦·凯勒(Helen Keller)的自传《假如给我三天光明》，海伦虽然从小失明，但一个生活在黑暗中却是给人类带来光明的女性。 试想一个幽闭的盲聋哑世界里的人，竟然毕业于哈佛大学德克利夫学院，撰写了14部著作，并用生命的全部力量处处奔走，筹建慈善机构，为残疾人造福，被美国《时代周刊》评选为20世纪美国十大英雄偶像。在经历了种种的艰辛与磨难之后，她开始跨越了自己，挣脱出小我的圈子，她的心情逐渐开朗，“我要把别人眼睛所看见的光明当作我的太阳，别人的耳朵听见的音乐当作我的乐曲，别人嘴角的微笑当作我的快乐。”她接受了生命的挑战，她觉得自己获得了自由，内心深处的自由，她不仅仅是为了自己而活，她希望自己能奉献的不仅是几片绿叶，她要给世界整个春天。我们为之感动的不仅是文字本身的优美与真情，你的眼睛渐渐湿润了，因为你感受到的是伟大的心灵。

Most of us, however, take life for granted. We know that one day we must die, but

usually we picture that day as far in the future. When we are in buoyant health, death is all but unimaginable. We seldom think of it. The days stretch out in an endless

vista. So we go about our petty tasks, hardly aware of our listless attitude toward life. …

I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life. Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound.

Now and then I have tested my seeing friends to discover what they see. Recently I was visited by a very good friend who had just returned from a long walk in the woods, and I asked her what she had observed.. \might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such reposes, for long ago I became convinced that the seeing see little.

How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of note? I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me through mere touch. I feel the delicate symmetry of a leaf. I pass my hands lovingly about the smooth skin of a silver birch, or the rough, shaggy bark of a pine. In the spring I touch the branches of trees hopefully in search of a bud the first sign of awakening Nature after her winter's sleep. I feel the delightful, velvety texture of a flower, and discover its remarkable convolutions; and something of the miracle of Nature is revealed to me. Occasionally, if I am very fortunate, I place my hand gently on a small tree and feel the happy quiver of a bird in full song. I am delighted to have the cool waters of a brook rush through my open finger. To me a lush carpet of pine needles or spongy grass is more welcome than the most luxurious Persian rug. To me the pageant of seasons is a thrilling and unending drama, the action of which streams through my finger tips. Helen Keller: Three Days to See

[注释]

take life for granted: 把生命想当然 buoyant: 有浮力的, 轻快的

unimaginable: 想不到的, 不可思议的 vista: 展望, 回想

listless：倦怠的, 冷漠的，情绪低落的 incredulous：怀疑的, 不轻信的 accustom：使习惯于

symmetry：[????????] n. 对称, 匀称 silver birch：白桦树 shaggy：表面粗糙的

delightful：令人愉快的, 可喜的 velvety：象天鹅绒的, 柔软的

remarkable：adj.不平常的, 非凡的, 值得注意的, 显著的 convolutions：[?????????????] n. 回旋, 盘旋, 卷绕 brook：小溪 lush: 青葱的, 豪华的

luxurious: [????????????] adj. 奢侈的, 豪华的 pageant: 壮观

thrilling: adj.毛骨悚然的, 颤动的, 发抖的，令人振奋的

[参考译文]

但是，我们大多数人把生活认为是理所当然的。我们知道，某一天我们一定会死，但通常我们把那天想象在遥远的将来。当我们心宽体健时，死亡几乎是不可想象的，我们很少想到它。时日在无穷的展望中延展着，于是我们干着琐碎的事情，几乎意识不到我们对生活的倦怠态度。

……我常常想，如果每个人在他成年的早期有一段时间致瞎致聋，那会是一种幸事，黑暗会使他更珍惜视力，寂静会教导他享受声音。

我不时地询问过我的能看见东西的朋友们，以了解他们看到什么。最近，我的一个很好的朋友来看我，她刚从一片森林里散步许久回来，我问她看到了什么，她答道：―没什么特别的。‖如果我不是习惯了听到这种回答，我都可能不相信，因为很久以来我已确信这个情况：能看得见的人却看不到什么。

