化工管道设计技术词汇(中英对照完整版)

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化工管道设计技术词汇(中英对照完整版)

目录

1 管道组成件 Piping component ................................................................................................... 2

1.1 管子 Pipe .......................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 管件 Fitting ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 弯管 Bend ......................................................................................................................... 5 1.4 法兰 Flange (FLG) ........................................................................................................... 5 1.5 垫片 Gasket (GSKT) ........................................................................................................... 6 1.6 阀门 Valve ......................................................................................................................... 7

1.6.1 阀门结构、零件 ..................................................................................................... 7 1.6.2 常用阀..................................................................................................................... 8 1.6.3 其它用途的阀 ....................................................................................................... 10 1.6.4 未指明结构(或阀型)的阀 ............................................................................... 11 1.7 管道特殊件 Piping Specialty .......................................................................................... 12

1.7.1 管道特殊件(组件) ........................................................................................... 12 1.7.2 管道特殊元件Piping Special Element ................................................................. 13 1.8 端部连接 End Connection .............................................................................................. 14 2 管道用紧固件及螺纹 ................................................................................................................. 15

2.1 紧固件.............................................................................................................................. 15 2.2 螺纹.............................................................................................................................. 16 3 材料、型钢及填料 ..................................................................................................................... 16

3.1 金属材料.......................................................................................................................... 16

3.1.1 黑色金属 Ferrous Metal ...................................................................................... 16 3.1.2 镀层及制造方法 ................................................................................................... 17 3.1.3 有色金属Non-ferrous Metal ................................................................................ 18 3.1.4 材料性能 ............................................................................................................... 18 3.2 非金属材料 Non-metallic Material ................................................................................ 19 3.3 型材 ................................................................................................................................. 20 3.4 填料及填料函 .................................................................................................................. 21 4 管道等级及材料统计 ................................................................................................................. 21

4.1 管道材料规定 Piping Material Specification .................................................................. 21 4.2 材料统计 Material Take-off (MTO) ................................................................................. 22 5 设备布置及管道布置 ................................................................................................................. 22

5.1 设备名称 Equipment Name ........................................................................................... 22

5.1.1 容器 Vessel ........................................................................................................... 22 5.1.2 工业炉及锅炉 ....................................................................................................... 25 5.2 辅助用房名称 .................................................................................................................. 25

5.2.1 生产用房 ............................................................................................................... 25 5.2.2 生活用房 ............................................................................................................... 26 5.3 图名 ................................................................................................................................. 26

5.4 厂房、站、单元 .............................................................................................................. 26 5.5 设备布置.......................................................................................................................... 26 5.6 管道布置.......................................................................................................................... 27 5.7 图面标注.......................................................................................................................... 29 5.8 相关专业的专业词汇 ...................................................................................................... 29

5.8.1 工艺....................................................................................................................... 30 5.8.2 建筑、结构 ........................................................................................................... 32 5.8.3 仪表....................................................................................................................... 33 5.8.4 电气....................................................................................................................... 34 5.8.5 设备....................................................................................................................... 35 5.8.6 水道....................................................................................................................... 35

6 管道支吊架 Pipe Supports and Hangers ................................................................................... 37

6.1 管架零部件 Attachment of Support ............................................................................... 37 6.2 管支架型式 Type of Pipe Support .................................................................................. 38 6.3 标准及通用型支架 .......................................................................................................... 38 6.4 管架安装.......................................................................................................................... 39 7 应力计算..................................................................................................................................... 39 8 隔热、隔声................................................................................................................................. 42 9 防腐、涂漆及腐蚀种类 ............................................................................................................. 43 10 焊接 Welding ........................................................................................................................... 44

10.1 焊接种类 Varieties of Welding ..................................................................................... 45 10.2 焊接形式 Type of Welding ............................................................................................ 45 10.3 焊接位置 Welding Position .......................................................................................... 46 10.4 焊接缺陷 Defects of Welding ....................................................................................... 46 10.5 其它 ............................................................................................................................... 46 11 热处理 Heat Treatment ........................................................................................................... 47

11.1 普通热处理 Conventional Heat Treatment .................................................................. 47 11.2 表面热处理 Surface Heat Treatment ........................................................................... 48 12 检验及试验............................................................................................................................... 48

12.1 检验 Inspection ............................................................................................................. 48 12.2 试验 Test ....................................................................................................................... 48 13 设计阶段及管理 ....................................................................................................................... 49 14 询价、报价及采购 ................................................................................................................... 51

14.1 询价、报价 .................................................................................................................... 51 14.2 采购 Procurement; Purchase ........................................................................................ 51 15 单位 Unit .................................................................................................................................. 52

1 管道组成件 Piping component

1.1 管子 Pipe

管子(按照配管标准规格制造的) pipe

管子(不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管) tube 钢管 steel pipe

铸铁管 cast iron pipe 衬里管 lined pipe 复合管 clad pipe

碳钢管 carbon steel pipe 合金钢管 alloy steel pipe 不锈钢 stainless steel pipe

奥氏体不锈钢管 austenitic stainless steel pipe 铁合金钢管 ferritic 铁素体的 alloy steel pipe 轧制钢管 wrought-steel pipe 锻铁管 wrought-iron pipe

无缝钢管 seamless (SMLS) steel pipe 焊接钢管 welded steel pipe

电阻焊钢管 electric-resistance welded steel pipe

电熔(弧)焊钢板卷管 electric-fusion (arc)-welded steel-plate pipe 螺旋焊接钢管 spiral welded steel pipe 镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe

热轧无缝钢管 hot-rolling seamless pipe 冷拔无缝钢管 cold-drawing seamless pipe 水煤气钢管 water-gas steel pipe 塑料管 plastic pipe 玻璃管 glass tube 橡胶管 rubber tube

直管 run pipe; straight pipe

1.2 管件 Fitting

弯头 elbow

异径弯头 reducing elbow 带支座弯头 base elbow

长半径弯头 long radius elbow 短半径弯头 short radius elbow

长半径180°弯头 long radius return 短半径180°弯头 short radius return

带侧向口的弯头(右向或左向) side outlet elbow (right hand or left hand) 双支管弯头( 形) double branch elbow

