Revision Unit One to Unit Five

Revision Unit One to Unit Five

一、语音及拼读规则

1．辅音字母发音不变，注意元音字母发音。

2．元音字母发音有规律，注意开音节，闭音节，r音节和re音节的发音规律。 3．注意元音字母组合和辅音字母组合的发音规律。 4．格外注意和记忆不规则单词。 二、单元重点单词 1．conclude vt. & vi.

（1）（使某事物）结束（come or bring sth. to an end.） e.g.The meeting concluded at 8 o’clock. 会议于8时结束。

The story concludes with the hero’s death. 这故事随主人公死亡而告终。（conclude with） He concluded by saying that… 他结束讲话时说……

She concluded her talk with a funny story.

她以一个有趣的故事结束谈话。（conclude…with）

（2）推断出；达成；决定（come to believe sth. as a result of reasoning） e.g.Those are the facts; what do you conclude from them?

这些都是事实，你能从中得出什么结论？（conclude sth. from sth.） The jury concluded, from the evidence, that she was guilty. 陪审团根据证据作出结论，认定她有罪。 We concluded to go out.

我们决定出去。(conclude to do sth.)

2．analyse vt. 分析；研究（examine and explain sth. or study its nature or structure） e.g.By analyzing the parts of the sentence we learn more about English grammar. 分析句子成分就能多了解一些英语语法。 We must try to analyse the causes of the strike. 我们得研究一下罢工的原因。 3．defeat vt. & n.

（1）vt. 战胜（某人）；击败（win a victory over sb.; overcome） e.g.The enemy was defeated in a decisive battle. 敌人在一场决定性的战斗中被击败。 He has been soundly defeated at chess. 他在国际象棋比赛中一败涂地。

（2）vt. 使（某人）困惑；难住（be puzzling for sb.; baffle） e.g.I’ve tried to solve the problem, but it defeats me! 这个问题我想解决，但把我难倒了！

Why you stay indoors on a beautiful day like this defeats me! 天气这样好你却呆在屋里，真叫人莫名其妙！ （3）n. 击败；失败（defeating or being defeated） e.g.suffer defeat 遭到失败

I never consider the possibility of defeat. 我从未考虑有失败的可能性。 4．instruct vt. 命令；指示；教导 e.g.They haven’t instructed us where to go. 他们还未指示我们到何处去。

I’ve instructed them to keep the room locked.

我已吩咐他们那房间要上锁。

instruct—instructor(教员；教练；指导员)—instruction（n.）

5．contribute vt. & vi. 捐献；贡献；捐助——contributor——contribution e.g.Everyone should contribute what he or she can afford. 人人都应该尽自己的能力作贡献。

He wants to contribute ten pounds to a charity collection. 他想捐献十英镑给慈善事业。 6．consist vi. 组成；一致

e.g.The committee consists of ten members. 委员会由十人组成。（consist of sth.）

a mixture consisting of flour and water 面粉和水的混合物 consistent adj. 一致的

e.g.You’re not very consistent; first you condemn me, then you praise me. 你前后矛盾，开头责备我，接着又夸奖我。

What you say now is not consistent with what you said last week. 你现在说的话与你上星期说的话不相符。 7．debate vi. & n. 争论；辩论

e.g.After a long debate, the House of Commons approved the bill. 经过长时间的辩论，下议院通过了议案。 What are they debating about? 他们在辩论什么？

They debated closing the factory.

他们争论是否关闭工厂。（debate doing sth.） 8．construct vt. 建造；构造；创立

e.g.construct a factory, an aircraft, a model, a sentence, a theory 建工厂；造飞机；制作模型；造句；建立理论 construction n. 建筑，施工，建设；建筑物 e.g.the construction of new roads 新道路的施工 The new railway is still under construction. 新铁路尚在建设中。

a complex construction of wood and glass 木和玻璃综合结构的建筑物 9．available adj.

