大学英语四级考试作文指导1

大学英语四级考试作文指导

5.1 四六级考试作文简介

5.1.1 基本要求

《大学英语教学大纲》规定：大学英语教学的目的之一是培养学生具有一定的英语写作能力。大学英语四级统考作文部分占15分, 要求学生, 根据规定的题目或提示，在30分钟内写出120字以上的短文。请参看下面四级写作评分原则和评分标准。

评分原则

四六级考试从内容和语言两方面对作文进行综合评估。内容和语言是一个统一体。内容要求思想正确，主题突出。内容要考虑是否用英语清楚而准确地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍，用词和造句是否清楚而准确地表达思想。

词而思想无法表达，则给0分。]

此外，为引起教师和学生对作文部分的重视，全国四级考试中心还实行作文最低分制度，最低为6分。如作文为0分，总分高于60分，成绩报导时一律报

59分不及格处理；若作文分大于0分小于6分时，最后报导分=原计总分--6分+实得作文分。

5.1.2 作文命题形式及常考题型分析

纵览历年的作文试题，我们可以发现论说文占绝大多数，但近年应用文有上升的势头（01.6、02.1是书信体，91.6、02.6是图表作文）。就话题而言，主要有三大类：社会热闹话题、校园话题和日常生活话题。以下是历年作文题的汇总与统计，建议大家研究一下它的出题规律并写写看。

一、 历年四级考试作文题统计

社会热门话题

(87.9) Women in Modern World

(90.6) Make Our Cities Greener

(91.1) Bicycle – An Important Means of Transport in

China

(91.6) Changes in People’s Diet

(94.1) The world Is Getting Smaller and Smaller. (96.1) The Two-day Weekend

(96.6) Global Shortage of Fresh Water

(98.1) Harmfulness of Fake Commodities.

校园话题

(88.6) An Early Morning Walk (记叙文)

(92.6) How I overcome My Difficulties in Learning

English

(94.6) My Ideal Job

(95.6) Advantage of Job Interview.

(97.6) Getting to Know the World Outside the

Campus.

(99.6) Reading Selectively Or Extensively?

(00.1) How I Finance My College Education.

(00.6) Is A Test of Spoken English Necessary?

(01.1) How to Succeed in a Job Interview?

(01.6) A letter to a Schoolmate

(02.1) A Letter to the University President about the

Canteen Service on Campus.

(02.6) Student Use of Computers.

日常生活话题

(89. 1) The Tape Recorder

(90. 1) What Would Happen If There Were No

Power

(92.1) Is Failure a Bad Thing?

(93.1)Positive and Negative Aspects of Sport.

(95.1)Can Money Buy Happiness?

(97.1) Practice Makes Perfect .

(98.6) Do "Lucky Numbers" Really Bring Good

Luck?

(99.1)Don ' t Hesitate to Say "NO".

(03.1) It Pays to Be Honest

作文命题形式

我们知道, 四六级考试是一项大规模的考试，为提高其客观性，以利评分，考试对作文的命题形式是这样限制的：给出题目作文、规定情景作文、给出段首句续写、书信作文、给出关键词作文、看图作文或根据所给文章写出摘要或大意等。下面分析主要的几种类型：

1）提纲作文

这类题型是四六级作文考试到目前为止最常见的。它给出作文的英文题目以及较为详细的提纲，提纲有时是英文的，但多数是用中文给出的。每段的提纲规定了文章每段的主旨，它要求考生围绕这个中心制定主题句，再顺着主题句展开段落，最后用一句总

1999年6月全国四六级考试作文题同为一个提纲

类作文，题目要求完全一样，只是字数要求不一样（四级为120字，六级为150字）。

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Reading Selectively or Extensively? You should write at least 120 (150) words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1 有人认为读书要有选择

2 有人认为应该博览群书

3 我的看法

这是一道典型的四六级提纲型作文题，它给出题目和中文大纲提示，要求考生阐明为什么要持这两种观点的原因，最后再谈谈考生所持的立场。

下面我们选取几份得分较高的样卷结合上述评分标准来作简单分析。

14 分样卷

How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.

Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published every day. It is impossible for us to read all the books. What’s more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldn’t read them. Since we can’t read all the books, and we shouldn’t read bad books, we must read selectively.

But others may not agree. They emphasize that today’s society is not what it used to be. If you want to be successful, you must read widely and acquire knowledge in both natural sciences and humanities. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in others, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge,

we must read extensively.

Who’s right? There is a lot to be said for both sides of the argument. However, I think we should read extensively first and then learn deeply about the subject we are interested in.

文章切题，段落分明、过度自然，表达思想清楚，连贯性好，除了个别地方语言表达欠妥而显得太武断（如nothing, useless）外, 全文文字通顺，可算佳作。

11分样卷

When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good way, but others do not agree with them and they think that reading extensively is better.

Those people who think that reading selectively is better believe that there are as many good books as there are bad ones. Good books can give us pleasure and knowledge, while bad ones can only lead us to the wrong way. So, they suggest that we should only choose the good books to read and never touch the bad books.

But, the other people, who hold that reading extensively is better think that one kind of books can only give us one aspect of knowledge. Even a good book only contains one field of information. So, they can easily come to the conclusion that if you want to acquire more knowledge, you have to read more. That’s why they believe that reading extensively is better.

To my point, we should choose good books to read and read good books as many as possible. By this way, we can increase the quality and quantity of reading.

文章切题，段落分明、过度自然，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量明显的语言错误(如To my point, By this way)。

8分样卷

Some people think reading shall be choosed. Because some books are good to hummen beings, and some books are harmful to people.

Some people think that men should read books widely. Because wide reading can help man get much knowledge. And man can use it to change the world.

It is my point that reading must be done selectively. Because reading is important to man. Some books can help man, but some books can lead some people to crime. It can be seen in the newspapers and watched on TV. We can make full use of some good books and gain more useful knowledge. It can make our life more beauiful. We must give up those unhelpful books. They are not good to us. Reading them is wasting time and money. So reading selectively is an important part in reading.

文章基本切题。表达思想比较清楚，文字尚连贯，但语言错误较多，其中有少量的严重错误(如shall, choosed, hummen, beareful等)。

练习1

Directions: Write a composition on the topic Internet（互联网）. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese) below:

1)互联网开始给我们的生活带来变化；

2)互联网也给我们带来不少麻烦；

3)我认为，

练习2

Directions: Write a composition on the topic Private Car in China . You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese) below:

1)有人认为小汽车给人们带来方便和舒适；

2)也有人认为小汽车带来交通和污染问题；

3) 我认为…

2) 主题句作文Topic Sentence Composition

1 Introduction

This is the most common composition practiced in CET-4．Usually the title and the topic sentences of each paragraph are given．You are required to write exactly according to the title．You must use the given topic sentences．

Sample Test Item：

Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about“Television ”in three paragraphs．

You are given the first sentence of each paragraph an dare required to develop the idea in completing the paragraph．Your composition should be about 120words，not including the words given． Remember to write clearly．

Television

1）Television presents a vivid world in front of us．

2）Television can also play an educational role in our daily life．

3）However，television can also be harmful．

2 Analysis and Advice on How to Deal with the Essay

1）Read the directions carefully，and make sure that you understand the requirements；

2）Find out the relationship between the title and the topic sentences．

From the above analysis，we know that we may use the technique of examples to illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of television in our daily life．

3）Thoroughly examine the topic sentences，then pick out keywords in each topic sentence；

e．g．The key words of each topic sentence in the above writing are：“vivid world”，“educational role in daily life”，“harmful”．

4）Find out the relationships between the topic sentences；

From the given topic sentences，we can see that the second topic sentence is a further development of the first one．The transitional word“also”shows that the two topic sentences are parellel．So we have to write the advantages of television in the first two paragraphs—in the first paragraph，write“vivid world”，while in the second，“educational role”；In the third topic sentence，the transitional word “However”changes the point of view from positive“vivid”，“educational”to negative“harmful”．Thus，we should write the disadvantages of television in the paragraph．