三通 tee

异径三通 reducing tee 等径三通 straight tee

带侧向口的三通(右向或左向) side outlet tee (right hand or 1eft hand) 异径三通(分支口为异径) reducing tee (reducing on outlet)

异径三通(一个直通口为异径)reducing tee (reducing on one run) 带支座三通 base tee

异径三通(一个直通口及分支口为异径) reducing tee (reducing on one run and outlet) 异径三通(两个直通口为异径,双头式) reducing tee (reducing on both runs, bull head) 45°斜三通 45° lateral tee

45°斜三通(支管为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on branch) 45°斜三通(一个直通口为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run)

45°斜三通(一个直通口及支管为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run and branch) Y型三通(俗称裤衩) true “Y” 四通 cross

等径四通 straight cross 异径四通 reducing cross

异径四通(一个分支口为异径)reducing cross (reducing on one outlet)

异径四通(一个直通口及分支口为异径) reducing cross (reducing on one run and outlet) 异径四通(两个分支口为异径) reducing cross (reducing on both outlet)

异径四通(一个直通口及两个分支口为异径) reducing cross (reducing on one run and both outlet)

异径管 reducer

同心异径管 concentric reducer 偏心异径管 eccentric reducer 锻制异径管 reducing swage 螺纹支管台 threadolet 焊接支管台 weldolet 承插支管台 sockolet 弯头支管台 elbolet 斜接支管台 latrolet

镶入式支管嘴 sweepolet 短管支管台 nipolet

支管台,插入式支管台 boss 管接头 coupling, full coupling 半管接头 half coupling

异径管接头 reducing coupling 活接头 union

内外螺纹缩接(俗称补芯) bushing 管帽 cap (C) 堵头 plug

大管堵 bull plug 短节 nipple

异径短节 reducing nipple; swage nipple

1.3 弯管 Bend

预制弯管 fabricated pipe bend

跨越弯管(^ 形) cross-over bend 偏置弯管(~ 形) offset bend 90°弯管 quarter bend 环形弯管 circle bend

单侧偏置90°弯管(? 形) single offset quarter bend S形弯管 “S” bend

单侧偏置U形膨胀弯管(| ?形) single offset “U” bend U形弯管 “U” bend

双偏置U膨胀弯管 double offset expansion “U” bend 斜接弯管 lateral bend

三节斜接弯管 3-piece lateral bend 折皱弯管 corrugated bend 圆度 roundness

1.4 法兰 Flange (FLG)

整体管法兰 integral pipe flange 钢管法兰 steel pipe flange 螺纹法兰 threaded flange

滑套法兰(包括平焊法兰) slip-on flange (SO); slip-on welding flange 承插焊法兰 socket welding flange

松套法兰 lap joint flange (LJF) stub end 对焊法兰 welding neck flange (WNF) 法兰盖 blind flange, blind 孔板法兰 orifice flange 异径法兰 reducing flange

盘座式法兰 pad type flange 松套带颈法兰 loose hubbed flange 焊接板式法兰 welding plate flange

对焊环 welding neck collar (与stub end相似) 平焊环 welding-on collar 突缘短节 stub end, lap 翻边端 lapped pipe end

松套板式法兰 loose plate flange

压力级 pressure rating, pressure rating class

压力—温度等级 pressure-temperature rating 法兰密封面,法兰面 flange facing 突面 raised face (RF) 凸面 male face (MF) 凹面 female face (FMF) 榫面 tongue face 槽面 groove face

环连接面 ring joint face

全平面;满平面 flat face; full face (FF) 光滑突面 smooth raised face (SRF) 法兰面加工 facing finish 粗糙度 roughness 光滑的 smooth 齿形 serrated

均方根 root mean square (RMS)

算术平均粗糙高度 arithmetical average roughness height (AARH) 配对法兰 companion-flange 螺栓圆 bolt circle (B.C.)

1.5 垫片 Gasket (GSKT)

垫片的型式 type of gasket 平垫片 flat gasket

环形平垫片 flat ring gasket 平金属垫片 flat metal gasket

夹棉织物的橡胶 elastomer with cotton fabric insertion 夹石棉织物的橡胶 elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion

夹石棉织物及金属丝加强的橡胶 elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion and with wire reinforcement

无石墨压缩白石棉垫片 non graphite compressed white asbestos gasket 天然白橡胶垫片 natural white rubber gasket 压缩石棉垫片 compressed asbestos gasket

浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉垫片 PTFE impregnated asbestos gasket

夹石棉的缠绕金属垫片 spiral-wound metal gasket with asbestos filler 内环 inner ring

外环,外定位环 outer ring

波纹金属垫片 corrugated metal gasket

波纹金属包嵌石棉垫片 corrugated metal gasket with asbestos inserted

双夹套波纹金属包石棉垫片 corrugated metal double jacketed asbestos filled gasket 双夹套垫片 double jacketed gasket

金属包石棉平垫片 flat metal jacketed asbestos filled gasket 整体金属齿形垫片 solid metal serrated gasket

槽形金属垫片 grooved metal gasket

环形连接金属垫片 ring joint metal gasket 八角环形垫片 octagonal ring gasket 椭圆环形垫片 oval ring gasket 透镜式垫片 lens gasket

非金属垫片 non-metallic gasket

1.6 阀门 Valve

1.6.1 阀门结构、零件

阀轭 yoke

外螺纹阀杆及阀轭 outside screw and yoke (OS & Y) 阀杆 stem

内螺纹 inside screw (IS) 阀轭套 yoke sleeve 阀杆环 stem ring

阀座 valve seat (body seat) 阀座环、密封圈 seat ring 整体(阀)座 integral seat 堆焊(阀)座 deposited seat

阀芯(包括密封圈、杆等内件) trim 阀盘 disc

阀盘密封圈 disc seat 阀体 body 阀盖 bonnet

阀盖衬套 bonnet bush 螺纹阀帽 screw cap 螺纹阀盖 screw bonnet

螺栓连接的阀盖 bolted bonnet (BB) 活接阀盖(帽) union bonnet (cap) 螺栓连接的阀帽 bolted cap (BC) 焊接阀盖 welded bonnet (WB) 本体阀杆密封 body stem seal