我独自一人，在林子里散步一小时之久而没有看到任何值得注意的东西，那怎么可能呢？我自己，一个不能看见东西的人，仅仅通过触觉，都发现许许多多令我有兴趣的东西。

我感触到一片树叶的完美的对称性。我用手喜爱地抚摸过一株白桦那光潮的树皮，或一棵松树的粗糙树皮。春天，我摸着树干的枝条满怀希望地搜索着嫩芽，那是严冬的沉睡后，大自然苏醒的第一个迹象。我抚摸过花朵那令人愉快的天鹅绒般的质地，感觉到它那奇妙的卷绕，一些大自然奇迹向我展现了。有时，如果我很幸运，我把手轻轻地放在一棵小树上，还能感受到一只高声歌唱的小鸟的愉快颤抖，我十分快乐地让小溪涧的凉水穿过我张开的手指流淌过去。对我来说，一片茂密的地毯式的松针叶或松软而富弹性的草地比最豪华的波斯地毯更受欢迎。对我来说四季的壮观而华丽的展示是一部令人激动的、无穷尽的戏剧。这部戏剧的表演，通过我的手指尖端涌淌出来。 [Your Comments]:

27． TO DAFFODILS

[导读]罗伯特·哈里克(Robert Herrick 1591-1674)，英国诗人.

Fair Daffodils, we weep to see You haste away so soon; As yet the early-rising sun Has not attain'd his noon. Stay, stay,

Until the hasting day Has run

But to the even-song;

And, having pray'd together, we Will go with you along.

We have short time to stay, as you; We have as short a spring; As quick a growth to meet decay, As you, or anything. We die,

As your hours do, and dry

Away

Like to the summer's rain, Or as the pearls of morning's dew, Ne'er to be found again.

[注释]

haste：匆忙, 急忙 attain'd：＝attained

[参考译文] 咏黄水仙花 优美的黄水仙，凋谢的太快， 我们感觉着悲哀； 连早晨出来的太阳 都还没有上升到天盖。 停下来,停下来， 等匆忙的日脚 跑进

黄昏的木暮霭； 在那时共同祈祷着， 在回家的路上徘徊。

我们也只有短暂的停留， 青春的易逝堪忧； 我们方生也就方死， 和你们一样， 一切都要罢休。 你们谢了， 我们也要去了， 如同夏雨之骤， 或如早上的露珠， 永无痕迹可求。

[Your Comments]:

28.Samuel Smiles

[导读]塞缪尔·斯迈尔斯（Samuel Smiles）英国作家，以道德教诲的作品―自助‖ (Self-Help，1859)最为有名。―书香轻拂沁心灵，诗行轻滑渗血液。青春时所读之书，垂暮时依然会回想，仿佛就在身边发生。书籍价廉物美，我们就在书香中呼吸。‖ 人们常常因同爱一本书而精神

共鸣——正如两个人有时因共同仰慕另外一人而彼此成为朋友。古谚云―爱屋及乌‖，而―爱其人，也爱其珍爱之书‖这句话里却含有更多的哲理。书是更忠诚更高尚的情感纽带。人们可以通过共同喜爱的作者而相知相契，息息相通。他们的思想与作者的思想水乳交融，密不可分。

A man may usually be known by the books he reads, as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men.

A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful of companions. It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress. It always receives us with the same kindness; amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age.

Men often discover their affinity to each other by the mutual love they have for a book--just as two persons sometimes discover a friend by the admiration which both entertain for a third. There is an old proverb, \more wisdom in this: \bond of union. Men can think, feel, and sympathise with each other through their favourite author. They live in him together, and he in them.

A good book is often the best urn of a life, enshrining the best thoughts of which that life was capable; for the world of a man's life is, for the most part, but the world of his thoughts. Thus the best books are treasuries of good words and golden thoughts, which, remembered and cherished, become our abiding companions and comforters. \are never alone,\said Sir Philip Sidney, \are accompanied by noble thoughts.\The good and true thought may in time of temptation be as an angel of mercy purifying and guarding the soul. It also enshrines the germs of action, for good words almost invariably inspire to good works.

