RHEL6 Postfix+Dovecot邮件系统配置

下午闲来无事，就在RHEL6上面折腾了下邮件的收发，rhel5默认采用sendmail做为MTA,rhel6则采用postfix，以前也从来没玩过这个，因此今天折腾的时候遇到了蛮多的阻力，现在基本实现了邮件的收发功能，更多的postfix配置后期还需要不断的学习和整理，下面附上实验过程1：环境介绍

邮件服务器IP： 192.168.50.24/24，主机名为5a16123987c24028915fc392，因为

懒得去配dns，这里就用hosts文件来代替解析

客户端1 IP： 192.168.50.211/24，FreeBSD 8.1,使用telnet收信

客户端2 IP: 192.168.50.40/24, Win7，使用foxmail收发邮件

[root@rhel6 ~]# hostname

5a16123987c24028915fc392

[root@rhel6 ~]# cat /etc/hosts

192.168.50.24 5a16123987c24028915fc392 rhel6

127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomainlocalhost

2：安装postfix和dovecot软件包，这里为了省事，就采用rpm包方

式安装，后期可以去研究研究如何编译使用，rhel6默认已经安装好了postfix,所以只需要安装dovecot即可

[root@rhel6 ~]# rpm -qa |grep -E 'postfix|dovecot|sendmail +' postfix-2.6.6-2.el6.x86_64

dovecot-2.0-0.10.beta6.20100630.el6.x86_64

3：修改postfix主配置文件如下，各配置项的具体含义可以参考手册和注释

[root@rhel6 ~]# grep -v '^#' /etc/postfix/main.cf |grep -v '^$' queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix

command_directory = /usr/sbin

daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix

data_directory = /var/lib/postfix

mail_owner = postfix

mydomain = 5a16123987c24028915fc392 //指定邮件域

myorigin = $mydomain

inet_interfaces = all

inet_protocols = all

mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550

mynetworks_style = subnet

mynetworks = 192.168.50.0/24, 127.0.0.0/8 //指定允许中继的IP 地址段

alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases

alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases

debug_peer_level = 2

debugger_command =

PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin

ddd $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id& sleep 5 sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix

newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix

mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix

setgid_group = postdrop

html_directory = no

manpage_directory = /usr/share/man

sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/samples readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/README_FILES [root@rhel6 ~]# service postfix start

启动 postfix： [确定]

本地发信测试

[root@rhel6 ~]# mail -s 'Postfix1'ylw6006@5a16123987c24028915fc392< /etc/hosts

win7客户端测试：

4：修改dovecot主配置文件如下

[root@rhel6 ~]# grep -v '^#' /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf |grep -v

'^$' |grep -v '#'

!includeconf.d/*.conf //该配置项说明conf.d下的所以conf结尾的文件均有效，注意最前面的"!"号

protocols = imap pop3 lmtp

login_trusted_networks = 192.168.50.0/24 //指定允许登录的网段地址

dict {

}

若未设置login_trusted_networks参数值，使用telnet登录110端口，将会出现如下错误，不知道这个值能不能设置为四个零，这个还有待测试…

freebsd# telnet 192.168.50.24 110

Trying 192.168.50.24...

Connected to 192.168.50.24.

Escape character is '^]'.

+OK Dovecot ready.

<2564.2.4d106a4d.NTUFLnbszkRtt73yHZq2iw==@5a16123987c24028915fc392>

user oracle

-ERR Plaintext authentication disallowed on non-secure (SSL/TLS) connections.

pass oracle

-ERR Plaintext authentication disallowed on non-secure (SSL/TLS) connections.

quit

+OK Logging out

Connection closed by foreign host.

[root@rhel6 ~]# tail -f /var/log/maillog

Dec 21 16:51:00 rhel6 dovecot: pop3-login: Aborted login (tried to use disabled plaintext auth): rip=192.168.50.211,

lip=192.168.50.24, mpid=0

5：设置/etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf配置文件如下：

[root@rhel6 ~]# grep -v '^#' /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf |grep -v '^$' |grep -v '#'

mail_location = mbox:~/mail:INBOX=/var/mail/%u

mbox_write_locks = fcntl

如未设置mail_location参数值，将会出现如下错误：

freebsd# telnet 192.168.50.24 110

Trying 192.168.50.24...