（1）(指物)可用的或可得到的（of things that can be used or obtained） e.g.Tickets are available at the box office. 票房有票。

You will be informed when the book becomes available. 这本书有货时就通知你了。 This was the only available room. 只剩下那个房间可用了。

（2）（指人）可会见的，可与之交谈的（等）(of people free to be seen, talked to, etc) e.g.I’m available in the afternoon. 我下午有空。

The Prime Minister was not available for comment. 首相无暇作出评论。

10．constant adj. 经常的；不断发生的；坚定的；忠实的 e.g.constant chattering, complaints, interruptions 没完没了的饶舌、抱怨、打搅

This entrance is in constant use；do not block it.

这个入口经常使用，不要挡住。 a constant friend, companion, supporter, etc 忠实的朋友、伴侣、支持者等 constantly adv. 不断地；经常地 e.g.He’s constantly disturbing me. 他老是打扰我。 She worries constantly. 她经常苦恼。

11．require v. 要求；需要；命令 e.g.We require extra help. 我们需要额外的帮助。

The situation requires that I should be there. 情况需要我在那里。 Is that all that you require, sir? 先生，您还要别的吗？

I have done all that is required by law. 我已按照法律规定把一切做好。 12．extraordinary adj.

（1）不平常的；非常的，格外的（beyond what is ordinary; very unusual; remarkable） e.g.Her talents are quite extraordinary. 她才华出众。

extraordinary weather for the time of year 一年中某段时间的反常天气 It’s extraordinary that he has not come.

他没有来太奇怪了。（It is extraordinary that…）

（2）（指安排，会议等）特别的（of arrangements, meeting, etc additional to what is usual or ordinary）

e.g.an extraordinary general meeting 特别全会 13．occupation n. 职业；占有；业余活动；消遣 e.g.What’s your occupation? 你的职业是什么？

Please state your name, age and occupation. 请说明姓名、年龄和职业。

She has many occupations including gardening and wine-making. 她有许多消遣，包括园艺和酿酒。 an army of occupation 占领军 [比较]：occupation/job/work/profession

occupation指职业，是较为正式的用语，经常用在填写表格上；job也指职业，可数名词，可指一个单独任务，也可指工作职位；work指工作，不可数名词；profession也指工作，一般指受过特殊训练和良好教育的职业，如医生或律师等。 e.g.Please state your occupation here. 请把您的职业填在这里。 He is hunting for a summer job. 他正急着找个暑期工作。

I’ve got some work to do this afternoon. 我今天下午有些工作要做。 He is a lawyer by profession. 他的职业是律师。

14．process n. 过程；程序；步骤

e.g.Unloading the cargo was a slow process. 卸货的过程很缓慢。

Reforming the education system will be a difficult process. 改革教育制度将是一个艰难的过程。 Teaching him English was a painful process. 教他英语是很吃力的事情。

the processes of digestion/the digestive processes 消化过程 the process of growing old 逐渐变老的过程 常用搭配：in the process 在进行中 15．intention n. 意图；目的；打算 e.g.What are your intentions? 你有什么打算？

She’s keeping her intentions to herself. 她对自己的意图秘而不宣。 My intention was to stay. 我原意要留下。

I have no intention of coming to this terrible place again. 我再也不想到这个糟糕的地方来了。 I’m sorry I offended you; it wasn’t my intention. 对不起，我冒犯您了，但决不是有意的。

What do you think was the author’s intention in this passage? 你认为作者写这一段的用意是什么？ 16．choke v.（使）噎住；（使）窒息 e.g.She choked (to death) on a fish bone.

鱼刺把她卡住而窒息（而死）。 The fumes almost choked me. 烟雾几乎把我呛死。

She was choking with emotion. 她激动得说不出话来。 Anger choked his words. 他气得说不出话来。

17．pressure n. 压力；压；按；压迫

e.g.The pressure of the water caused the wall of the dam to crack. 水的压力使堤坝决口。 Your blood pressure is too high. 你的血压过高。

The pressure of city life forced him to move to the country. 城市生活的艰难迫使他迁往乡村。 三、重点短语