[注释]

company: 陪伴

adversity: 不幸, 逆境 distress: 悲痛, 穷困 console : vt. 安慰

affinity: 吸引力, 亲合力 bond: 结合, 粘结

sympathise: 同情, 共鸣, 同感

urn: 壶。这一句的意思是：好书常如最精美的宝器，珍藏着人的一生思想的精华。 enshrine: 铭记 abiding: adj.持久的

Sir Philip Sidney: 菲利普·悉尼爵士 (1554-1586) 英国作家。 angel: 天使

mercy: 仁慈, 宽恕 purify: 净化

inspire: 鼓舞, 感动, 激发

[参考译文] 书为友

观其友而知其人，同样，察一个人读些什么书就可知他的为人，只因书与人一样，也能

做人之友。无论是书还是人，我们都应该择其最佳者为友。

一本好书可以成为人的挚友，古往今来，恒久不变。所有朋友中，书本最为耐心而又令人愉悦。我们身处逆境灰心沮丧时，书本并不变脸抛弃我们，始终如一，友爱接纳。我们年轻时，书本给我们以欢娱和陶冶；我们老迈时，又予我们以慰藉和鼓励。

黑兹利特曾说：―书香轻拂沁心灵，诗行轻滑渗血液。青春时所读之书，垂暮时依然会回想，仿佛就在身边发生。书籍价廉物美，我们就在书香中呼吸。‖

一本好书往往就是作者的人生结晶，里面蕴藏着他穷其一生的求索成果。因为人一生的世界大多就是其思想的世界，故而最优秀的书籍也就是至理名言和辉煌思想的富藏。这些思想若能铭记在心，就成为我们永久的朋友和永恒的慰藉。菲利普·悉尼爵士说得好：―与高尚思想为伴的人永不寂寞。‖

在我们受诱惑时，美好纯真的思想如同仁慈的天使，净化卫护着我们的灵魂，并蕴含着我们行动的萌芽，因为金玉良言总能激励我们美好的行为。

[Your Comments]:

29. Two Ways of Thinking of History

[导读] 罗劳斯（A.L. Rowse 1903-1997），是当代英国首屈一指的文史学者，著作丰硕，纵

横文学与史学两大领域。其史学作品有文学旨趣，而其文学著作又有史家见识，尤其擅长用传记来构筑断代史，为著名之伊利莎白王朝学者，他的英国伊利莎白社会历史三部曲（1950-1971）著作更是有口皆碑，但他也写了好几部丘吉尔家族传，所以他的史学情怀可说贯通今古。他毕生大部分的光阴都花在牛津大学诸圣学院（All Souls College）内，并为该院的研究员（fellow）。下面的引文片段，采自罗劳斯的《历史的用处》The Use of History (1946)。写这书时，已是他多年教学心得所汇编的结果。

There are two ways of thinking of history. There is, first, history regarded as a way of looking at other things, really the temporal aspect of anything, from the universe to this nib with I am writing. Everything has its history. There is the history of the universe, if only we knew it—and we know something of it, if we do not know much. Nor is the contrast so great, when you come to think of it, between the universe and this pen-nib. A mere pen-nib has quite a considerable history. There is, to begin with, what has been written with it, and that might be something quite important. After all it was probably only one quill-pen or a couple that wrote Hamlet. Whatever has been written with the pen-nib is part of its History. In addition to that there is the history of its manufacture: this particular nib is a ?Relief‘ nib, No. 314, made by R. Esterbrook and Co. in England, who supply the Midland Bank with pen-nibs, from whom I got it---a gift, I may say. But behind this nib there is the whole process of manufacture. . . . In fact a pen nib implies of universe, and the history of it implies its history. We may regard this way of looking at it—history as the time-aspect of all things: a pen-nib, the universe, the fiddled before me as I write, as a relative conception of history. There is, secondly, what we mat call a substantive conception of history, what we usually mean by it, history proper as a subject of study in itself. (Part I) [注释]

