新标准大学英语 - 综合教程3 - 课后答案

Unit 1

Active reading (1) Catching crabs Language points

1 ? and we all started to get our heads down ? (Para 1) To get one’s head down means to concentrate and focus on studying. In other British informal contexts,

it can mean to sleep. Note also, to keep one’s head down means to continue to do something quietly,

especially when there is trouble happening around you. Unit 1 Discovering yourself

2 Most important of course were the final exams in April and May in the following year. (Para 1)

This is a conversational elliptical sentence. A standard way of saying this is: The most important things, of course, were the final exams in April and May in the following year. 3 No one wanted the humiliation of finishing last in class, so the peer group pressure to work hard was strong. (Para 1)

Peer group pressure is the pressure to conform that people,

especially children and young people, often

feel from the immediate group of those around them who are of the same age or status.

4 Libraries ... were standing room only until the early hours of the morning, and guys wore the bags

under their eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride, like medals proving their diligence. (Para 1)

The expression standing room only means there are no more seats available because the place is crowded.

This expression is often used in public performances, for sports events and on public transport to mean

that you have to stand because the place is packed with people.

Bags under their eyes refer to loose dark areas of skin that

you get when you have not had enough sleep.

The expression guys wore the bags under their eyes with pride means that the students were proud that

their tired appearance showed how hard they had been studying, and the bags under their eyes were like medals.

5 It wasn’t always the high flyers with the top grades who knew what they were going to do. (Para 2)

A high flyer refers to someone who has achieved a lot and has the ability and determination to continue to

be successful in their studies or job. In university, a high flyer is a top student.

6 Quite often it was the quieter, less impressive students who had the next stages of their life mapped out. (Para 2)

To have something mapped out means to have something that will happen planned in detail.

7 One had landed a job in his brother’s advertising firm in Madison Avenue, another had got a script

under provisional acceptance in Hollywood. (Para 2) To land a job means to get a job that you wanted.

Provisional acceptance refers to an acceptance which is

arranged (in principle), but is not yet definite. It is temporary and could be changed.

8 The most ambitious student among us was going to work as a party activist at a local level. (Para 2)

A party activist is someone who takes part in activities that are intended to achieve political change,

someone who is a member of a political organization. 9 We all saw him ending up in the Senate or in Congress one day. (Para 2)

To end up somewhere means to be in a particular place or state

after doing something or because of it.

Here, a party activist might end up in Congress, as a result of making career progress.

10 But most people were either looking to continue their studies ? and then settle down with a family, a mortgage and some hope of promotion. (Para 2)

To look to continue their studies here means to hope or expect to continue their studies – whether they

can do so would probably depend on their exam results and grades. You can also look to someone for help, advice or support. Discovering yourself Unit 1

A mortgage is a legal agreement in which you borrow money from a bank or financial organization in

order to buy a house. You pay back your mortgage by making monthly payments, plus interest. Thus,

getting a mortgage for many young people means getting a flat or house of their own.

11 I braced myself for some resistance to the idea. (Para 10) A brace is a piece of wood or metal which supports an object so that it does not fall down. So to brace oneself means to hold oneself together in readiness for

something difficult or unpleasant.

12 You don’t need to go into a career which pays well just at the moment. (Para 16)

To go into a career means to start working in a particular job, business or career.

13 Several times the crab tried to defy his fellow captives, without luck. (Para 25)

The crab tried to defy the others as it resisted others or refused to obey them when it tried to escape.

The expression without luck means without success, being unable to do what you want. Reading and understanding

3 Choose the best summary of what happened in the crab cage. 3 The cage was full of crabs. One of them was trying to escape, but each time it reached the top the other

crabs pulled it back. In the end it gave up trying and started to prevent other crabs from escaping. 4 Choose the best answer to the questions.

1 What happened to the students in the fall of the final year? (a) They became more relaxed. (b) They became more serious. (c) They spent more time outside.

