21世纪大学英语第一册教案

21st

College English

for Interactive Purpose

21世纪大学英语应用型教案

Book I

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Unit 1, Book One

Section A: College Life 1. Teaching Objectives: ①Get to know something about college life ②Grasp the key words, Phrases and structure.

③Master the skills of writing and grammar in this unit. 1) Learn to write a notice 2) Grasp four tenses

2.Time Allotment: Section A (3 periods):

1st---2nd period: Pre-reading activities ( theme-related questions for warming up);

While-reading activities (cultural notes; useful words and expressions;

difficult sentences).

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3period: While-reading activities (text structure; main ideas);

Post-reading activities (comprehension questions; exercises).

4th periods: Practice of the reading skill (reading for the main idea in a paragraph);

Teacher checks on Studens? home reading by asking questions based on the passage; Teacher explains some difficult sentences. Writing a notice

Section B(1 period):

3.Teaching Procedures:

3.1 Pre-reading Activities

Step 1. Greetings

Greet the whole class warmly.

Step 2. Lead-in and preparation for reading 1)Enrich Students’ vocabulary undergraduate 本科生

optional / elective course 选修课

compulsory/ required course 必修课 credit/degree 学分、学位 presentation 发言 participation 出勤

office hour 师生面谈时间 accommodation 住宿 lecture theater 阶梯教室 society 社团

2)some questions for students

① How did you feel on the first day at college? (Suggested Answers)

I felt extremely lonely and vulnerable, because it was the first time for me to be far away from home, parents and friends.

I felt excited because I was free from my parents, which was a relief. But I did miss them. ② What differences are there between college life and high school life? (Suggested Answers)

Your time is structured by others at high school while you have to manage your own time at college.

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You can count on parents and teachers to remind you of your study and responsibilities while you must be on your own to study or take responsibilities at college. Most of your classes are arranged for you at high school while you arrange your own schedule in consultation with your academic advisor at college.

③ What is your daily schedule in college? (Suggested Answers)

7:00 a.m. Wake up and get some breakfast 7:45 a.m. Get ready for 8:00 a.m. class 8:00 -10:00 a.m. Two-hour class 10:30-12:00 a.m. In the library 12:00-1:00 p.m. Break for lunch 2:00-5:00 p.m. Three-hour lecture 5:00-7:00 p.m . Hang out at the dorm and get dinner with my classmates 8:00-10:00 p.m. Do band practice 10:15 -1:00 a.m. Homework, reading, and dorm hall shenanigans 3) Cultural note:

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

It is a public research-intensive university in the state of Illinois, the United States. It is the oldest, largest, and most prestigious campus in the University of Illinois system. The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is the second oldest public university in the state, second to Illinois State University. It is considered a Public Ivy and is a long-standing member of the Big Ten Conference. Step 3. Fast reading

Ask the Students to read the passage as quickly as they can and then answer the questions on the

screen. Let them get the main idea of each paragraph and make clear about the text structure. 1) Some questions for comprehension

① How different is the college schedule from the one at high school?

College schedule is so flexible that a certain class would be offered on different days, at different times, and for different durations.

② What kind of schedule do both a morning person and a night owl hate? A schedule with class for seven hours straight.

③ What are the similarities between high school and college?

You have the chance to get involved by joining clubs, organizations or getting a part-time job. ④ Why does the girl tell us \

Because of its flexibility you can choose your classes, extracurricular activities and friends freely. But

what comes with freedom is a great deal of responsibility and time management.

Purpose: Improve the students? reading and writing ability and understand the general idea of each

paragraph.

Method: Read the text individually and talk in groups; Use task-based language teaching method,

reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.

Step 4. Preparation for details of the text on the screen

Students are required to look at the Words and Phrases on the screen and give a brief presentation in class.

Words and Phrases:

Purpose: Train the Students? ability of understanding and using foreign language.

Method: Talk in groups, Use task-based language teaching method, communicative approach and total physical response method. A) key words and sentences

① You?ve probably already wondered what college will be like.

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what引导的宾语从句。连接代词what除起连接作用外，也在从句中作介词宾语。 e.g. Do you know what that is?

e.g. The teacher asked us what water is composed of.

② Synonyms:

gaze — to look long and steadily

e.g. She turned to gaze admiringly at her husband. glance — to look at sth. quickly and briefly e.g. He glanced around the conference room glare — to stare angrily, fiercely

e.g. They stopped arguing and glared at each other stare — to look with fixed eyes

e.g. The old man stared at the uninvited guest up and down ③ convince

v. make (someone) agree, understand, or realize the truth or validity of sth. Examples:

Most importantly, the US convinces us that it is willing again to keep the war away from the world. B) Paraphrase of difficult sentences:

①... the best way to see what a true day in the life of a college student is like is to actually get the schedules of some college students！ Paraphrase:

If you want to know what a college student?s life is like, you may get some useful information by taking a look at his or her schedule.

② The best and worst part of college is the flexibility it offers. Paraphrase:

There are many choices provided in your college. This could be a good thing, for you can choose what you like; yet, this might become something very troublesome, because when facing too many choices, you might not know which to choose.

③ In college, think about your schedule as a pyramid. Paraphrase:

The process of college education is like the formation of a pyramid which is from big to small and from the general to the specific. Take the college schedule as an example, college students are supposed to acquire more general knowledge during the first two years, and they are supposed to do the opposite things during the last two years.

④ 6:00 — 7:00 p.m. Dinner with my friends at whichever campus restaurant has the best deal Paraphrase:

“Campus restaurant (that) has the best deal” means the campus restaurant which can provide the students with the best food at the least expense.

3.2 While-reading Activities Step 5. Intensive reading

Students are asked to read the passage carefully again and answer some detailed questions on the screen. During the reading, there is an explanation for the following points: Language Points:

1. Americans believe no one stands still. (Para. 1)

Meaning: Americans believe no one keeps motionless; everyone moves.

Here \followed by adjectives. More examples:

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The room stands idle. 这房间闲置着。

2. We are slaves to nothing but the clock, … (Para. 2)|

Meaning: We are under the control of time only and nothing else, or we are only dominated by time.

3. Many people have a rather acute sense of the shortness of each lifetime. (Para. 2) Meaning: Many people have a very strong feeling that life is short. Notice the use of \

a sense of humor/duty/direction 幽默感/责任感/方向感

4. We want every minute to count. (Para. 2)

Meaning: We want every minute to be put into good use (since it is precious).

5. They will miss the ritual interaction that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be a convention in their own country. (Para. 4)

Meaning: They will be sad because they will not have the usual exchanges (with the person who invited them) that go with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee. These exchanges may be a common practice on similar occasions in their own country.

6. ... much less do they take them out for dinner, or around on the golf course... (Para. 4)

Meaning: ... it is even less likely that Americans take their visitors out for dinner or to play golf...

much less: 更不用说

I can hardly walk, much less run. 我几乎走不动，更不用说跑了。

I didn't even see him, much less speak to him. 我见也没有见到他,更谈不上和他说话了。

Note that the phrase \statement is more true of the person, thing, or situation that you are going to mention. 7. Time is, therefore, always ticking in our inner ear. (Para. 4)

Meaning: Therefore, we are always aware of time. It is just like the constant sound of a clock that we hear.

8. ... especially given our traffic-filled streets. (Para. 5)

Meaning: ... especially when we take into account our busy streets that are often full of traffic.