Model Essay

Television

Television presents a vivid world in front of us．On television，we can watch exciting football matches or Olympic marathons．We can“travel”to New York to visit its famous monuments and museums or to London to attend the royal wedding．We can also“go”to a concert

with a cup of coffee in one hand． With a TV set，we can take part in many events without leaving the house．

Television can also play an educational role in our daily life．Besides regular courses to TV university students，television also offers various educational programs for different viewers．Children like“Tan gram”；young people like the“ABC of Computers”；and elderly people like“Life and Health”．Of all the educational programs，“English on Sunday ”is my favorite．

However，television can also be harmful．It hurts our eyes and can cause nearsightedness．Watching TV too much influences our sleep and work and cuts down children's study time．Furthermore，some TV programmes are ideologically incorrect．In short，we should watch TV selectively and regard it as our servant，not our master．

Writing Assignment

Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about “Advertisement” in three paragraphs．You are given the first sentence of each paragraph and are required to develop the idea in completing the paragraph．Your composition should be about 120 words，not including the words given．Remember to write clearly．

Advertisement

1）Advertisement appears everywhere in modern society．

2）Advertisement can be a service to people．

3）However，advertisement also has its problems．

3）图表作文

图表作文是四六级作文考试常考题型之一，也是考生觉得较难对付的作文形式。图表作文一般在题中给出一个或几个统计表格(Table)、曲线坐标图(Graph)或圆形结构图(Pie Chart)，通常还给出作文的标题和一些提示，要求考生: (1)用文字来描述图表，客观解释图表中所传递的信息并找出某种规律或趋势；(2)就图表中所反映出某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。一

年6月四级考试作文为统计表格题：

: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about Changes in People’s Diet according to the following outline in three paragraphs. Your part of the composition should be no less than 120 words, not including the words given. Remember to write clearly. You should quote as few figures as possible.

Changes in People’s Diet

1 state the changes in people’s diet in the past five years 2 give possible reasons for the changes

3 draw your own conclusion

看图表作文一般可分三段写。第一段说明该图表反映的总情况，选择能充分说明主题的典型数据进行概述。第二段对数字进行仔细分析比较，归纳出增减速率，找出产生变化的原因。第三段写读图表后的想法或评论，得出自己的结论。

General introduction——Analysis——Conclusion 概要介绍—分析图表和变化的原因—评论或总结 这张表反映了1986年到1990年五年中人们饮食结构方面的变化情况。

1) 粮食(Grain)消费量在下降，五年间减少了四个百分点；

2) 奶牛(Milk)和肉食(Meat)的消费量在增加，分别增长三和四个百分点；

3) 水果和蔬菜(Fruit and Vegetable) 的消费量呈下降趋势。

以上数据显示一个总趋势：人们的饮食结构正在由以粮食为主向肉奶蛋高能量的方向转化。根据以上分析，写出以下范文：

Changes in People’s Diet

As can be seen from the table, great changes have been taking place in people’s diet over the period from 1986 to 1990. The consumption of grain is decreasing year by year, while that of some high-energy food, such as milk and meat, is increasing steadily.

Why are there changes in people’s diet? There are two major reasons, I think. First, nowadays people can afford to buy much more expensive food with better nutrition. Second, people now pay more attention to the quality of it, because they know it is of great benefit to their health to diet in a scientific way. Therefore they try their best to improve the structure of their food.

From the above, we can see that people’s living level has been rising markedly in the past five years. And we can also expect that there will be more prosperous

(Graph)作文题例：

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the following graph showing the growth of the world’s population. The opening sentence is given and you are required to develop it into a full composition. Your part of writing should be no less than 120 words. Some useful words and phrases are provided, but you do not have to include all of them.

Graph showing the growth of the world’s population. (Suggested words and phrases: birth control, death rate, population explosion, food shortage).