石棉安全密封 asbestos emenen seal 倒密封 back seal

压力密封的阀盖 pressure-tight bonnet 动力操纵器 powered operator

电动操纵器 electric motor operator

气动操纵器 pneumatic operator 液压操纵器 hydraulic operator 快速操纵器 quick-acting operator 滑动阀杆 sliding stem

正齿轮传动 spur gear operated 伞齿轮传动 bevel gear operated 扳手操作 wrench operated 链轮 chain wheel 手轮 hand wheel

手柄 hand lever (handle)

气缸(或液压缸)操纵的 cylinder operated 链条操纵的 chain operated 等径孔道 full bore; full port

异径孔道 reducing bore, reduced port,venturi port 短型 short pattern

紧凑型(小型) compact type 笼式环 lantern ring 压盖 gland

阀杆填料 stem packing 阀盖垫片 bonnet gasket

升杆式(明杆) rising stem (RS)

非升杆式(暗杆) non-rising stem (NRS) 指示器/限位器 indicator/stopper 注油器 grease injector

可更换的阀座环 renewable seat ring

1.6.2 常用阀

(1)闸阀 gate valve

平行双闸板 double disc parallel seat 开口楔形闸板 split wedge

挠性整体楔形闸扳 flexible solid wedge 整体楔形闸板 solid wedge 塞型闸阀 plug gate valve

直通型闸阀 through conduit gate valve

(2) 截止阀 globe valve

球心型阀盘 globe type disc 塞型阀盘 plug type disc 可转动的阀盘 swivel disc

(3) 节流闪阀 throttle valve

针阀 needle valve

(4) 角阀 angle valve

(5) Y型阀(Y 型阀体截止阀) Y-valve (Y-body globe valve) (6) 球阀 ball valve

三通球阀 3-way ball valve

装有底轴的 trunnion mounted 耐火型 fire safe type

浮动球型 floating ball type

防脱出阀杆 blowout proof stem

DBB double block and bleed 双截断和排放(双截断和排放阀门,带有两个座合表面(即两个密封副)的阀门,在其关闭位置可通过在两个座合表面之间的阀体腔的排放/排气方法,提供其阀门两端的压力(承压)密封)。注意:当仅一端承压时,该阀门不能提供可靠的双隔离。

DIB double-isolation-and-bleed valve 双隔离和排放阀门,带有两个座合表面(即两个密封副)的阀门,其中每一个座合表面在关闭位置可通过在两个座合表面之间的阀体腔的排放/排空方法,提供其单源的压力(承压)密封。注意:本特性可在一个方向或两个方向提供。

(7) 蝶阀 butterfly valve

对夹式(薄片型) wafer type 凸耳式 lug type

偏心阀板蝶阀 offset disc butterfly valve; eccentric butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀 canted disc butterfly valve 连杆式蝶阀 link butterfly valve

8) 柱塞阀 piston type valve (9) 旋塞阀 plug valve

三通旋塞阀 three-way plug valve 四通旋塞阀 four-way plug valve 旋塞 cock

衬套旋塞 sleeve cock

(10) 隔膜阀 diaphragm valve

橡胶衬里隔膜阀 rubber lined diaphragm valve 直通式隔膜阀 straight way diaphragm valve 堰式隔膜阀 weir diaphragm valve

(11) 夹紧式胶管阀 pinch valve(用于泥浆、粉尘等) (12) 止回阀 check valve

升降式止回阀 lift check valve

旋启式止回阀 swing check valve, flap check valve 落球式止回阀 ball check valve

弹簧球式止回阀 spring ball check valve

双板对夹式止回阀 dual plate wafer type check valve 无撞击声止回阀 non-slam cheek valve 底阀 foot valve

切断式止回阀 stop check valve; non-return valve 活塞式止回阀 piston check valve 斜翻盘止回阀 tilting disc check valve 蝶式止回阀 butterfly check valve

1.6.3 其它用途的阀

安全泄气阀 safety valve (SV) 安全泄压阀 relief valve (RV) 安全泄压阀 safety relief valve 杠杆重锤式 lever and weight type

引导阀操纵的安全泄气阀 pilot operated safety valve 复式安全泄气阀 twin type safety valve 罐底排污阀 flush-bottom tank valve

电磁阀 solenoid valve, solenoid operated valve

电动阀 electrically operated valve, electric-motor operated valve 气动阀 pneumatic operated valve 低温用阀 cryogenic service valve 蒸汽疏水阀 steam trap

机械式疏水阎 mechanical trap

浮桶式疏水阀 open bucket trap, open top bucket trap 浮球式疏水阀 float trap

倒吊桶式疏水阀 inverted bucket trap 自由浮球式疏水阀 loose float trap 恒温式疏水阀 thermostatic trap

金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀 metal expansion steam trap 液体膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀 liquid expansion steam trap

双金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀 bimetallic expansion steam trap 压力平衡式恒温疏水阀 balanced pressure thermostatic trap 热动力式疏水阀 thermodynamic trap 脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀 impulse steam trap

放气阀(自动放气阀) air vent valve (automatic air vent valve) 平板式滑动闸阀 slab type sliding gate valve 盖阀 flat valve

换向阀 diverting valve, reversing valve 热膨胀阀 thermo expansion valve 自动关闭阀 self-closing gate valve 自动排液阀 self-draining valve 管道盲板阀 line-blind valve

挤压阀 squeeze valve(用于泥浆及粉尘等) 呼吸阀 breather valve 风门、挡板 damper

减压阀 pressure reducing valve, reducing valve 控制阀 control valve

膜式控制阀 diaphragm operated control valve 执行机构 actuator

背压调节阀 back pressure regulating valve

差压调节阀 differential pressure regulating valve 压力比例调节阀 pressure ratio regulating valve

1.6.4 未指明结构(或阀型)的阀

切断阀 block valve; shut-off valve; stop valve

(疏水阀用) 调节阀 regulating valve 快开阀 quick opening valve 快闭阀 quick closing valve 隔断阀 isolating valve 三通阀 three way valve 夹套阔 jacketed valve

非旋转式阀 non-rotary valve 排污阀 blowdown valve 集液排放阀 drip valve 排液阀 drain valve 放空阀 vent valve

卸载阀 unloading valve 排出阀 discharge valve 吸入阀 suction valve 多通路阀 multiport valve 取样阀 sampling valve