9. This is due partly to the fact that the telephone service is superb here, whereas the postal service is less efficient. (Para. 7)

Meaning: This is partly because of the fact that the telephone service is excellent here, but by contrast the postal service is not so good.

due to: 因为, 由于

Her absence was due to the storm. 由于风雨交加她没来。

10. Assignments are, consequently, given added weight by the passage of time. (Para. 8)

Meaning: As a result, people think that assignments are gaining additional importance with the passing of time.

The word \here is used as an uncountable noun metaphorically to mean \

an idea of great weight 一个很重要的观点

Don't worry about what he thinks; his opinion doesn't carry much weight. 别担心他怎么想，他的意见没有多少影响。

11. Usually, the more important a task is, the more capital, energy, and attention will be poured into it in order to \

Meaning: Usually, if a job is more important, people will put in more money, effort, and attention in order to get it done.

Step 6: Grammar knowledge

3.3 Post-reading Activities

Step7. Consolidation

Retell the passage according to the topic sentences.

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Unit 3 Life in E-era

1. Teaching Objectives

1) To know the meaning and usage of some important words, phrases and patterns 2) To to be familiar with the writing skills of the text and make use of it in writing

Writing skills: A paragraph of denial of some opinions followed by some other opinions. 3) To improve Ss reading skills by studying Section B and passages in the Extensive Reading. Reading skills: Recognizing differences between facts and opinions. 4) To stimulate Ss to think about the difficulties in interracial marriage. 5) To read extensively outside class.

2. Time Allotment

Section A (3 periods):

1st---2nd periods: Pre-reading activities ( theme-related questions for warming up;)

While-reading activities (cultural notes; useful words and expressions;

difficult sentences)

rd

3period: While-reading activities (text structure; main ideas)

Post-reading activities (comprehension questions; exercises) 4th period: Practice of the reading skill (recognizing differences between facts and opinions);

T checks on Ss? home reading by asking questions based on the passage. T explains some difficult sentences

Section B (1 period):

I. Section A: Marriage across Nations

Teaching Procedures

1. Pre-reading Activities

1) Introduction: Life in E-era 2) Questions for discussion:

How do you communicate with your parents when you are away from home? (Cues: Internet, chat online)

The web has provided us with devices that make it easy to stay in touch. Since my college is far away from home, it?s hard for me to go back home frequently. Thus, the Internet provides me with great convenience to communicate with my parents. I can chat online with them and tell them what?s happening at school. I can even make video phone calls through the Internet. It saves us much money because making long-distance phone calls will cost much while chatting online is free. Is the Internet cutting into family time?

(Cues: less time together, online communication)

These days, most children and teens use the Internet during their spare time. Due to the large amount of time kids spend on the Internet, it seems that family time is cut down and family communication is influenced to some extent. As children and teens spend long time online and they lack self-control, they tend to be addicted to the Internet. And as children always stay online, the family members spend less time together, thus face-to-face family communication is ignored. However, the Internet provides us with convenience and enables us to be connected to our family members or friends anywhere anytime. It has made it easy for family members who are separated from each other to stay in touch, which will strengthen their closeness. So the Internet can be a double-edged sword. It is determined by your use or misuse of it.

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2. Related Information of the Text

Skype is a software application that allows users to make voice calls and chats over the Internet. Calls to other users within the Skype service are free. Skype has also become popular for its additional features which include instant messaging and video conferencing.

Facebook is a social networking service and website launched in 2004, operated and privately owned by Facebook, Inc. Users may create a personal profile, add other users as friends, and exchange messages when they update their profiles. Additionally, users may join common interest user groups, organized by workplace, school or college, or other characteristics.

Kinect is a “controller-free gaming and entertainment experience” by Microsoft for the Xbox 360 video game platform.

The Pew Internet & American Life Project is one of seven projects that make up the Pew Research Center. It is a nonpartisan, nonprofit “fact tank” that provides information on the issues, attitudes and trends shaping America and the world. The Project produces reports exploring the impact of the Internet on families, communities, work and home, daily life, education, health care, and civic and political life.

Ss are required to look at the words and phrases on the screen and give a brief presentation in class.

1. compromise: an agreement made between two people or groups in which each side gives up some of the things they want so that both sides are happy at the end. 妥协，折中，互让，和解 After long talks the two sides finally reached a compromise. 双方经过长期的商谈终于达成了妥协。

In any relationship, you have to make compromises. 在任何关系中，人们都得做出让步。

compromise (v): give up some of your demands after a dispute with sb, in order to reach an agreement. （为达成协议而）妥协，折中，让步 compromise (with sb) (on sth)

They were unwilling to compromise with the military. 他们不愿与军方妥协。 We finally compromised on a price. 我们最终达成妥协，商定了一个价格。

2. illusion: a false idea, belief or impression 幻觉，错觉

I have no illusion about his honesty. 我对他的诚实不抱幻想。

She?s under the illusion that she?ll get the job. 她存有幻想，认为会得到那份工作。

3. compatible: (of people, ideas, differences, etc.) suitable; able to exist together; (of equipment) able to be used together 合得来的，情投意合的；兼容的，配套的

incompatible: not able to live or work with sb or sth 合不来的；不兼容的

I have never seen two people who were more compatible. 我从未见过两个人能如此般配。 I would like to buy a printer that is compatible with my computer. 我想买台能和我的计算机兼容的打印机。 Water is incompatible with fire. 水火不相容。

4. overlook: fail to see or notice 没注意到，忽略

You have overlooked several mistakes in his work. 你忽略了这项工作中的几个错误。 The secretary is very careful and never overlooks any little points. 秘书很细心，从不放过任何细小问题。

5. congratulation: (～s) words that show pleasure about one?s good fortune or success （用以向人祝贺）祝贺，恭喜，道喜

Congratulations on your exam results! 祝贺你考出了好成绩！

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Congratulations on your marriage! 恭喜你们喜结良缘！

offer one?s congratulations on her success 对她的成功表示祝贺

6. counsel: give advice to sb 建议，劝告，忠告；为（某人）提供帮助（或专业咨询） He counseled us to give up the plan. 他建议我们放弃此项计划。

Most experts counsel caution in such cases. 大多数专家建议在这样的情况下要谨慎从事。 She counseled a lot of couples on their marriage problems. 她为许多夫妇就婚姻问题提供咨询服务。

7. reservation: a feeling of doubt about a plan or an idea 保留意见，疑惑 I have some reservations about his story. 我不大相信他说的话。 The shopkeeper had a few reservations about hiring a former convict. 店主对聘用刑满释放人员有些疑虑。

I have serious reservations about his ability to do the job. 我非常怀疑他有没有能力胜任这项工作。

They support the measures without reservation (= completely). 他们毫无保留地支持这些措施。

8. at one?s worst: showing the most unpleasant side of sb 最差的时候，最糟糕的时候 He is at his worst today. 他今天状态很差。

If this is him at his best, I?m curious to see him at his worst.

如果这是他最好的一面，我很好奇他最差的一面会是什么样的。

9. suspect: think that sth is probably true or likely to happen, esp sth bad, but without having definite proof 疑有，觉得（尤指坏事可能属实或发生）

He seems poor, but I suspect that he has quite a lot of money. 他看上去很穷，可是我怀疑他很有钱。

We suspect they?ll be a little late. 我们猜想他们会晚来一会儿。

I began to suspect that they were trying to get rid of me. 我开始觉察出，他们试图摆脱掉我。 If you suspect a gas leak, do not strike a match or even turn on an electric light. 假如你怀疑有煤气泄漏，不要划火柴，甚至连电灯都不要开。

10. cancel: say that sth already planned will not happen 取消，撤销 The foreign minister yesterday canceled his visit to Washington. 外长昨天取消了他对华盛顿的访问。

All flights have been canceled because of bad weather. 因天气恶劣，所有航班均被取消。 Is it too late to cancel my order? 我现在取消订单是不是太晚了？

2) Language Points:

1. Shove: v. to put sth. somewhere roughly or carelessly

E.g. He came over and shoved a piece of paper into my hand.