temporal：当时的, 暂时的, 现世的 nib：鹅管笔的尖端, 钢笔尖

considerable：worthy of consideration; significant 重要的值得考虑的；有重大意义的 Midland Bank：米特兰银行

the fiddled：不重要的事 substantive：实质的，实在的 [参考译文] 历史的面貌

历史的思考方式有两种。其一，历史作为审视其它事物是一种，其实仅为所有事物暂时的面貌，从整个宇宙到有正在书写的笔端。每一样事物都有它的历史。宇宙也有它的历史，要是我们知道的话──虽然我们所知有限，总算知道一些；仔细想一下，宇宙和这笔端，其间的差异也不是那么大。但即使仅是这笔端也有一段历史。首先，透过它便有写出来的东西，而这些可能相当重要。毕竟莎剧（哈姆莱特）也只靠一支鹅毛笔或二支便完成了。通过笔端所写出来的变成了它自身的历史。此外，还有制造过程的历史：我这支笔尖其实是英国艾斯塔布禒克（Esterbrook）厂牌３１４号凸版型产品，专门供应米特兰银行用品，我是从那儿取得的───或许应该说是银行的赠品。在这笔尖的北后有一连串的制造过程??。故此，这笔尖蕴含了一个宇宙，而它的历史也蕴含了它自身的历史。

我们可以把这种审视的方式看作──历史就是所有事务的时间之面貌：一支笔尖、宇宙、眼前我写作的领域??作为历史的相对观念。

其二，则为我们称作实质观念的历史，就是我们通常所说的，历史本身作为一个研究的科目。

[Your Comments]:

30.The Most Loved Place

[导读]每位作家在滚滚红尘中，大概都渴望有一个宁静恬适的地方，在那里不但可以思考写作，也可以让疲惫的心灵，有时候能够停泊在避风的港口。虽然有些作家相信“大圣隐于市”，因此并不刻意想在大自然中寻觅隐居之所，然而自然总是具有某种不可抗拒的魔力，当自然喃喃细语，含情轻诉之时，恐怕没有哪个作家，可以对它野性多情的呼唤充耳不闻。

下面这篇散文节录自加拿大当代小说家玛格丽特?劳伦斯（Margaret Laurence）所写的《陌生者之心》（Heart of a Stranger）。作者以其女性的纤细与敏感，用细致而传神的笔触，描绘出加拿大的自然美景，如何在作家的心灵中反应出一片宁静与祥和。劳伦斯的英文有种单纯洁净的素朴之美（想必其人也是如此），整篇散文弥漫着一股幽静、脱俗与离尘之气。尤其是轻轻慢读之时，我们似乎可以感受到每个文字，像是流动的音符一般，交织成了抚慰人心

的田野乐章。除此之外，散文本身还凝聚了作者思想的结晶；沉浸在作者清澄无暇的灵性之中，不论是何种污浊狎邪之思，终将被洗涤一清。且让我们心怀虔诚缓步进入萝伦丝文字的自然圣殿：

The most loved place, for me, in this country has in fact been many places. It has changed throughout the years, as I and my circumstances have changed. I haven‘t really lost any of the best places from the past, though. I may no longer inhabit them, but they inhabit me, portions of memory, presences in the mind…my best place at the moment is very different, although I guess it has some of the attributes of that long-ago place. It is a small cedar cabin on the Otonabee river in southern Ontario. I‘ve lived three summers there, writing, birdwatching, riverwatching. I sometimes feel sorry for the people in speedboats who spend their weekends zinging up and down the river at about a million miles an hour. For all they‘re able to see, the riverbanks might just as well be green concrete and the river itself flowing with molten plastic.