手动阀 hand-operated valve; manually operated valve 锻造阀 forged valve 铸造阀 cast valve

(水)龙头 bibb; bib; faucet 抽出液阀(小阀) bleed valve 旁路阀 by-pass valve 软管阀 hose valve 混合阀 mixing valve

破真空阀 vacuum breaker 冲洗阀 flush valve

第一道阀;根部阀 primary valve 根部阀 root valve 总管阀 header valve

事故切断阀 emergency valve

1.7 管道特殊件 Piping Specialty

1.7.1 管道特殊件(组件)

粗滤器 strainer 过滤器 filter

临时粗滤器(锥型) temporary strainer (cone type) y 型粗滤器 y-type strainer

T型粗滤器 T-type strainer 永久过滤器 permanent filter 丝网粗滤器 gauze strainer

洗眼器及淋浴器 eye washer and shower 视镜 sight glass

阻火器 flame arrester 喷嘴;喷头 spray nozzle 取样冷却器 sample cooler 消声器 silencer

膨胀节 expansion joint

波纹膨胀节 bellow expansion joint 单波 single bellow 双波 double bellow 多波 multiple bellow

压力平衡式膨胀节 pressure balanced expansion 带铰链膨胀节 hinged expansion joint

轴向位移型膨胀节 axial movement type expansion joint 自均衡膨胀节(外加强环)self-equalizing expansion joint 带接杆膨胀节 tied expansion joint

万向型膨胀节 universal type expansion joint 球形补偿器 ball type expansion joint

填函式补偿器 slip type (packed type) expansion joint 单向滑动填料函补偿器 single action packed slip joint

1.7.2 管道特殊元件Piping Special Element

软管接头 hose connection (HC) 快速接头 quick coupling 金属软管 metal hose 橡胶管 rubber hose 挠性管 flexible tube

鞍形补强板 reinforcing saddles 补强板 reinforcement pad 特殊法兰 special flange 漏斗 funnel 排液环 drip ring

排液漏斗 drain funnel 插板 blank 垫环 spacer

8字盲板 spectacle blind; figure 8 blind 限流孔板 restriction orifice 爆破片 rupture disk

法兰盖贴面 protective disc

费托立克接头 victaulic coupling

1.8 端部连接 End Connection

法兰端 flanged end

坡口端 beveled end (BE) 对焊端 butt welded end 平端 plain end (PE)

承插焊端 socket welding end 螺纹端 threaded end (TE) 承口 bell end

焊接端 welding end

法兰连接(接头) flanged joint 对焊连接(接头) butt welded joint

螺纹连接,管螺纹连接 threaded joint, pipe threaded joint 锥管螺纹密封焊连接 seal-welded taper pipe threaded joint 承插焊连接(接头) socket welded joint 承插连接(接头) bell and spigot joint 环垫接头 ring joint (RJ) 万向接头 universal joint

软钎焊连接(接头) soldered joint 搭接接头,松套连接 lapped joint

外侧厚度切斜角 bevel for outside thickncss 内侧厚度切斜角 bevel for inside thickness

内外侧厚度切斜角 bevel for combined thickness 法兰式的 flanged (FLGD) 对焊的 butt welded (BW) 螺纹的 threaded (THD)

承插焊的 socket welded (SW) 小端为平的 small end plain (SEP) 大端为平的 large end plain (LEP) 两端平 both ends plain (BEP)

小端带螺纹 small end thread (SET) 大端带螺纹 large end thread (LET) 两端带螺纹 both end thread (BET) 一端带螺纹 one end thread (OET) 支管连接 branch connection

焊接支管 branch pipe welded directly to the run pipe

2 管道用紧固件及螺纹

2.1 紧固件

螺栓 bolt

六角头螺栓 hexagonal head bolt 方头螺栓 square head bolt 螺柱,双头螺栓 stud bolt 环头螺检 eye bolt

沉头螺栓 countersunk (head) screw 地脚螺栓 anchor bolt; foundation bolt 松紧螺旋扣(花篮螺丝) turnbuckle U形螺栓 U-bolt T形螺栓 T-bolt

圆头螺钉 round head bolt 机螺栓,机螺钉 machine bolt 顶开螺栓,顶起螺栓 Jack screw 自攻螺钉 self tapping screw 膨胀螺栓 expansion bolt 粗制的 coarse

精制的 finished, fine 螺母 nut

六角螺母 hexagonal nut 方螺母 square nut 蝶形螺母 wing nut 扁螺母 flat nut 锁紧螺母 lock nut 垫圈 washer

平垫圈 plain washer

球面垫圈 spherical washer 弹簧垫圈 spring washer 方垫圈 square washer 斜垫圈 slant washer 销轴 pinned shan 销 pin

开口销 cotter pin 定位销 dowel pin 带孔销 pin with hole 圆锥销 taper pin

铆钉 rivet 键 key

2.2 螺纹

左螺纹left hand thread 右螺纹 right hand thread 管螺纹 pipe thread

锥管螺纹 taper pipe thread 直管螺纹straight pipe thread 梯形螺纹 trapezoid thread 螺距pitch of thread 粗牙螺纹coarse thread 细牙螺纹 fine thread

特细牙螺纹extra fine thread 通长螺纹full thread

惠氏螺纹whitworth thread 公制螺纹 metric ibread

美国标准锥管螺纹 American standard taper pipe thread (NPT) 螺孔 tap

3 材料、型钢及填料

3.1 金属材料

3.1.1 黑色金属 Ferrous Metal

碳素钢 carbon steel (CS) 低碳钢 low-carbon steel 中碳钢 medium-carbon steel 高碳钢 high-carbon steel

普通碳素钢 general carbon steel 优质碳素钢 high-quality carbon steel

普通低合金结构钢 general structure low-alloy steel 合金结构钢 structural alloy steel 合金钢 alloy steel

低合金钢 low alloy steel 中合金钢 medium alloy steel 高合金钢 high alloy steel 耐热钢 heat resisting steel 高强度钢 high strength steel 复合钢 clad steel 工具钢 tool steel 弹簧钢 spring steel 钼钢 molybdenum steel 镍钢 nickel steel 铬钢 chromium steel

铬钼钢 chrome-molybdenum steel

铬镍钢 chromium-nickel steel,chrome-nickel steel 不锈钢 stainless steel (S.S.)