他走过来往我手里塞了一张纸条。 2. …, society is collapsing around us.

Collapse v. 1. to fail suddenly or completely

2. to fall down or fall in suddenly, often after breaking apart E.g.:Talks between management and unions have collapsed.

资方与工会的谈判已告破裂。

The roof collapsed under the weight of snow. 房顶在雪的重压下突然坍塌下来。

3. Weaken v. 1. to make sb./sth. less strong or powerful; to become less strong or powerful

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2. to become or make sb. become less determined or certain about sth.

E.g. His authority is steadily weakening.

他的权威日趋减弱。

Nothing could weaken his resolve to continue. 什么也不能削弱他继续下去的决心。

4. Researchers who?ve been studying the family from the days before the web had already described how family life was weakening because of the rise of individualism. Paraphrase:

Researchers who?ve been studying the family from the days before the Internet noted that family members had fewer meals and other family activities together because of the rise of individualism, which stresses independence and self-reliance, while opposing most external interference whether from society, family or any group or institution.

5. divorce:n. the legal ending of a marriage

v. to end one?s marriage to sb. legally E.g. The marriage ended in divorce in 1996.

这桩婚姻在1996年以离婚而告终。

6. blamev. to think or say that sb./sth. is responsible for sth. bad

n. responsibility for doing sth. badly or wrongly; saying that sb. is responsible for sth.

E.g. A dropped cigarette is being blamed for the fire.

一根乱扔的烟被指为引起这场火灾的罪魁祸首。

Why do I always get the blame for everything that goes wrong? 为什么出了事总是让我背黑锅？

7. protest v. to say or do sth. to show that you disagree with or disapprove of sth., especially publicly

n. the expression of strong disagreement with or opposition to sth.; a statement or an action that shows this E.g. It?s no use protesting, I won?t change my mind.

抗议是没有用的，我决不改变主意。 The announcement raised a storm of protest. 这个声明引起了一场抗议风潮。

8. Now that we?re so scared of one another in real-life that we won?t pop next door for a cup of sugar in case the man has a gun, the web is our way out of our cages.

in case: as a way of being safe from sth. that might happen or might be true E.g. Be quiet in case you wake the baby.

轻点儿，别吵醒婴儿。

In case she comes back, let me know immediately. 假使她回来了，立刻告诉我。

9. Now that we?re so scared of one another in real-life that we won?t pop next door for a cup of sugar in case the man has a gun, the web is our way out of our cages. Paraphrase:

We don?t feel safe in real life, but in our inner heart we still have the need to communicate with people. So many of us turn to the Internet where we can hide our identity and feel the sense of security.

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10.if anything: used to express an opinion about sth., or after a negative statement to suggest that the opposite is true

E.g. She?s not thin — if anything, she?s on the plump side.

她并不瘦，其实她还有点胖呢。

11. We live in an increasingly transient world, where the need to make a living has given rise to mass migration to urban centres in every country. Paraphrase:

We live in an increasingly changing world. In this world, people need to make a living to support their families, thus it is common to see in every country the move of population from less developed areas to developed ones, such as the urban centers.

12.enablev. to make it possible for sth. to happen or exist by creating the necessary conditions

E.g. Insulin enables the body to use and store sugar.

胰岛素使人体能够利用和贮存糖分。

The software enables you to access the Internet in seconds. 这种软件使你在几秒钟内便可访问互联网。

1. … we had experienced the usual ups and downs of a couple learning to know, understand, and respect each other. (Para. 1)

Meaning: … like any other couples who were learning to know, understand, and respect each other, we had had both happy and unhappy times.

ups and downs: the mixture of good and bad experiences 盛衰，沉浮 Every business has its ups and downs. 每一种生意均有其荣枯兴衰。 Life is full of ups and downs. 人生充满了欢乐与痛苦。

He has seen the ups and downs in the relations between the two countries. 他目睹了两国关系的起起落落。

2. But through it all we had honestly confronted the weakness and strengths of each other?s characters. (Para. 1)

Meaning: But in experiencing all the ups and downs we had honestly faced and tried to deal with the weak points and strong points of each other?s characters.

3. Gail sometimes wondered why I and other blacks were so involved with the racial issue … (Para. 2) Meaning: Gail sometimes did not understand why I and other blacks gave so much time, energy and attention to the racial issues …

Here “involved” means taking part in sth or giving a lot of time, energy or attention to sth.

4. … she seemed to forget the subtler forms of racial hatred in American society. (Para. 2) Meaning: … she seemed to forget the forms of American racial hatred that are not so obvious. subtle: not easy to notice or understand 微妙的，细微的

There are subtle differences in meaning between these two words. 这两个词的词义有细微差别。 Prejudice can take subtler forms than this. 偏见可能表现得比这更隐晦。

5. … they overlooked serious personality conflicts in the expectation that marriage was an automatic way to make everything work out right. (Para. 4)

Meaning: … they ignored serious personality conflicts. They hoped that everything would go right automatically when they lived their married life.

work out: develop in a certain way; turn out 产生结果，（成功地）发展

Things will work out well if you will just be patient. 如果你耐心点儿，事情会有圆满的结果。 Things have worked out quite well for us. 事情的结果对我们很不错。 How the situation will eventually work out only time can tell. 情况最后将会是怎样，只有以后才知道。

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Compared with highly strict Chinese parenting， the Western way exerts more positive influence on children’s mental and physical health.

Chinese parents care more about children’s grades than their all-round development. They would like to force children to work harder， practice longer and study more. For example, the Chinese mother might threaten to give away her kid’s favorite toys unless a piece of music was performed perfectly, which was just one tactic used to ensure “success.” It is a ruthless way which shows a complete lack of love and respect for children.

On the contrary, Western parents care more about children?s self-esteem, interests and will. They would like to listen to their kids and develop their potentials without forcing them to obey authority. As a result, their children are more self-confident, independent, creative, imaginative, etc. Part C Skill Development Practical Writing

定义：便条是一种简短信函，多使用非正式语体，它的形式比一般书信简单。便条虽简单，但中心任务必须突出，其主要目的是尽快把最新的信息、通知、要求或者活动的时间、地点转告给相关方。具体来说，它应有日期、称呼、正文及结尾。常见的便条有请假条、留言、收条和欠条等。

基本写作格式样

日期指写便条的日期，能说明便条的有效度。英文便条日期一般写在便条的右上角（偶尔也见写在便条的左上角）。

称呼是指写便条人对收便条人的称谓，一般都以Dear开头，写在日期下两行，可空格写或顶格写。

正文是便条的主要组成部分，内容包括写便条的原因，要告诉的事情，有关的希望、建议或要求等。一般是在称呼下方隔一行或两行处开始写正文。正文的首行左边可空格写或顶格写。便条的内容简单，字数少，因此，正文一般只需写一段或两段。若有两段，第二段的首行应与第一段的首行对齐写。

结尾包括结尾套语和签名。结尾套语的位置一般是在正文最后一行的下面，从便条的中央部分开始，稍向右缩进。当然，若正文的开头是往左顶格写，此时的结尾套语也应往左顶格写。签名即写便条人署名，一般位于结尾套语下，偏右。若结尾套语是往左顶格写，这时的署名也应往左顶格写。签名的方式也由写便条人和收便条人的关系和亲疏程度而定。 Practice ommitted

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Unit 5 Success

Part A A Simple Life Well Lived ⅠLead-in

1. Do you know someone who is successful? What characteristics do they have?

Yes, I think Bill Gates is a successful person. Those great people have success in their ordinary life, and some important characteristics they have are ambition, passion and patience.