Connected to 192.168.50.24.

Escape character is '^]'.

+OK Dovecot ready.

<2656.1.4d106ad9.Ovoh/mkl1gK+XPX5qohEbA==@5a16123987c24028915fc392>

user oracle

+OK

pass oracle

Connection closed by foreign host.

[root@rhel6 ~]# tail -f /var/log/maillog

Dec 21 16:52:50 rhel6 dovecot: pop3-login: Login: user=, method=PLAIN, rip=192.168.50.211, lip=192.168.50.24, mpid=9826, secured

Dec 21 16:52:50 rhel6 dovecot: pop3(oracle): Error: user oracle: Initialization failed: mail_location not set and autodetection failed: Mail storage autodetection failed with

home=/u01/oracle

Dec 21 16:52:50 rhel6 dovecot: pop3(oracle): Error: Invalid user settings. Refer to server log for more information.

设置完mail_location值后，需要重启dovecot服务，同时需要创建相关的目录，否则还会出现如下错误

freebsd# telnet 192.168.50.24 110

Trying 192.168.50.24...

Connected to 192.168.50.24.

Escape character is '^]'.

+OK Dovecot ready.

<2781.1.4d106bc3.JFuUEG+bO68ixpY2W1zihg==@5a16123987c24028915fc392>

user oracle

+OK

pass oracle

-ERR [IN-USE] Couldn't open INBOX: Internal error occurred. Refer to server log for more information. [2010-12-21 16:56:40] Connection closed by foreign host.

[root@rhel6 ~]# tail -f /var/log/maillog

Dec 21 16:56:40 rhel6 dovecot: pop3-login: Login: user=, method=PLAIN, rip=192.168.50.211, lip=192.168.50.24, mpid=10115, secured

Dec 21 16:56:41 rhel6 dovecot: pop3(oracle): Error:

chown(/u01/oracle/mail/.imap/INBOX, -1, 12(mail)) failed: Operation not permitted (egid=501(dba), group based on

/var/mail/oracle)

Dec 21 16:56:41 rhel6 dovecot: pop3(oracle): Error:

mkdir(/u01/oracle/mail/.imap/INBOX) failed: Operation not permitted

Dec 21 16:56:41 rhel6 dovecot: pop3(oracle): Error: Couldn't open INBOX: Internal error occurred. Refer to server log for more information. [2010-12-21 16:56:40]

Dec 21 16:56:41 rhel6 dovecot: pop3(oracle): Couldn't open INBOX top=0/0, retr=0/0, del=0/0, size=0

[root@rhel6 ~]# su - oracle

[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/oracle/mail/.imap/INBOX [oracle@rhel6 ~]$ exit

logout

[root@rhel6 ~]# mail -s 'Postfix mail test'oracle@5a16123987c24028915fc392< /etc/hosts

freebsd# telnet 192.168.50.24 110

Trying 192.168.50.24...

Connected to 192.168.50.24.

Escape character is '^]'.

+OK Dovecot ready.

<2867.1.4d106ca7.L311rFiY7/LIWOTM2Cp3Xg==@5a16123987c24028915fc392>

user oracle

+OK

pass oracle

+OK Logged in.

list

+OK 5 messages:

1 672

6：为了使新创建的用户可以自动创建这个目录，可以修改/etc/skel/.bash_profile文件如下

[root@rhel6 ~]# tail -4 /etc/skel/.bash_profile

if [ ! -d ~/mail/.imap/INBOX ];then

mkdir -p ~/mail/.imap/INBOX

fi

7：新建一个用户，并在win7 客户端收信测试

[root@rhel6 ~]# useradd tiger

[root@rhel6 ~]# echo '123456' |passwd --stdin tiger 更改用户 tiger 的密码。

passwd：所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。

[root@rhel6 ~]# mail -s 'tiger'tiger@5a16123987c24028915fc392< /etc/5a16123987c24028915fc392

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