奥氏体不锈钢 Austenitic stainless steel 马氏体不锈钢 Martensitic stainless steel 司特来合金(钨铬钴合金) Stellite 耐蚀耐热镍基合金 Hastelloy 铬镍铁合金 inconel 耐热铬镍铁合金 incoloy 20合金 20 alloy

平炉钢(马丁钢) Martin steel 镇静钢 killed steel

半镇静钢 semi-killed steel

沸腾钢 rimmed steel; rimming steel; open-steel 锻钢 forged steel 铸钢 cast steel 铸铁 cast iron (C.I.) 灰铸铁 grey cast iron

可锻铸铁 malleable iron (MI)

球墨铸铁 nodular cast iron; nodular graphite iron 生铁 pig iron

熟铁,锻铁 wrought iron 铸件 casting

高硅铸铁 high silicon cast iron

3.1.2 镀层及制造方法

渗铬钢,镀铬钢 chromized steel

镀铬的 chromium-plated, chrome-plated 镀层 plating

锻造,型钢 swage 锻造的,锻造 forging 轧制 rolling 热轧 hot rolling 冷轧 cold rolling 挤压 extruding

冷加工 cold working 热加工 hot working 拔制 drawing

3.1.3 有色金属Non-ferrous Metal

铝 aluminum 铜,紫铜 copper 黄铜 brass 青铜 bronze

铝青铜 aluminum bronze 磷青铜 phosphor bronze

铝镁合金 aluminum magnesium 锰青铜 manganese bronze

蒙乃尔(注:镍及铜合金) Monel 镍铜台金 nickel copper alloy 非铁合金 nonferrous alloy 钛 titanium 铅 lead

硬铅 hard lead

3.1.4 材料性能

极限强度 ultimate strength 抗拉强度 tensile strength 屈服极限 yield limit 屈服点 yield point

延伸率 percentage elongation 抗压强度 compressive strength 抗弯强度 bending strength 弹性极限 elastic limit

冲击值 impact value 疲劳极限 fatigue limit 蠕变极限 creep limit

持久极限 endurance limit 布氏硬度 Brinell hardness 洛氏硬度 Rockwell hardness

维氏硬度 Vickers diamond hardness, diamond penetrator hardness 蠕变断裂强度 creep rupture strength 断面收缩率 reduction of area 韧性 toughess 脆性 brittleness 延性 ductility

冷脆 cold shortness 冷流 cold flow

3.2 非金属材料 Non-metallic Material

塑料 plastic

丙烯腈—丁二烯—苯乙烯 acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) 聚乙烯 polyethylene (PE)

聚氯乙烯 polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 苯乙烯橡胶 styrene-rubber (SR) 聚丁烯 polybutylene (PB) 聚丙烯 polypropylene (PP) 聚苯乙烯 polystyrene (PS)

氯化聚醚 chlorinated polyether (CPE) 聚酰胺 polyamide (PA)

聚碳酸酯 polycarbonate (PC)

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 醋酸丁酸纤维素cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) 氯化聚氯乙烯 chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) 聚偏二氟乙烯 polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) 缩醛塑料 acetal plastic 尼龙塑料 nylon plastic 聚烯烃 polyolefin (PO)

石墨酚醛塑料 graphite phenolic plastics 聚四氟乙烯 polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)

纤维增强热塑性塑料 fiber reinforced thermoplastics 热塑性塑料 thermoplastic

热固性塑料 thermosetting plastics 胶粘剂 adhesive

溶剂胶接剂 solvent cement solute溶质

树脂 resin

环氧树脂 epoxy, epoxy resin 聚酯树脂 polyester resin 聚酯纤维 polyester fibers 氟塑料 fluoroplastics

聚氨基甲酸酯 polyurethane 丙烯酸树脂 acrylic resin 脲醛树脂 urea resin 呋哺树脂 furan resin

乙烯丙烯二烃单体 ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) 合成橡胶 synthetic rubber 橡胶 rubber

丁腈橡胶 nitrile butadiene rubber 氯丁橡胶 neoprene 天然橡胶 natural rubber

乙丙橡胶 ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) 玻璃 glass

泡沫玻璃 foam glass /cellular glass 硼硅玻璃 borosilicate glass 耐火砖 fire brick 陶瓷 ceramic

搪瓷 porcelain enamel 木材 wood

3.3 型材

型钢 shaped steel, section steel, swage 角钢 angle steel 槽钢 channel 工字钢 I-beam

宽缘工字钢或H钢 wide flanged beam T型钢 T-bar 方钢 square bar 扁钢 flat bar

角钢 hexagonal steel bar 圆钢 round steel; rod 钢带 strap steel 钢板 plate

网纹钢板 checkered plate 腹板(指型钢的立板) web 翼缘(指型钢的缘) wing

3.4 填料及填料函

填料 packing

石棉绳 asbestos rope, asbestos cord. O形环 O-ring

自密封 self-sealing 四氟带 Teflon tape

带铬镍合金丝的石棉绳 asbestos rope with inconel wire, inconel wire asbestos 浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉填料 Teflon impregnated asbestos packing 金属填料 metallic stuffing

填料箱,填料函 packing box, stuffing box 填料函压盖 stuffing box gland

4 管道等级及材料统计

4.1 管道材料规定 Piping Material Specification

管道等级 piping class; piping classification 管道等级号 class designation

公称直径 nominal diameter (DN); nominal (pipe) size 公称压力 nominal pressure (PN) 压力级,等级,类别 class (CL) 低压 low pressure (L.P.)