2. What is the definition of “success”? And how can we tell whether a person is successful or not?

Success refers to the event that accomplishes its intended purpose. Different persons may have different understandings of success. When it comes to a successful person， we usually think of the following types： someone who can fulfill his dreams， someone who can earn the respect of others， someone who can realize his goals or someone who can offer help to the poor， etc.. Ⅱ anguage and Cultural Points 1. mediate needs 燃眉之急 ? The convenience store next door was useful for immediate needs. ? When selecting books in a library, always consider if each book is relevant to your immediate needs. 2. stroll

v. to walk leisurely and with no apparent aim ? On Sunday evening people stroll along the boulevard. ? The visitors liked to stroll about the streets at night. 3. amigo

n. the Portuguese and Spanish word for “friend” in the masculine 4. proceed

n.（usu. pl.） the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property v. move ahead； travel onward in time or space ? A large part of the proceeds is instead saved and recycled into lending to rich Western countries. ? Leading Democrats say they will decide how to proceed within a week or so. 5. fleet

n. group of aircraft, motor vehicles or steamships operating together under the same ownership ? Our own fleet will do the transport. ? The Greek fleet returned and the Greek army entered the city. 6. middleman

n. someone who buys large quantities of goods and resells them to merchants rather than to the ultimate customers

. a particular course of action intended to achieve a result v. deal with in a routine way ? Recognize that your fears and anxieties are a normal part of the process. ? The factory processes leather.

7. We live in a world in which being successful is everything.

在这个句子中， in which 引导的句子为定语从句，修饰先行词 world，而在定语从句中 being successful 是动名词作为从句的主语。 8. Having more and being more is success.

在这个句子中， “having more and being more”是动名词短语，作为从句的主语。 9. Benjamin Franklin was of the opinion， ...

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在这个句子中，was of the opinion 的意思是“认为，持有?的观点”。 10. Money never made a man happy yet，nor will it.

在这个句子中，nor will it 是倒装结构。否定词 nor 放在句子的前面表示强调。其基本句型为 nor + auxiliary/be/modal verb + subject。 Ⅲ Comprehension

A. First Reading: Read the text and answer the following questions. 1. What did the fisherman do for the rest of his time?

2. What suggestions did the businessman give to the fisherman? 3. What is the best part for the fisherman in the businessman?s eyes? 4. What is the measurement of success in the businessman?s eyes?

5. What did Rudyard say in order to warn the students against an over-concern for money, power or popularity?

B. Second Reading : Text A has 11 paragraphs. Which paragraph contains the following information? Fill in the blanks with the corresponding Paragraph numbers.

a. The businessman did not discover how poor he was until he met the Mexican fisherman.

b. The best part is that the fisherman would announce an IPO and sell his company stock to the public and become very rich.

c. The businessman was future-oriented and the fisherman enjoyed a simple life. d. The businessman gave some suggestions to the fisherman on how to become rich.

e. Ralph Waldo Emerson?s idea of a successful life is quite like that of the Mexican fisherman?s. f. The fisherman spent little time fishing.

C. Reading and Interpreting: Work in pairs. Read the sentences from the passage and answer the questions. 1. Instead of selling your catch to a middleman, you would sell directly to the processor and eventually open your own cannery.

Q: What does this sentence mean?

2. The businessman measured success by the accumulation of wealth and by living an extravagant life.

Q: What do you think success should be measured by? 3. Money never made a man happy yet, nor will it. Q: What do you think of this statement? Ⅳ Guided Discussion: Failure & Success

Failure is a common thing in one?s life. Almost everyone experiences failure in his life. When one fails in his attempt in doing something, he often feels upset. That is the reason why some people will avoid failure at all costs.

Yet some people welcome it. The positive attitudes towards failure can be beneficial for you. When you fail you should face it bravely and keep up your courage, then your failure can be changed into a success. Failure can be a good teacher. It always teaches us to be better the second time around. As they say， “The more you try, the more likely you’ll succeed.” There is some wisdom to be learned from failure. If we can learn to turn a failure to our advantage, we will learn another secret to success. Failure is the mother of success and success that comes after failure is so sweet.

As the proverb goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” With confidence we can certainly cope with any difficulties we are faced with and eventually we may achieve the final success. Part C Skill Development

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Practical Writing

投诉信(Letter of Complaint)： 1)定义

在当今商品经济时代,人们常会遇到对所购商品质量或售后服务不满意的情况,这时可以写投诉信求得解决?投诉信与普通书信的格式基本相同?但要注意的是,写投诉信的目的是为了求得一个解决问题的办法而不是为了泄愤,因此写信时一定要注意态度诚恳?直截了当? 2)结构要点

一般说来,一封投诉信应包括三个最基本的方面: 1)投诉内容?一般放在信的开头?

2)投诉原因?一般讲述对商品质量或售后服务不满意 的地方? 3)希望得到的结果? Practice

You found something wrong with the telephone bill you have received from the local post office. You made a call to inquire about this, however, the person who answered the call was very rude. Write a letter of complaint to the manager of the post office, explaining the situation and giving your suggestions for improvement. Your letter should be no less than 50 words. You don?t need to write the address. Don?t sign your own name at the end of the letter, use Donna instead.

Unit 6: Family Starter

Directions: Put the words / expressions in the box into the correct categories.

? Words / expressions for family members : sibling, spouse, parent-in-law, adopted children, fiancé, stepchildren, offspring

? Words / expressions for family structure : single-parent, extended, blended, traditional, nuclear

? Words /expressions for relationship among family members : intimate, close, estranged Part A: Warm-up

Theme-related Information

? nuclear family 核心家庭(仅由父母及子女组成 ? extended family大家庭(尤指三代以上同堂者

? DINK（double income, no kids) 丁克家庭 (一对夫妻,双份收入,没有孩子) ? reconstituted family 重组家庭

? blended family 混合家庭（一方再婚或者双方再婚） ? only child 独生子女 ? real mother真正的母亲 ? single mother单身妈妈

? half brother/sister同父异母或同母异父的兄弟/姐妹

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? twin brother/sister 双胞胎兄弟/姐妹 ? ex-husband/wife前夫/妻

relative亲戚

Do you know the meaning of the word “family”? Family means

? Father and Mother, I love you!

Know more about the family — a song by Ono Lisa No matter where you are At every bend in the road Remember, near or far

You've got family to share your load The trip may not be bliss

We laugh, we yell, and we cry But I can tell you this

We will never ever say goodbye

And even if the weather changes on a dime We always stand together - call me anytime We can chase the thunder out of your sky I promise you at least we'll try... So when your hope is gone Just look around and you'll see We're here to cheer you on

That's what family was meant to be So be happy that you're stuck with me 'Cause there's nothing like a family

Know more about the family — Mother’s Day

Mother?s Day, is a day to show appreciation to mothers. The festival first appeared in ancient Greece, but the modern Mother's Day is the second Sunday of every May, originated in the United States of America. On this day, mothers usually receive gifts, the carnation (康乃馨) is regarded as the flower dedicated to mothers, while Chinese mothers receive lily flower (萱草花)----also known as nepenthes (忘忧草).