[注释]

circumstance：环境 inhabit：居住于, 栖息 attribute：品质, 特征 cedar：雪松 cabin：小屋, 船舱

Otonabee river：奥托拿比河

Ontario：[??????????] 安大略湖,在北美洲中东部，是美国和加拿大共有的湖 birdwatching：赏鸟 riverwatching：观河 speedboat：高速游艇

zinging：[俚][拟声词]尖啸声; 风嗖嗖声 concrete：混凝土 molten：adj. 熔铸的

[参考译文]

在这个国家里我最喜欢的地方其实一直有许多；这些年来，由于我们自己和情况的变迁，我最爱地方也随着改变。虽然如此，过去我喜爱过的任何一个地方我并没真正的失去它们。我或许不再居住在那儿，但它们却存在于我的心里；它们在我的记忆之中残留，也在我的心灵之中出现??。

此刻我最喜爱的地方相当不同，虽然我猜想它仍具有某些特质和老早的那个地方（即明湖，Clear Lake）一样。这个地方是安大略省南方奥托拿比河边的一间杉木小屋。我在那儿居住了三个夏天：写作、赏鸟、观河。有时候我为那些来此地度周末，却驾着快艇以差不多百万英里的时速在河上往来呼啸的人感到难过，因为这些人看见的河岸只不遛是绿色的混凝士岸，而河流本身也彷佛只是条闪亮的流动塑料。

[Your Comments]:

31.The New England Weather

[导读] 这是马克·吐温（Mark Twain，真名Samuel Langhorne Clemens，1835–1910)在纽约新英格兰协会上的讲演。他曾经这样比喻道：新英格兰的天气，好像女人的面孔，变化无常。其人笔力辛辣，风趣幽默，令人怀恋。

There is a sumptuous variety about the New England weather that compels the stranger‘s admiration—and regret. The weather is always doing something there; always attending strictly to business; always getting up new designs and trying them on people to see how they will go. But it gets through more business in Spring than in any other season. In the Spring I have counted one hundred and thirty-six different kinds of weather inside of twenty-four hours. …

Probable nor’-east to sou’-west winds, varying to the southard and westard and eastard and points between; high and low barometer, sweeping round from place to place; probable areas of rain, snow, hail, and drought, succeeded or preceded by

earthquakes with thunder and lightning. [注释]

sumptuous：奢侈的, 华丽的 admiration：钦佩, 赞美, 羡慕

nor’-east to sou’-west winds: 东北风到西南风 barometer：气压计

precede：领先(于), 在...之前, 先于

[Your Comments]:

32. His Acts Being Seven Ages

[导读]全世界是一个舞台， 所有男男女女都不过是一个演员；有上场的时候， 他的表演可以分为七个时期。

All the world ‘s a stage,

And all the men and women merely players. They have their exits and their entrances; And one man in his time plays many parts, His acts being seven ages. At first the infant, Mewling and puking in the nurse‘s arms. And then the whining school-boy, with his satchel And shining morning face, creeping like snail Unwillingly to school. And then the lover, Sighing like furnace, with a woful ballad Made to his mistress‘ eyebrow. Then a soldier, Full of strange oaths and bearded like the pard; Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel, Seeking the bubble reputation

Even in the cannon‘s mouth. And then the justice,

他们都有下场的时候，也都 In fair round belly with good capon lined, With eyes severe and beard of formal cut, Full of wise saws and modern instances; And so he plays his part. The sixth age shifts Into the lean and slipper’d pantaloon, With spectacles on nose and pouch on side; His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide For his shrunk shank; and his big manly voice, Turning again toward childish treble, pipes And whistles in his sound. Last scene of all, That ends this strange eventful history, Is second childishness and mere oblivion, Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything.

William Shakespeare. (1564-1616) As You Like It. Act ii. Sc. 7.

[注释]

infant：婴儿 Mewl：啜泣 puke ：呕吐 whining: 尖声哭叫 satchel: 书包, 小背包 creep: 爬行

snail: 蜗牛, 迟钝的人 Sigh: 叹息, 叹气

bearded: 有须的, 有胡子的 pard: 豹

Jealous: 妒忌的, 猜疑的 bubble: 泡沫, 幻想的计划 reputation: 名誉, 名声 belly: 腹部, 胃

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