中压 medium pressure (M.P.) 高压 high pressure (H.P.) 大气压 atmosphere (ATM) 真空 vacuum

工作压力 operating pressure; working pressure 设计压力 design pressure

工作温度 operating temperature 设计温度 design temperature 环境温度 ambient temperature 腐蚀裕量 corrosion allowance 管道附件 piping attachment 管道元件 piping element 壁厚 wall thickness (WT)

壁厚系列号 schedule number (SCH. No.) 加厚的,加强的 extra heavy, extra strong

双倍加厚的,双倍加强的 double extra heavy, double extra strong 通用连接组 typieal installation

分组(类)形式(如管道等级表) block form 数据库 data base 文件 file

4.2 材料统计 Material Take-off (MTO)

汇总表 summary sheet 材料表 bill of material (BM)

综合管道材料表 consolidated piping material summary sheet (CPMSS) 统计材料准确度 accuracy of take-off

材料情况报告 material status report (MSR) 散装材料 bulk material 编位号的 itemized 代码 code number 短代码 short code 数量 quantity (QTY) 重力 weight 净重 net weight 毛重 gross weight

5 设备布置及管道布置

Plot Plan and Piping Layout,Equipment and Piping Arrangement

5.1 设备名称 Equipment Name

5.1.1 容器 Vessel

(1) 塔 tower, column

洗涤塔 scrubber 吸收塔 absorber 冷却塔 cooling tower

精馏塔 fractionating tower 蒸馏塔 distillation tower 再生塔 regenering tower 造粒塔 prfilling tower 汽提塔 stripper 脱气塔 degasifier

合成塔 synthesis tower

(2) 反应器 reactor

聚台釜 polymerizer

转化器,变换器 converter

脱硫反应器 desulphurization reactor 甲烷化器 methanator

(3) 气柜 gas-holder

螺旋式气柜 helical gas-holder 湿式气柜 wet gas-holder 干式气柜 dry gas-holder

(4) 槽罐

贮罐 tank; storage tank 缓冲罐 knock out drum

球罐 spheroid, spherical tank 罐 drum

接受槽 receiver

计量槽 measuring tank 加料槽 feed tank

排污罐 blow down tank 闪蒸罐 flash drum 汽包 steam drum

溶液贮槽 solution storage tank 地下槽 sloptank

(5) 其它设备

分离器 separator 旋风分离器 cyclone 分子筛 molecular sieve 脱氧器 deaerator 搅拌器 agitator 干燥器 dryer 混合器 mixer 萃取器 extractor 结晶器 crystallizer 澄清器 gravity settler 净化器 purifier 气化器 vaporizer 吸附器 adsorber 融解槽 melter

减温器 desuperheater 升压器 booster 喷射器 ejector 喷头 sprayer 火炬 flare

消声器 silencer

(6) 换热器、加热器、冷却器

换热器 heat exchanger 空冷器 air cooler

水冷却器 water cooler 冷凝器 condenser

螺旋板式换热器 spiral plate heat exchanger 蒸发器 evaporator 再沸器 reboiler 急冷器 quencher 深冷器 chiller 预热器 preheater 再热器 reheater 加热器 heater

电加热器 electric heater 过热器 super heater

给水加热器 feed water heater 中间冷却器 inter cooler 后冷却器 after cooler

5.1.2 工业炉及锅炉

炉子 furnace 烧嘴 burner 锅炉 boiler 烟囱 stack

废热锅炉 waste heat boiler 辅助锅炉 auxiliary boiler 省煤器 economizer

回热炉 direct-fired heater 辐射段 radiant section 对流段 convection section 裂化炉 reformer 焚烧炉 incinerator 回转窑 rotary kiln 炉管 furnace tube 吹灰器 soot blower

观察孔 observation door, peep door 防爆门 explosion door

5.2 辅助用房名称

5.2.1 生产用房

分析室 analyzer room

变压器室 transformer room

配电室,变电所 substation, switch room 蓄电池室 battery room 控制室 control room 通风室 ventilating room 贮藏室 storage room

维修间 maintenance room 办公室 office

5.2.2 生活用房

更农室 locker room

盥洗室,厕所 closet, lavatory, toilet

5.3 图名

管道布置平面 piping arrangement plan (PAP) 管道布置 piping layout 轴测图 isometric drawing 分区索引图 key plan 初版设备布置图(“A”版) preliminary plot plan ( “A” issue) 内部审查版设备布置图(“B”版) internal approval plot plan ( “B” issue) 用户审查版设备布置图(“C”版) owner approval plot plan ( “C” issue) 确认版设备布置图(“D”版) confirm plot plan ( “D” issue) 研究版设备布置图(“e”版) planning plot plan ( “E” issue) 设计版设备布置图(“F”) designing plot plan ( “F” issue) 施工版设备布置图(“G”版) construction plot plan ( “G” issue)

5.4 厂房、站、单元

压缩机房 compressor house (room) 泵房 pump house (room) 洗眼站 eye washer station 泡沫站 foam station

软管站,公用工程站 hose station (HS), utility station 成套设备 package unit 设施 facilities 罐区 tank yard

空分装置 air separation facility

5.5 设备布置

设备位号 equipment item number 工厂 plant

工厂区界 plant limit

项目区界内侧 inside battery limit (I.S.B.L.) 项目区界 batterylimit (BL) 区界 area limit

区域边界 zone limit 界外 off site 东 east (E) 西 west (W) 南 south (S) 北 north (N) 上 up 下 down

工厂北向 plant north 真实北向 true north 道路 road

小过道 cat walk, cat way

走道,过道 walk way, gangway, access way 污水坑(井) sump pit 集水池 catch basin 沟槽 through 预留区 trough 场地 future area 铺砌区 paving area 非铺砌区 unpaved area 碎石铺面 gravel paving 橡皮铺面 rubber paving 面积,区域 area

体积,容积 volume (VOL)

5.6 管道布置

管道设计 piping design 管道研究 piping study 走向研究 routing study 重要管道 critical piping

地上管道 above ground piping 地下管道 under ground piping 管网 network of pipes 管廊 pipe rack

管沟 piping trench 管间距 line spacing 管道跨距 line span 总管 header, manifold 旁路 by pass 排液 drain 放空 vent

上升管,垂直管 riser 导管 conduit 裸管 bare line

管件直接 fitting to fitting (FTF) 管段,接口 spool piece, spool 取样接口 sampling connection 集液包 drip leg 伴热管 tracing pipe 蒸汽伴热 steam tracing 热水伴热 hot-water tracing 电伴热 electrical tracing

夹套管 jacketed line, jacketed piping 全夹套的 full jacketed 平面 plan 详图 detail

“ ”视图X view “X”