3 Answer the questions.

1 What were Sylvia Plath’s most important memories? She remembered winning a prize, Paula Brown’s new suit and the view from her window.

2 Where did she live and what could she see from her bedroom window?

She lived on the bay side of town, on Johnson Avenue, and she could see the lights of Boston and Logan Airport from her bedroom window. 3 What did the view make her want to do? It made her want to fly in her dreams. 4 Why did she have such vivid dreams?

Because she was rarely tired when she went to bed. 5 Who appeared in her dreams?

Superman appeared and taught her to fly.

6 Why did she enjoy the radio adventures of Superman? Because she loved the sheer poetry of flight. 7 Where did her friend and she play Superman?

At the dingy back entrance to the school, an alcove in a long passageway.

Unit 2 Childhood memories 46

8 Why do you think they chose Sheldon to be the villain? Because he was a mamma’s boy and was left out of the other boys’ games.

9 How did she feel about her Uncle Frank?

She admired him as she thought he bore an extraodinary resemblance to Superman incognito. 4 Choose the best summary of the passage.

3 Sylvia Plath wrote about her real and imaginary life as a child.

Dealing with unfamiliar words

5 Match the words in the box with their definitions. 1 accurate and true (definite) 2 continuing all the time (perpetual) 3 to spin quickly in circles (whirl) 4 to shine very brightly (blaze)

5 to laugh in a nervous, excited or silly way that is difficult to control (giggle)

6 to encourage someone to speak or continue speaking (prompt) 7 to fall to the ground (tumble)

6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.

Plath never needed to be (1) prompted to talk about her

childhood memories. They were very (2) definite

and still real to her as an adult. She imagined she could fly and (3) whirl through the air like Superman.

Coming from the highways around Boston was the (4) perpetual sound of traffic. In the distance a plane

was taking off, its lights (5) blazing into the night sky. She remembered the sound of (6) giggling which

came from the group of girls. Sadly in her later life it seemed as if Superman had (7) tumbled to earth.

7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.

1 The lights at the airport went on and off all day and night. (blinked)

2 The playground was like a desert. It was without any interesting or positive features and unfriendly. (barren)

3 The boys were playing a children’s game in which the players chase and try to touch each other and the girls were gossiping and giggling. (tag)

4 Pulling the legs off insects is a form of action causing extreme physical pain by someone as a punishment, and is extremely cruel. (torture)

5 The similarity in appearance between the twins was striking. (resemblance)

6 He would cover candy with a piece of cloth used for cleaning lips and hands, and make it disappear. (napkin)

8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions. 1 If you look through a kaleidoscope, are you likely to see (a) changing coloured patterns, or (b) a single coloured pattern?

2 If you flaunt something, do you (a) deliberately try to make people notice, or (b) try to hide it?

3 If you marvel at something, do you find it (a) boring, or (b) surprising and fascinating? Childhood memories Unit 2 47

4 Are shooting stars likely to (a) move brightly through the night sky, or (b) stand still?

5 Is the twilight likely to be (a) at the end of, or (b) in the middle of the day?

6 If you drift off to sleep, are you likely to fall asleep (a) quickly, or (b) slowly?

7 If someone is bookish, are they likely to be (a) more, or (b)

less interested in reading books than doing other activities?

8 If you make up something, do you (a) invent it, or (b) borrow it from someone else?

9 If you come into your own, are you likely to show (a) how effective and useful, or (b) ineffective and useless you can be?

10 Is a villain likely to be a (a) good, or (b) bad person? 11 If you are left out of something, are you likely to be (a) included, or (b) excluded? Active reading (2) Language points

1 These changing ideas about children have led many social scientists to claim that childhood is a “social construction”. (Para 4)

A social construction refers to the process or result of creating an idea or system of behaviour in social

contexts, ie it is created and developed between people and is not something natural or genetic. Childhood memories Unit 2 53

2 Social anthropologists have shown this in their studies of

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/9xl6.html