7000million

6000

5000

4000 3000 2000

1000 1000A.D 1500A.D 2000A.D

The Problem of Human Population

It has been estimated that a thousand years ago there were less than 400 million people on earth._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________ 从曲线坐标图可以看到，过去人口增长速度的缓慢同现在人口的急剧增长形成了鲜明的对照。图中文字表明，Industrial and Agricultural Revolution和Emergence of Modern Medicine与人口的急剧增长不无关系。根据题目所提供的信息可制定以下提纲：

1) 人口增长的情况；

a. 过去人口增长的情况；

b现在人口增长的情况；

c 未来人口增长情况的预测。

2) 人口爆炸的原因；

3) 人口爆炸带来的问题。

最后表达自己的看法。

请看范文：

The Problem of Human Population

It has been estimated that a thousand years ago there were less than 400 million people on earth. But the world’s population reached 5000 million in 1988. What’s more, it continues to grow at this tremendous rate. Some people believe that by the next century, the world’s population will reach 7000 million. This is what is referred to as the “population explosion”.

The population explosion is mainly caused by the development of science and technology. The population has been growing faster and faster since the Industrial and Agricultural Revolutions began in 1650, especially after the emergence of modern medicine in 1850

The population explosion means we need more food to eat, more houses to live in and more jobs for income. This directly relates to the problem of the world’s food, housing, and job shortages. Overpopulation leads to

other problems as well. For example, the need for more jobs requires that we develop our industries. This, in turn, leads to environmental problems.

We have a long way to go to solve the problems of increasing human population.

图表作文常用表达方式

1) from the

that

by the government, ….

in the

that .. 2) 3)

4) that … a(n) 5) in (2000)

6) tendency (to rise/drop). 7) for 2 years and the trend will be continuing.

8) A is B.

9) in the period 练习5

Directions: Write a composition on the topic National College Examination. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the bar chart and an outline given below:

National College Examination

middle school graduates

students enrolled by colleges 1.9 m

m=million 2 m 2 m

year 1998 1) state the facts shown by the above bar chart;

2) state the reasons for the increase in the college

enrollment;

3) draw a conclusion, showing the tendency

4）情景作文

题中给定一个情景，要求考生在这个范围内充分发挥想象力，精心构思出一篇符合情景要求、意思连贯的短文。这类作文限定条件比较少，考生自由发挥程度较大，我们预测以后会考这类题型的作文。例如题中说某国大学生代表团要来你班交流联欢，请你写一

: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write

a composition of about 120 words. Your

composition should be based on the following situation. Remember to write clearly.

Situation:

Imagine that you are required to write a Want Ad for the Dean(系主任). You are supposed to base this ad on the outline shown below:

Wanted: Student Consultant to the Dean

Duties: meeting with students; presenting oral and written reports; attending sessions

Requirements: full-time student with one year of student experience; a strong sense of duty

Salary: $3,000 an academic year

Time Commitment: 15 h. Weekly

Deadline: December 15, 2000; to Elmer Borden 800-2817

范文:

Wanted: Student Consultant to the Dean

The Office of Dean of Students is looking forward to the applications for the position of Student Consultant to the Dean for the upcoming academic year.

Duties of this position will include: meeting with students as individuals and groups to discuss issues, opinions, problems, complaints, suggestions and recommendations regarding all areas of college policy; presenting regularly oral and written reports to the Dean of Students; and attending various college sessions in the role of student spokesperson.

Candidates should be full-time students with at least one year of student experience at this college. The ideal applicant will be skilled in report writing and oral communication; will get along well with other individuals; and will demonstrate a strong sense of

obligation and duty.

The salary of this position is $3000 an academic year, and the time required for this job is 15 hours a week. Applicants should make a telephone call to Elmer Borden before December 15, 2000. The telephone number is 800-2817.

练习：

1） Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Is English Easy to Learn? Your composition should be based on the following situation. Remember to write clearly.