. Why is parents? love great? Parents give children lives. Parents teach children a lot and give them directions. Some parents in China even live for their children. Some even devote their lives to their children who suffer from serious diseases.

What do you want to say to your future wife/husband and child? Cues: look forward to , it doesn?t matter , full of happiness

To my wife/husband: I look forward to the day I?ll meet you and when I meet you, it does not matter where we?ve been or who we?ve been with. We will give each other clean slates to start life afresh together. We will love each other forever and will have a happy family.

To my child: I love you, my child. If I could bring you a world full of happiness, I would. If I could take your sadness and pain and feel them for you, I would.

Text A

Language Points:

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1. moving : a. arousing or capable of arousing deep emotion

Example: This book is a deeply moving account of life on the streets 2. the moment the moment后跟句子作时间状语。其他一些表示时间的引导时间状语从句的名词短语: the minute, every time， the first time, etc.

Every time I saw the straw hat, it reminded me of the tour I made years before. I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her. 3. gather the courage鼓起勇气

Example: He gathered the courage to call out his stand. 4. splash out :to spend money casually

Example: She doesn?t mind splashing out.

5. giggle：n./v. to laugh in a silly way because you are amused， embarrassed or nervous Example: There was silence for a moment, then a giggle.

6. tilt：v. to move, or make sth. move into a position with one side or end higher than the other

Example: Suddenly the boat tilted to one side. 7. walk down the aisle — get married

Example: Do you remember how the royal couple walked down the aisle in Westminster Cathedral?

8.When we found out you were pregnant we were ecstatic and soon we discovered it was … getting the nursery ready.

本句是由and连接的两个分句——“When we found out you were pregnant we were ecstatic”和“soon we discovered it was a girl and spent the months running up to the birth getting the nursery ready”——组成的并列句。前半句是由时间状语从句“When we found out you were pregnant”和主句“we were ecstatic”组成的复合句。在后半句中，“discovered it was a girl”和“spent the months running up to the birth”为并列谓语；“getting the nursery ready” 为现在分词短语作状语。

ecstatic— a. very happy， excited and enthusiastic； feeling or showing great enthusiasm

Example: He was ecstatic at the news of his daughter?s birth.

9.grab：v. to take or hold sb./sth. with your hand suddenly, firmly or roughly

Example: She grabbed the child?s hand and ran. 10：snatch — 夺走;夺得

Example: He snatched the ball out of my hand.

11. lively 有“活泼的，快活的，生动的”等意思，可以指人或物，可作定语或表语；但它没有“活着的”的意思，而其他三个都有。 lively, alive, live, living

Examples: Young children are usually lively. He told a very lively story

The living are more important to us than the dead. — a. arranged or expected

— a. owed as a debt or an obligation

12. due: Example: The next train is due in five minutes

13. induce: v. to make a woman start giving birth to her baby by giving her special drugs v. to persuade or influence sb. to do sth.

Example: Nothing would induce me to take the job.

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14. let alone: used after a statement to emphasize that because the first thing is not true or possible, the next thing cannot be true or possible, either Example: We fear no death, let alone difficulties

15. I didn?t know which of you to turn to first— 疑问词which后跟不定式在句子中做宾语。wh形式的疑问词（如what，who，where等）构成的不定式在句子中除了做宾语外,还可以做主语、主语补足语。 When to start has not been decided. （主语）

16. foresee: v. to think sth. is going to happen in the future； to know about sth. before it happens

Example: No one can foresee what will happen in the future 17. 前缀fore-?表示“前面，预先”

Examples: forefather: 前人,祖先 forecast: 预料

foreshadow: 预示，暗示

18. It breaks my heart you never even saw your daughter， let alone held her. Then your heart rate started going up and your blood pressure started going down .

每每想到你从来都没有看过我们的女儿一眼，更别说抱过她了，我就心碎不已。当时，你的心率开始上升，血压开始下降。 Exercises:

Review the text

Discussion: The topic for our discussion today is “Parent-teen Relationship”. A. Brainstorm and list words and expressions related to the topic.

critical irritating annoying out of date silent careless open mature patient can?t see eye to eye scream fight quarrel disagreement stay out late jumping to conclusions poor communication misunderstandings independence privacy pressure too high expectations respect self-control

B. Free Discussion: Based on the discussion above, we know that though good willed，parents can be really annoying to children and the key solution is that the two sides work to establish ground rules together to build a harmonious parent-teen relationship. Then, let?s now discuss the question: “What can we do to build a harmonious relationship with our parents?”

First and the most important thing: Listen patiently

Mark Twain once said: “When I was a boy of fourteen, my father was so ignorant I could hardly stand to have the old man around. But when I got to be twenty-one, I was astonished at how much he had learned in seven years.” This tells us that most time our parents give us the right suggestion. Even when they are wrong, it would not hurt us to just listen to their ideas.

Second: Grow up

Grow up. If we want our parents to stop treating us like a child, make sure we never give them an excuse by acting like one. That means no yelling or whining, no matter how much they irritate us.

Third: Keep our parents in the loop

Keep our parents in the loop. We don?t have to tell them everything, but the more open we

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are with them, the less they?ll feel the need to pry. Remind ourselves that our parents want what?s best for us.

Fourth: Show them respect

Show them respect. If we wouldn?t roll our eyes, openly mock, or constantly interrupt a friend who was saying something we disagreed with, then don?t do it to our folks. Part C: Skill Development A. Video-based Writing

Watch the video clip again and write a composition on the topic Spending Quality Time with Parents Is Important. Base your composition on the outline below: Spending Quality Time with Parents Is Important

What is generally believed nowadays is that adolescents, instead of spending quality time with their parents, prefer doing other things, such as making friends online or hanging out with their peers. The time adolescents spend with their

parents is so little that they even don?t know their parents well, which leads to little communication and poor understanding. Therefore, spending less time with parents is wrong.

It is of great importance to spend quality time with parents. Reasons can be seen as perspectives as follows. To begin with, spending quality time with parents is a good way to establish intimate relationships. It serves as a great opportunity for teenagers to get to know parents about their past, their experiences or their favorite things. Parents, on the other hand, can gain insights into their children to know their feelings. Thus, mutual understanding can be cultivated. Secondly, spending quality time with parents is a good way to get parents and children relaxed and refreshed. Usually parents have to work to support their families and children have to go to school. So spending quality time together means an opportunity for both to have time to enjoy themselves. They can do something active, try something new, play games or just laugh with each other to build strong connections.

Practical Writing

入学证明和毕业证明:（Enrollment Certificate and Graduation Certificate） 教育证明（入学证明和毕业证明）是指学校机关出具的证明一个人的学历或学习情况的文件。因该文件材料具有相应的法律意义，所以其写作文体不同于其他书信，格式较为固定，用词较为严谨且书面化。 Enrollment Certificate

Foreign Language Faculty of Beijing Normal University，

China

入学证明

兹证明，王红同学准予进入北京师范大学外国语学院三年级学习。 院长：（签名）

北京师范大学外国语学院 二一一年九月一日

September 1, 2011

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This is to certify that Miss Wanghong is entitled to enter the junior year at the Foreign Language Faculty of Beijing Normal University.