1．steam engine 蒸汽机

2．put forward 提出（要求，答案，计划，建议等）；推荐，提出（某人名字） 3．draw a conclusion 得出结论 = come to/reach a conclusion 4．in addition 此外；又

5．be strict with 对……严格的；对……严厉的 6．lead to 通向；导致；引起

7．make sense 讲得通，言之有理；有意义，能被理解 8．point of view 态度；观点；看法 9．apart/aside from 除……外（表示排除）

10．consist of 由……构成，包含有[同]be made up of, be composed of 11．divide…into （把……）分成

12．break away (from) 逃脱，逃跑[同]get away (from)；脱离，与……断绝来往 13．leave out 省去，略去[同]cut out；遗漏

14．take the place of [或take sb.’s place]代替；接替[同]substitute for

15．break down（机器、汽车等）失灵，抛锚；（身体、精神等）垮掉；（计划等）失败

16．take up 开始花时间从事(某种活动)；占用 17．remind…of… 使……回想起或意识到 18．jet lag飞行时差反应

19．loose sight of 看不见；忽略；忘记 20．catch sight of 瞥见，看见

21．speed up 加速；使……加速 [反] slow down 22．sweep up 打扫；横扫 23．assist in 帮助；援助；协助 24．space agency 宇航局

25．concentrate on 集中……于［同］focus…on；专心于，集中精力于 26．accuse…of 指责某人，指控某人[同]charge sb. with 27．so as to 以便[同]in order to 28．defend against 防卫以免于 29．first aid（对伤患者的）急救 30．fall ill 生病

31．electric shock 触电；电休克 32．squeeze out 榨出；挤出

33．over and over again 反复；多次

34．in place 在适当的位置；适当[反] out of place 35．a number of 若干；许多 36．put one’s hands on 找到 四、重难点句子解析

1．Doctor John Snow was so famous that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies.

[译文]约翰·斯诺太富盛名了，以致于维多利亚女王生孩子时都是他去照料，帮助她顺利分娩。

2．However, these industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not have the historical attractions of other places.

[译文]然而，这些在十九世纪建立起来的工业城市却没有其它地方所具有的历史魅力。 3．Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of sites she wanted to see in London.

[译文] 由于担心时间不够，张萍玉早就把要在伦敦参观的景点列出了一个单子。 4．Tomorrow you will be ready for some visits organized by the company. [译文]明天你们将准备进行一些由公司组织的参观项目。 organized by the company 是过去分词作后置定语的用法。 5．Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air. [译文]新的环境把我弄得心烦意乱的，由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到受不了。 过去分词confused在句中作状语，表示与主句中动作伴随发生的状况。 6．Only when you have seen what he or she does, can you cover a story by yourself? [译文]只有等你见习了他们的工作之后，你才能独自去进行新闻采访。 这个句子是倒装句，它的正常语序应当是：

You can cover a story by yourself when you have seen what he or she does.

7．Not only am I interested in photography, but I took a course at university, so it’s actually of special interest to me.

[译文]我不仅对摄影感兴趣，而且在大学我还修过这门课程，因此对我来说的确很有趣。 这个句子是以not only开头的部分倒装句，需要注意的是，Not only…but (also)…倒装句中，but(also)引导的句子必须用正常语序。

8．You have three layers of skin that protect you against diseases, poisons and the sun’s harmful rays.

[译文]你有三层皮肤来保护你免遭疾病、毒药和有害光线的侵害。 protect动词，“保护、维护”，用于句式“protect+名词+against/ from+名词”。

7．Not only am I interested in photography, but I took a course at university, so it’s actually of special interest to me.

[译文]我不仅对摄影感兴趣，而且在大学我还修过这门课程，因此对我来说的确很有趣。 这个句子是以not only开头的部分倒装句，需要注意的是，Not only…but (also)…倒装句中，but(also)引导的句子必须用正常语序。

8．You have three layers of skin that protect you against diseases, poisons and the sun’s harmful rays.

[译文]你有三层皮肤来保护你免遭疾病、毒药和有害光线的侵害。 protect动词，“保护、维护”，用于句式“protect+名词+against/ from+名词”。

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