Situation:

有则广告宣称说“三个月学会英语，无效退款！”请以此为出发点写一篇段文说明学好英语并非如此轻而易举。并简单地写出关于如何学好英语的一些建议。

2）Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a three-paragraph composition on the topic“My Favorite Program”．You should write no less than 100 word sand yon should base your composition on the outline（Given in Chinese）below．

1）我最喜爱的电视（或无线电）节目是

2）这类节目的内容和特点；

3）我喜欢它的原因。

范文：

Nowadays radio and TV play a more and more important role in our daily lives．There are many programs shown every day．Some of them are very good．My most favorite program is“The Animal World”，which is shown on television every Sunday night．

The program is interesting as well as instructive．It provides us with natural scenes of the lives of all kinds of wild animals together with the vivid explanations of the narrator．Besides，the pictures are very beautiful and some of them are also very valuable．They contain much information not only about animals，but also about plants．

The reason why I like this program is that，being born and bred in the city，I have not seen any wild animals，and the program compensates for this．In addition，it provides me with rich knowledge about nature and the animal world．

Believe it or not，it is really a great joy to watch it．

3） Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic“Why Do More And More Women Go In For Sports Nowadays？”You should write no less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline（Given in Chinese）below．

1）妇女开始参加越来越多的体育运动；

2）过去妇女不能参加体育运动的原因；

3）为什么会有越来越多的妇女参加。

4) 标题作文

标题作文是一种常见的传统式命题作文。它只给出一个标题，不附带任何要求和说明，考生可取不同的角度确立主题并作阐述，文体类型也可根据自己审题和构思写成不同类型的作文。其优点是考生可以充分发挥想象，考出水平；其缺点是由于它没有限制，考生容易写成“千人千面”的作文，不利评分。写这类

作文时首先要对标题进行审视，限制写作范围，选取某一个面来写，再确定文章的体裁、主题和论述或描

: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “Advertising”. Your composition should be based on your own understanding of the topic and it should be no less than 120 words.

作文的标题是Advertising（广告），没有别的任何限制，因此，文章写广告的发展史，写广告的制作过程，给广告下定义或者写广告对我们生活的影响，这些内容都切题。如果我们确定要写广告对我们生活的影响，那么我们就围绕这一主题构思、选材并制定以下提纲：

Advertising

1 Nowadays advertisements are found everywhere.

2 Advertisements fill almost every minute of a day.

3 No one can avoid being influenced by ads.

范文:

Advertising

Nowadays advertisements are found everywhere. They smile to us from the television screen, or shout to us from the radio loudspeakers, wave invitingly to us from every page of the newspaper and magazine, pluck at our sleeves on the bus and escalator, signal to us from roadside billboards all day and flash messages to us in colored lights all night.

Advertisements fill almost every minute of a day. You will be waked up by the ad songs from outside in the early morning. The newspapers you pick up after lunch are full of ads, from clothes, cosmetics to Coca Cola, virtually anything that can be purchased. The films shown on TV in the evening are often interrupted by

commercials.

No one can avoid being influenced by ads. Is it possible for us to sit indifferent to a certain beautiful, convenient, versatile vacuum cleaner shown on TV when you are considering to buy one? Is it possible for us not to be attracted to a certain heating device, which claims its wonderful effect of curing chronic diseases and even of helping toward one’s longevity?

As a matter of fact, advertisement has become one of the most authoritative voice speaking to us today: it dominates our lies.

练习

1）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “College Tuition”. Your composition should be based on your own understanding of the topic and it should be no less than 120 words.

2）Directions：Write a composition on the topic “Should Firecrackers Be Banned？”Your composition should be at least 120words．Remember to support the main idea with details and make your conclusion．Coherence is also important．

Write clearly．

说明文

说明文是要让人明白或知晓某物、某事及某人，重在说明、

解释其发展的来龙去脉和前因后果等。

为了解释清楚一些自然或社会现象，说明文采用的手段是多种多样的，如举例(illustration)、提供知识与信息(providing information)、分析过程(process analysis)、对比(comparison and contrast) 、分析因果(cause-effect analysis)、分类(division)、进行界定(defining)等。如果某篇文章只采用或主要采用某种手

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