President:（signature） 毕业证明

（照片） ×××大学（钢印） 证书号码：××××××××

兹证明李小刚，男，生于1987年5月11日，自2006年9月至2010年7月在我校艺术传播学院读表演专业，修完4年大学规定的课程，成绩合格，准予毕业。 院长：（签名） ×××大学 （盖章） Graduation Certificate （photo）

Embossing Seal： DN： ××××××××

This is to certify that the student Li Xiaogang, male, born on May 11th, 1987, majoring in acting in the School of Communication and Art, completed the 4-year undergraduate courses at ××× University from September 2006 to July 2010, and finished all the courses stipulated in the teaching program with satisfactory results. With the qualified records in all the exams set by the program, Mr. Li Xiaogang is hereby permitted to graduate.

President:（signature）

Grammar Knowledge: Present Participle

现在分词由动词原形+ing形式组成，具有双重性，一面具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语；另一面具有形容词和副词的特征，可以充当表语、定语、状语、补足语，表示主动或正在进行的动作，是非谓语动词的一种。

时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 一） 现在分词的时态和语态 ① 一般式（doing）表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生; ② 完成式（having done）表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。 ③ 当句子的主语是分词动作的承受者时，分词用被动语态（being done)。 ④ 如果要强调分词的动作先于谓语动作，就用分词完成式的被动形式 （having been

done ) 。

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二） 现在分词的基本功能

A. 现在分词作定语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作，也可以说明被修饰词的性质和特征,例如:

There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light. He saw a flying bird and raised his bow. I was satisfied with the exciting speech.

B. 现在分词作状语时, 可作时间、条件、结果、原因和伴随状语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语，因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性，例如:

The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.

European football is played in more than 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world.

Seeing from the top of the hill, we can find that the city looks more beautiful. C. 现在分词作补足语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作，例如: Soon they could see the steam rising from the wet clothes. The missing boys were last seen playing near the river. D. 现在分词的独立主格结构作状语，例如:

With his lips still trembling, he couldn?t say a word.

“Mama! ” he cried suddenly, tears rolling down his cheeks. Weather permitting, we?ll go to the Great Wall. Exercises:

1. All flights __ D __ because of the snowstorm，any passengers could do nothing but take the train. A. had been canceled B. have been canceled C. were canceled D. having been canceled

2.___ C _ an answer from the committee, he was worried and decided to fly to Paris himself. A. Having not got B. Getting not C. Not having got D. Having no been got 3. _ D ___, all the quarrels came to an end. A. The lost money was found B. Was the lost money found C. Because the lost money found D. With the lost money found 4. __ C __ a raining day, he did not go out for a walk as usual. A. It was B. What C. It being D. Having been

Unit 2 Pop Culture Starter

Directions: Put the words / expressions in the box into the correct categories.

Positive words/expressions describing pop culture: fascinate, hit, amazing, one-of-a-kind, in, blockbuster, craze, celebrity, non-mainstream

Negative words/expressions describing pop culture: dated, out, old-fashioned, infamous

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Neutral（中性的） words/expressions describing pop culture: element, beat Part A: Warm-up

Theme-related Information

? Jackson is one of the few artists to have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice. He was also inducted into the Dance Hall of Fame as the first (and currently only) dancer from the world of pop and rock ?n? roll. Some of his other achievements include multiple Guinness World Records; 13 Grammy Awards (as well as the Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award); 26 American Music Awards (more than any other artist, including the “Artist of the Century”); 13 number-one singles in the United States in his solo career (more than any other male artist in the Hot 100 era); and the estimated sale of over 750 million records worldwide. Jackson won hundreds of awards, which have made him the most-awarded recording artist in the history of popular music.

? Newman was the star of such films as “The Hustler,” “Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid,” “The Sting,” “The Color of Money,” “Hud” and even cult classic “Slapshot.” He was also an entrepreneur, racecar owner and renowned philanthropist. ? Princess Diana, The People's Princess. Even after her bitter divorce, her legions of fans still treated her like royalty. And the public display of mourning over her fatal 1997 accident approached near martyrdom.

? Meet The Beatles. The release of every new Beatles album was a much-anticipated, common generational thread, sort of how kids (and adults) today await the release of the next generation iPod.

? Oprah Winfrey, world's most powerful woman Oprah Winfrey is the American Dream personified. A black girl born in Mississippi in the 1950s, she now rules a multimedia entertainment industry worth billions. Her natural appeal stems from her humble beginnings, and her success derives from much hard work. For more than 20 years, her talk show has been a staple in millions of American households, and she has dared to speak of topics long considered taboo. But Oprah is not merely a TV personality or an actress, she is an entrepreneur and often called the most powerful woman in the world.

? Elvis, The King: He launched a unique niche in the entertainment industry: the ubiquitous Elvis impersonator. And who among us hasn?t crooned, “You Ain?t Nothing. But a Hound Dog,” on karaoke night? But Elvis? true star power can best be measured in his impact after his death. His music continues to generate millions in sales, 32 years after his death.

? What do you know about Lady Gaga? Have you ever heard any of her songs before? ? Yes. Stefani Germanotta （born March 28, 1986), better known by her stage name Lady Gaga, is an American pop singer, songwriter and the new queen of pop. Part singer and part performance artist, Lady Gaga has singlehandedly reinvigorated pop music and pop culture. Her songs are like brain candy (sticky and addictive) her performances and fashion style are a spectacle. But it?s not all pop and glamour for Gaga. She is vocal supporter of gay rights. Her best known songs include Just Dance, Love Game, Paparazzi, Poker Face, Telephone and Born This Way. Text A

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Language Points:

1. Paraphrase: ... for those of you who are worried that she might not be a good role model for young females, I beg to differ.

Lady Gaga shows her genius and creativity in her works and dresses, which makes her actually a good role model for girls.

…对于那些担心她可能对年轻女性不是好榜样的人,恕我不敢苟同。

2. Lawrence Harvey “Larry” King （born on November 19, 1933） is an American television and radio host. He is recognized in the United States as one of the premier broadcast interviewers. He has won an Emmy Award, two Peabody Awards, and ten Cable ACE Awards. Video Hits is now Australia?s No.1 hit singles-based music show that first aired in June 1986. It broadcasts on Network Ten for approximately three hours each Saturday and Sunday morning, 10 a.m.12 p.m. on Saturdays and 8：30 a.m.12 p.m. on Sundays. Video Hits is the world?s 2nd longest running Music show currently still airing and the longest running music video clip show hosted by Faustina Agolley.

3. Spell: n. words that are thought to have magic power or to make a piece of magic work I completely fell under her spell.

4. But while most of teenagers, even the older ones appreciate the genius in Lady Gaga, some believe that her gift becomes an instrument of pop culture to penetrate young?s consciousness. 但是当大多数的青少年，甚至年龄更大的人都在欣赏嘎嘎小姐的天赋时，有些人却相信她的才华变成了流行文化在年轻人中深入人心的工具。 5. What qualities should a good role model for girls have? People look for the qualities that they believe is the most important in a role model. In my opinion, an ideal role model for girls should be independent, hardworking, generous, with good education, and preferably attractive.

6. Which pop culture icon do you think can be the best role model for college students? Why?

I think Bruce Lee is the best role model for college students. He wins worldwide reputation and respect for Chinese with his own effort and talent. Lee is best known as a martial artist, but he also studied drama and philosophy as a student at the University of Washington. He is well-read and has an extensive library. His own books on martial arts and fighting philosophy are known for their philosophical assertions, both inside and outside of martial arts circles. 7.Paraphrase:With her signature music，fashion and attitude， expected-unexpected Lady Gaga ...