“ ”剖视A-A section “A-A” 连接图 hook up drawing

接续图 continue on drawing (COD) 接续线 match line (M.L.) 比例 scale 图例 legend 符号 symbol

管口表 list of nozzles 方位 orientation

管口方位 nozzle orientation 定位 location 相交 intersection 水平的 horizontal

垂直的,立式的 vertical

垂直,正交,垂直的 perpendicular 平行,平行的 parallel

水平安装 horizontal installation 垂直安装 vertical installafion 对称的 symmetric 相反(的),对面(的) opposite 顺时针方向 clock wise

逆时针方向 counter clock wise

计算机辅助设计 computer aided design (CAD)

5.7 图面标注

绝对标高 absolute elevation

海平面标高 over-sea mean level (OSL) 标高,立面 elevation (EL) 混凝土顶面 top of concrete 架顶面 top of support (TOS) 钢结构顶面 top of steel 梁项面 top of beam (TOB) 支撑点 point of suppon (POS) 管顶 top of pipe (TOP) 管底 bouom of pipe (BOP) 沟底 boaom of trench

管子内底 invert (inside bottom of pipe) 底平 flat on bottom (FOB) 顶平 flat on top (FOT)

工作点 working point (W.P.) 面至面 face to face (F-F)

中心至端面 center to end (C-E) 中心至面 center to face (C-F)

中心至中心,中至中 center to center (C-C) 坐标 coordinate

坐标原点 origin of coordinate

出口中心线 center line of discharge 入口中心线 center line of suction 中心线 centerline (CL) 入口 inlet, suction 出口 outlet, discharge 排出口 exhaust 距离 distance

5.8 相关专业的专业词汇

5.8.1 工艺

(1) 图及表

流程图 flow diagram

工艺流程图 process flow diagram (PFD) 管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument flow diagram (PID)

公用工程流程图 utility flow diagram (UFD) 管线表 line list; line schedule 命名表;管道表 nomenclature 设备表 equipment list (schedule)

(2) 流体 fluid

空气 air

仪表空气 instrument air 工艺空气 process air

低压蒸汽 low pressure steam 中压蒸汽 medium pressure steam 高压蒸汽 high pressure steam 伴热蒸汽 tracing steam 饱和蒸汽 saturated steam 过热蒸汽 superheated steam 氧气 oxygen 氢气 hydrogen 氮气 nitrogen 燃料气 fuel gas 天然气 natural gas 火炬气 flare gas 酸性气 sour gas

液化石油气 liquefired petroleum gas (LPG) 氨气 ammonia gas 冷却水 cooling water 循环水 circulating water 锅炉给水 boiler feed water 热水 hot water

蒸汽冷凝水 steam condensate 盐水 brine

工艺水 process water

化学污水 chemical sewage 防腐剂 corrosion inhibitor 重油 heavy oil 石脑油 naphtha 燃料油 fuel oil

润滑油 lubricating oil 密封油 sealing oil 冷冻剂 refrigerant

载热体 heating medium 溶剂 solvent 溶质 solute 溶液 solution

母液 mother liquor 单体 monomer 聚合物 polymer

均聚物 homopolymer 共聚物 copolymer

工艺液体 process liquid 工艺气体 process gas 硫酸 sulphuric acid 盐酸 chlorhydric acid 硝酸 nitric acid 烧碱 caustic soda

(3) 流体特性 fluid characteristics

蒸汽压 vapor pressure

临界温度 critical temperature 临界点 critical point

临界压力 critical pressure 比热 specific heat 湿度 humidity 密度 density

比重 specific gravity 粘度 viscosity 闪点 flash point 融点 melting point 凝固点 freezing point 浓度 concentration

爆炸极限 limit of explosion

有毒的 toxic

可燃的;易燃的 flammable

(4) 其它

回收 recovery 再生 regeneration 循环 circulation

再循环;再生 recycle 补充 make-up 制备 preparation

蒸汽吹扫 steaming out 吹扫 purge

抽空;排空 evacuation 吹出 blow-off 排污 blow down

破真空 vacuum breaker 大气腿 barometric leg 备用 stand-by

化学清洗 chemical cleaning

净正吸入压头 net positive suction head (NPSH) 进料 feed 成品 product

污染 contamination

大气污染 atmospheric pollution 环境温度 ambient temperature

5.8.2 建筑、结构

建筑物 building

钢结构 steel structure

已有钢结构 existing steel structure

钢筋混凝土结构 reinforced concrete construction 楼面 floor

平台 platform (PF) 地面 ground level 栏杆 handrail

楼梯 stair; stair way 直梯 ladder

柱 column; post; stanchion 基础 foundation; footing

粱 beam

斜撑;支撑 bracing 桁架;主粱 girder 构件 member 隔墙 partition wall 墙 wall

篦子板 grate; grating 吊装孔 erection opening 吊梁 hoisting beam 棚 shelter 窗 window 天窗 skylight 门 door

防火门 fire door 地漏 floor drain 防火层 fire-proofing 总图 general plot plan 路肩 shoulder 桩 pile

灌浆 grouting 风荷载 wind load 雪荷载 snow load

动力荷载 dynamic load 静荷载 dead load 活荷载 live load 风速 wind velocity

主导风向 most frequent wind direction

5.8.3 仪表

盘(操作盘) panel 就地盘 local panel

仪表盘 instrument panel 常开 normally open 常闭 normally closed

电缆槽(架) cable tray (channel); cable rack 仪表电缆槽(架) instrument cable tray (duct) 压力计 manometer; pressure gauge 热电偶 thermocouple 温度计 thermometer 液位计 level gauge 玻璃液位计 gage glass

温度计保护管 thermowell 流量计 flow meter 孔板 orifice

变送器 transmitter 联锁 interlock

仪器;设备 apparatus

仪器分析 instrumental analysis 自动分析 automatic analysis 气体分析 gas analysis

化学分析 chemical analysis 气相色谱仪 gas chromatograph 液相色谱仪 liquid chromatograph 质谱分析 mass spectrometric analysis

5.8.4 电气

危险区划分 hazardous area classification 危险区平面图 hazardous area plan 电气盘 electrical panel 配电盘 switch board 电缆沟 cable trench 电流 current