Lady Gaga?s music，fashion and attitude are so distinctive that people can easily identify them with her. She is out of people?s expectation each time，so people get used to her special way.

凭借她标志性的音乐、时装和态度，总能出人意料的嘎嘎小姐…

8. Best Week Ever （later known as Best Week Ever with Paul F. Tompkins）is a weekly television program on the United States cable/satellite network VH1. It started airing in 2004 and was put on hiatus in the summer of 2009. In January 2010，it was announced that the show was canceled. On the show, comedians analyzed the previous week?s developments in pop culture，including then-recent happenings in

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entertainment and celebrity gossip. The show?s tagline was:“It?s everything you love, everything you missed, and all the stuff you need to see again.”

9. consciousness: n. all the ideas, thoughts, feelings, wishes, ect. of a person or persons

The experience helped to change her social consciousness

10. lion?s share: the largest part or share, especially a disproportionate portion The eldest son received the lion?s share of the estate.

11. The Wesleyan Blargus refers to the Blog of The Wesleyan Argus, which is the country?s oldest twice weekly printed college newspaper published by the undergraduates of Wesleyan University. The Argus was named after the hundred-eyed, all-seeing giant from Greek mythology. Argus alumni have gone on to write and to work for the country?s top media companies such as The New York Times and ABC News.

Practical Writing

祝贺信（Congratulation Letter）是社交中的一种礼仪性信函，是在商务合作伙伴、熟人或者同事取得成就、获得提升、毕业、出国、结婚生子等情况下表达祝贺的应用文。祝贺信是一种简短信函，多使用非正式语体，它的形式比一般书信简单。

结构要点 祝贺信一般包括以下几个方面的内容：说明祝贺事由并表达衷心的祝贺；围绕祝贺事件表述贺喜内容，赞扬收信人的优秀能力或者取得成就的原因；再次祝贺或表达美好祝福。祝贺信的语言应热情洋溢，满怀喜悦。

你的朋友吴玲获得了CCTV英语演讲比赛第一名，写一封信对她表示祝贺。 Grammar虚拟语气（1）

英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。

虚拟语气的应用条件: 在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气；表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气：即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法、愿望、假想、猜测、怀疑或建议，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。 A.表示与现在事实相反的情况 从句：主语+过去时

主句：主语+ should/would/could/might + do 如: 1. If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你。） 2. If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：我不知道。） 3. If there were no air or water，there would be no living things on the earth.

如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。（事实：地球上既有水也有 空气。）

B. 表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：主语+had done

主句：主语+should/would/could/might+ have done 如

1. If I had gotten there earlier，I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那

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儿，我就会见到她。（事实：我去晚了。）

2. If he had taken my advice，he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他早听我的劝，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实： 他没有听我的话。） C.表示对将来情况的主观推测 这种情况有三种结构方式 从句 主句 If + 主语 + were to do 主语+ should/would/could/might + do if+主语+did/were 主语+ should/would/could/might + do if+主语+ should + do 主语+ should/would/could/might + do 虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如: If I had worked hard at school，I would be an engineer, too.

如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了。 If they had informed us，we would not come here now.

如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 Exercises:

1. Things might have been much worse if the mother __ B __ on her right to keep the baby.

A. has been insisting B. had insisted C. would insist D. insisted 2. I __ D _ a court of law if I hadn?t been so desperate.

A. resorted to B. would resort to C. would have resorted to D. would never have resorted to 3. ___ D _ before we depart the day after tomorrow，we should have a wonderful dinner party.

A. Had they arrived B. Would they arrive C. Were they arriving D. Were they to arrive 4. It is important that enough money ___ A._ to fund the project.

A. be collected B. must be collected C. was collected D. can be collected Unit 8 Starter

Directions: Put the words / expressions in the box into the correct categories. ? Words / expressions related to natural disaster:

earthquake, tsunami, drought, hailstorm, tornado, hurricanes, acid rain

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? Words / expressions related to environmental protection: conservation, purification, recycle, green, renewable

? Words /expressions related to low-carbon life: solar car, pure electric car, green vehicle

Part A: Warm-up

Theme-related Information

? climate change ? global warming

? sustainable development ? carbon dioxide emissions ? non-fossil energy ? clean energy

? carbon emission reduction ? low-carbon economy ? low-carbon lifestyle

? environmental awareness

? Directions: Learn about 2009 UN Climate Change Conference. （联合国气候变化大会）The 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference, commonly known as the Copenhagen Summit adopted the Copenhagen Accord, which was hailed by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon as \significant step forward\ Aims:

According to the Bali Road Map, a framework for climate change mitigation beyond 2012 is to be agreed there. Participant:

Some 90 world leaders to attend Copenhagen climate summit The Copenhagen Accord

Many countries and non-governmental organizations were opposed to this agreement, but, as of January 4, 2010, 138 countries have signed the agreement. Tony Tujan of the IBON Foundation suggests the perceived failure of Copenhagen may prove useful, if it allows people to unravel some of the underlying misconceptions and work towards a new, more holistic view of things. This could help gain the support of developing countries. China in Action

Chinese steelmakers emphasize emission reduction. To meet the country?s emission reduction standards, some companies with a high production output and high energy consumption are investing in emissions reduction. What is UNFCCC? 《联合国气候变化框架公约》

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC or FCCC) is an international environmental treaty produced at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), informally known as the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro from June 3 to 14, 1992. The objective of the treaty is to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.

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What is the Kyoto Protocol? 《京都议定书》

Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. It sets binding targets for 37 industrialized countries and the European community for reducing greenhouse gas emissions to at least 5 percent below 1990 levels by 2008-12. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, in Dec. 1997 and entered into force on Feb. 16, 2005. What is the Bali Road Map? “巴厘路线图”

After the 2007 United Nations Climate Change Conference on the island Bali in Indonesia in December, 2007 the participating nations adopted the Bali Road Map as a two-year process to finalizing a binding agreement in 2009 in Copenhagen. The conference encompassed meetings of several bodies, including the 13th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP 13) and the 3rd Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (MOP 3 or CMP

1. How can we students contribute to energy conservation and environmental protection?

a. Turn off the lights when not in use. b. Set the air-conditioner?s heat lower. c. Go out instead of staying at the dorm. d. Plant more trees to absorb carbon dioxide 2. What do you know about “Earth Hour” ?

Earth Hour is a global event organized by WWF （World Wide Fund for Nature, also known as World Wildlife Fund） and is held on the last Saturday of March annually, asking households and businesses to turn off their non-essential lights and other electrical appliances for one hour to raise awareness towards the need to take action on climate change. Text A

Language Points:

1. go beyond — exceed sth

The price went beyond their means.

He had gone beyond his duty in helping his friend get a position.

2. vote: n. formal expression of an opinion or choice, e.g. by ballot or show of hands

There were 16 votes for my suggestion, and 15 against The book had a great impact on its readers.

3.... it became a widespread phenomenon, now spreading globally with a movement

reaching more than 50 million people that participate in more than 35 countries.

在这个句子中，“now spreading globally ...”作伴随状语，“reaching more ... 35 countries”作后置定语。分词作状语的例子还有： The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable 与“carbon”有关的表达有：

carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 carbon emission 碳排放量

3.... it is estimated that 80 million people joined the Earth Hour movement in 2009 ... 在这个句子中，“that”后面的成分是主语，“it”是形式主语。“It is estimated ...”翻译为“ 据估计，据判断”。类似的表达还有：It is calculated ..., It is reported ..., It is

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said ...

4. It is estimated that the number of demonstrators is about 5 , 000.

Recent estimates show 1 billion supporters in 4, 100 cities from 87 countries located on seven different continents joined in ...

在这个句子中，“located on seven different continents ”作后置定语修饰“ 87 countries ”.类似结构的句子如下：Who were the so-called guests invited (=Who had been invited) to your party last night?

5. Bowtrol is an all natural herbal colon cleansing treatment that has changed thousands of people?s lives through effective internal cleansing. Bowtrol is also designed for people suffering from colon health. Bowtrol maximizes one?s elimination without causing loose stool or uncomfortable cramping via frequent healthy bowel movements while assisting in cleansing the vital organs and lymphatic system.

6. Provillus is a very popular and natural hair loss product that tackles hair loss by blocking the formation of DHT in the system. After several months of usage DHT levels become sufficiently reduced to minimize the damaging effects on the hair follicle. This results in the stopping of hair loss and subsequent regrowth. Provillus supports this process by providing a number of proven hair friendly nutrients that create an environment conducive to healthy hair growth.

7. blast n. an explosion or a powerful movement of air caused by an explosion; sudden strong gust of air

Several passers-by were killed by the blast

8. abandon: v. go away from (a person or thing or place) , not intending to return; forsake; desert; give up completely (esp. sth. begun)

The broken bike was found abandoned by the river side 9. CRT

The Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube containing an electron gun (a source of electrons) and a fluorescent screen, with internal or external means to accelerate and deflect the electron beam, used to create images in the form of light emitted from the fluorescent screen. The image may represent electrical waveforms (oscilloscope), pictures (television, computer monitor), radar targets and others. 10. I guess they do it for security, but there?s got to be a better solution.

I suppose they do it for safety, but they have to think of a better way to solve this problem.

11. solution：n. a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem；

the successful action of solving a problem

12. In the summer we open the window more and don?t run our air-conditioner We open the window more and don?t run our air-conditioner as much as before. Discussion: The topic for our discussion today is “Environment and Economy”. A. Brainstorm and list words and expressions related to the topic.

contaminate, conserve, preserve, dump, recycle, dispose of, burn, bury, erode, worsen, deteriorate fossil fuel, coal, oil, natural gas, clean energy, electricity, nuclear energy rubbish, trash, waste, litter, landfill, throwaway, disposable, pollutant, plastic bags, drinking cans, biodegradable packaging, carbon emission, acid rain, greenhouse effect, global warming, ecological system=ecosystem, green belt,

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sand storm, Earth Hour, car-free day, World Environment Day, International Biodiversity Day, World Water Day , World Meteorological Day, World Oceans Day B. We all know the world has its problems, particularly where the environment is concerned. Now can you list ten environmental problems you know? And of the ten problems, which ones do you think are more urgent in China?

acid deposition, air pollution, climate change, habitat and biodiversity loss, desertification and erosion, water pollution, global warming and the greenhouse effect, heavy metals, ozone toxicology, population growth of the ten problems, habitat and biodiversity loss, air pollution, water pollution and desertification and erosion are the most serious problems in China. C. Free Discussion

Now let?s have a debate on the question:“Is the economic development of developing countries more important than the environmental protection?”

Hint: This can also be seen as developed countries vs. developing ones. Industrial countries have depended upon polluting industries for their wealth. Now they fear that uncontrolled economic development in the developing countries will lead to environmental disaster. Developing countries point out that they must make industrialization and economic development a priority because they have to support their growing populations. Developing countries must address current problems; they cannot afford to worry about the distant future. The Significance of Being Environmentally Friendly

In recent years, our society has witnessed people?s growing awareness of protecting the Earth. From the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 to the Earth Hour, human being has made huge progress in realizing that the Earth and people are closely connected with each other to coexist.

It cannot be denied that our Earth is suffering from heartbreaking deterioration. Last year she has lost 50, 000 acres of forest and expanded its population by 211, 000 people; next year, 20 to 500 plant and animal species will disappear from the planet at the current rate, let alone the deforestation of the rain forests, the pollution of the environment. It was once widely believed that human activities could make the Earth a better place for people to live. However, in the long term of view, human activities have also brought us endless pain because of our ignorance of the environmental protection, which has been vividly depicted in many movies concerning this issue. Human beings should raise their walk or ride bikes. Remember to unplug electronics when they are not in use. Little things like turning off faucet when brushing teeth and wearing sweater to save heat can also make big differences. Our Earth is such an amazing place that we all should make contributions to make her more beautiful than ever.

Practical Writing

You are required to write a poster based on the followings: Under the auspices（主办） of the Student Union of our university, a friendly football match will be held between the team of Faculty of Foreign Languages and the team of Chemical Engineering College on our football field at 5: 00 p.m. on Saturday, Oct. 21st. Poster

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Football Match

Faculty of Foreign Language vs. Chemical Engineering College Time: 5:00 p.m., Saturday, October 21st Place: Football Field

Student Union

October 15 Grammar: 虚拟语气（2） 用在wish后的宾语从句

A. 表示与现在事实相反的愿望,谓语动词用过去式。如:

I wish I had your brains.

我希望我有你那样的头脑。

B. 表示与过去事实相反的愿望,谓语动词形式:had+done。如:

I wish I had known the truth of the matter.

我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。

C. 表示将来难以实现的愿望,谓语动词形式:should/would + 动词原形。 如:

I wish I should have a chance again.

我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。 用在目的状语从句中

A. 在for fear that, in case, lest引导的从句中,若用虚拟语气时, 从句谓语 为:should + do,并且should不能省略,如:

She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。 He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他早早的就出发了以防迟到。

B. 在so that, in order that 所引导的目的状语从句中,从句中的谓语为： can/could/may/might/will/would/should + do。

如: He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。

He read the letter carefully in order that he would not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个字。 其他用法

A. 含有desire, prefer, order, command, advice, suggest, propose, demand,

require, request, ask, insist等词的句子中,无论主句谓语动词为何种时态,从句的谓语动词都用:“should+ do”, should可以省略。

B. 表情绪、观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气,如：necessary, important, impossible, natural, strange, surprising, funny, right, wrong, better, a pity等。 C. 在even if, even though所引导的让步状语从句中,可用虚拟语气, 主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同，如:

Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。（事实：他没来）

Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他。（事实：华佗不在世）

D. 一般would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与

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客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。如： I?d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。 I?d rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。

E. 虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中，表示：“早该做某事了”。这时定语从

句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：It is（high/about） time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + do，即从句用虚拟过去式。 如:

It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.

我该去学校接我的女儿了。

It is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了。 F. 省略的虚拟条件句型

非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下

文中或以其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如 without ..., but for ...等。如：

But for his help, we would be working now.

要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。

Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress.

要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。 Exercises:

1. I?d rather you ___ C_ make any comment on the issue for the time being. A. don?t B. wouldn?t

C. didn?t D. shouldn?t

2. Jack wishes that he _ A ___ business instead of history when he was in university.

A. had studied B. study

C. studied D. had been studying 3. Had he worked harder, he __ B__ the exams.

A. must have got through B. would have got through C. will get through D. can get through 4. I don?t think it advisable that Tom __ C__ to the job since he has no experience.

A. is assigned B. will be assigned C. be assigned D. has been assigned

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