直流 direct current

交流 alternating current 频率 frequency 相位 phase

功率因数 power factor 电压 voltage 电阻 resistance 电容 capacitance 静电 static electricity 接地 grounding; easthing 照明 lighting; illumination 避雷针 lightning preventer 电话 telephone 电线 wire

接线箱(盒) junction box 导线管 conduit tube

5.8.5 设备

固定鞍座 fixed saddle 滑动鞍座 sliding saddle 管口 nozzle

人孔 manhole (MH) 手孔 handhole (HH) 检查孔 inspection hole 吊柱 davit

切线 tangent line 焊接线 weldingiine 件号 part humbet

椭圆形封头 ellipsoidal head 加强圈 reinforcing ring 接地板 earth lug 吊耳 lifting lug 气缸 cylinder 轴 shaft

轴承 bearing

附件,附属设备 accessory

编位号设备 itemized equipment 无位号设备 non-itemized equipment

5.8.6 水道

(1) 流体

原水 raw water 硬水 hard water 软水 soft water

饮用水 potable water

循环冷却水给水 cooling water supply 循环冷却水回水 cooling water return 脱盐水 demineralized water

苦咸水(碱性水) brackish water 生活污水 sanitary sewer

工业废水 industrial waste water

雨水 rain water

污染雨水 contaminated rain water 消防水 fire water

(2) 装置、设施

软化装置 softener 沉淀器 settler 沉淀池 clarifier

脱盐装置 demineralizer 水处理 water traatment 冷却塔 cooling tower

中和池 neutralization tank 化粪池 septic tank 渗滤井 soak-away pit 井 well

阀井 valve pit 清扫口 clean out

(3)消防

消火栓 hydrant 水炮 water monitor 洒水器 sprinkler 水喷淋 watering

灭火器 fire extinguisher 消防水泵 fire pump

消防车 fire fighting truck 泡沫消防 foam fire-fighting 泡沫栓 foam hydrant 泡沫炮 foam monitor

消防软管接头 fire hose connection

6 管道支吊架 Pipe Supports and Hangers

6.1 管架零部件 Attachment of Support

管托 shoe 管卡 clamp

U形夹(卡) clevis

锻制U形夹 forged steel clevis 支耳;吊耳 lug; ear 耳轴 trunnion

止动挡块 shear lug 托座 stool 托架 cradle

带状卡 strap clamp 夹板,导向板 cleat

可调夹板 adjustable cleat 角板;连接板 gusset 筋;肋 rib 支承环 ring

加强板 stiffiener 底板 base plate 顶板 top plate 翅片式导向板 fin

预埋件 embedded part; inserted plate 垫板(安装垫平用) shim 锚固件;生根件 clip

预焊件(设备上) clip (on equipment) 聚四氟乙烯滑动板 PTFE sliding plate 连接板 tie plate 连接杆 tie rod 限制杆 limit rod 带环头拉杆 eye rod 连接杆 connecting rod 杠杆 lever 支撑杆 strut

定位块 preset pieces

间隔管(片、块) spacer

滑动吊板(吊架顶部用) sliding traveler(for hanger) 滑轮组 tackle-block

钢索,电缆 cable 木块 wood block 鞍座 saddle 裙座 skirt

软管卷盘(简) hose reel 管部附着件 pipe attachment

6.2 管支架型式 Type of Pipe Support

支承架 resting support 滑动架 sliding support 固定架 anchor 导向架 guide

限制性支架;约束 restraint 限位架 stop 限位器 stopper

定值限位架 limit stop 二维限位架 two-axis stop

往复定值限位架 double-acting limit stop 定向限位架 directional stop 吊架 hanger

弹簧架 spring support

弹簧托架 resting type spring support 弹簧吊架 spring hanger 恒力吊架 constant hanger

重锤式吊架 counter weight hanger 弹簧恒力吊架 spring constant hanger

弹簧恒力托架 resting type spring constant support 滚动支架 rolling support 弹簧支撑架 spring bracing 减振器 snubber

液压减振器 hydraulic snubber 减振装置 damping device 缓冲简(器) dash pot 刚性吊架 rigid hanger

6.3 标准及通用型支架

标准管架 standard pipe support

通用管架 typical pipe support 悬臂架 cantilever support 三角架 triangular support’ 支腿 leg

Ⅱ形管架 Ⅱ-type support L形管架 L-type support 柱式管架 pole type support 墙架 support on wall

可调支架 adjustable support 管墩,低管架 sleeper 特殊管架 special support

管道支吊架图 piping support drawing

6.4 管架安装

背至背 back to back 钻孔 drill

长孔 slot; slot hole

放气孔;通气孔 vent hole 灌浆;水泥砂浆填平 grouting 组装;装配 assembly 攻螺孔 tapped; tapping 自由滑动 free to slide 跨度 span

对中心;找正 alignment 切割使适合 cut to suit 修饰使适合 trim to suit

伸出长度(指预埋螺栓) extrusion

7 应力计算

热应力分析 thermal stress analysis 管道柔性分析 piping flexibility analysis 荷载工况 load case 力 force

反力 reaction 力矩 moment

弯曲力矩 bending moment

扭矩 torque

外载 externally applied load 荷载 load

冷态荷载 cold load 工作荷载 working load 外力 external force 内力 internal force 力偶 couple of force 管系 piping system 位移 displacement

附加位移 appendant displacement; externally imposed displacement 角位移 angular rotation 冷拉 cold spring 自拉 self spring 方向 direction 元件 member 节点 node

节点号 node number 自由 free

固定点 fix point; anchor point 刚性的 rigid 柔性 flexibility 塑性 plasticity

热循环 thermal cycle

剧烈循环条件 severe cyclic condition 应力 stress

弯曲应力 bending stress 扭转应力 torsional stress 轴向应力 axial stress 剪切应力 shear stress 拉应力 tension stress

压应力 compression stress 一次应力 primary stress 二次应力 secondary stress

位移(热胀)应力范围 displacement (thermal expansion) stress range 许用应力范围 allowable stress range 位移应力 displacement stress 柔性应力 flexibility stress

内压应力 internal pressure stress 外压应力 external pressure stress 纵向应力 longitudinal stress 许用应力 allowable stress 主应力 principal stress

圆周应力 circumferential stress; hoop stress

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