2018年东北师范大学外国语学院883英语专业基础(语言学)之语言学教程考研冲刺五套模拟题

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2018年东北师范大学外国语学院883英语专业基础（语言学）之语言学教程考研冲刺五套模拟

题（一） .................................................................................................................................. 2 2018年东北师范大学外国语学院883英语专业基础（语言学）之语言学教程考研冲刺五套模拟

题（二） ................................................................................................................................ 10 2018年东北师范大学外国语学院883英语专业基础（语言学）之语言学教程考研冲刺五套模拟

题（三） ................................................................................................................................ 21 2018年东北师范大学外国语学院883英语专业基础（语言学）之语言学教程考研冲刺五套模拟

题（四） ................................................................................................................................ 30 2018年东北师范大学外国语学院883英语专业基础（语言学）之语言学教程考研冲刺五套模拟

题（五） (39)

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第 2 页，共 47 页 2018年东北师范大学外国语学院883英语专业基础（语言学）之语言学教程考研冲刺

五套模拟题（一）

说明：根据本校该考试科目历年考研命题规律，结合考试侧重点和难度，精心整理编写。考研冲刺模考使用。共五套冲刺预模拟预测题，均有详细答案解析，考研冲刺必备资料。

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一、Explain-the-fllowing-terms

1． MT

【答案】 It refers to machine translation , the use of machine （usually computers ） to translate texts from one natural language to another

2． Achievement test

【答案】 Achievement test is a test which measures how much of a language someone has learned with reference to a particular course of study or program of instruction.

3． bound root

【答案】

Bound root refers to the base form of a word that cannot further be analyzed without total loss of identity , and this base form could not occur alone , such as “-ceive” in “receive”.

4． CALL

【答案】 It is the abbreviation of computer-assisted language learning , which refers to the use of a computer in the teaching or learning of a second or foreign language. In this kind of CALL programs , the computer leads the student through a learning task step-by-step , asking question to check comprehension. Depending on the student^ response , the computer gives the student further practice or progresses to new material.

5． 1-narrator

【答案】 The person who tells the story may also be a character in the fictional world of the story , relating the story after the event. In this ease the critics call the narrator a FIRST-PERSON NARRA TOR or I- NARRATOR because when the narrator refers to himself or herself in the story the first person pronoun I is used. First-person narrators are often said to be “limited” because they don?t know all the faces or “unreliable” because they trick the reader by withholding information or telling untruths. This often happens in murder and mystery stories.

6． IC analysis

【答案】 IC analysis : IC analysis （immediate constituent analysis ） refers to the analysis of a sentence in terms of its immediate constituents---word groups （or phrases ） ,which are in turn analyzed into the immediate constituents of their own , and the process goes on until the ultimate constituents are reached. In practice , for the sake of convenience , we usually stop at the level of word.

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第 3 页，共 47 页 7． Back-formation

【答案】 Back formation refers to an abnormal type of word formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language. For example , the word “television” appeared before “televise”，and so does “editor” to “edit”.

8． Assimilation

【答案】 It is a process by which one sound takes on some or all the characteristics of a neighboring sound. It is often used synonymously with coarticulation. Nasalization , dentalization and ，velarization are all instances of assimilation. There are two possibilities of assimilation : if a following sound is influencing a preceding sound , it is regressive assimilation ;

the converse process , in which a preceding sound is influencing a following sound , is known as progressive assimilation. For example , in “mink”，“n”，which is originally pronounced as will be velarized by the following “k”/k/，and therefore the word will be pronounced as

9． Conceptualism

【答案】

It is the view which holds that there is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to ; rather , in the interpretation of meaning they are linked through the mediation of concepts in the mind.

10．constituent

【答案】 Constituent is a term used in structural sentence analysis for every linguistic unit , which is a part of a larger linguistic unit. Several constituents together form a construction : for example , in the sentence The boy ate the apple , S （A ） , the boy （B ） , ate the apple （C ）

, each part is a constituent. Constituents can be joined together with other constituents to form larger units. If two constituents , in the case of the example above , B （the boy ） and C （ ate the apple ） , are joined to form a hierarchically higher constituent A （“S”，here a sentence ） , then B and C are said to be immediate constituents of A.

二、Short-answer-questions

11．What are the differences between simile and metaphor?

【答案】 Simile is a way of comparing one thing with another , of explaining what one thing is like by showing how it is similar to another thing ,and it explicitly signals itself in a text , with the words as or like. For example , the phrase as cold as ice is a common simile.

Although metaphor also makes a comparison between two unlike elements , this comparison is implied rather than stated. That is , it differs from simile in that the words such as like or as do not appear. For example , uThe life is a stage” is a metapho r.

12．How would you describe the oddness of the following sentences , using semantic features?

（a ）The television drank my water.

（b ）His dog writes poetry.

【答案】（a ） The verb drink represents a behavior of the animate beings , therefore , it is required

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第 4 页，共 47 页 that the subject of this verb should have a semantic feature as （+ANIMATE ） , however , the word television , which is in position of subject , has an opposite feature :（-ANIMATE ） . That?s why such a collocation results in oddness.

（b ） The action of writing poetry is normally one which only human beings could do , therefore , the subject is required to have a semantic feature as （+HUMAN ） ; however , the word dog in the subject position is featured as （-HUMAN ） . Therefore , the sentence is odd.

13．Analyze the following dialogue with reference to Grice ’s Cooperative Principle

A : Oh I like this popular song so much How about you?

B : I often hear classical music , especially , the symphonies composed by Beethoven His Symphony No.9 is my favorite.

【答案】 B has obviously violated Maxim of Relation : A was asking B?s opinion about a particular popular song , but B?s response was actually about classical music. By such a violation , B probably wanted to imply that he did not like that popular song.

14．What are the four maxims of the co-operative principle? Which maxim does this speaker seem to be particularly careful about : "'Well , to be quite honest , I do not think she is ill today.

【答案】 The four maxims of the co-operative principle are as follows :

Quantity. （1） Make your contribution as informative as is required （for the current purposes of the exchange ）. （2） Do not make your contribution more informative than is required.

Quality. Try to make your contribution one that is true. （1） Do not say what you believe to be false. （2） Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.

Relation. Be relevant.

Manner. Be perspicuous. （1） Avoid obscurity of expression. （2） Avoid ambiguity. （3） Be brief. （4） Be orderly.

In the utterance given , it is probable that the speaker is particularly careful about the maxim of Quality , which rules that do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.

15．What are the three important points of the Prague School?

【答案】 The three important points developed in Prague School are :（a ） It was stressed that the synchronic study of

language is fully justified as it can draw on complete and controllable material for investigation but no rigid theoretical barrier is erected to separate diachronic study , （b ） There was an emphasis on the systemic character of language. （ c ） Language was looked on as functional in another sense , that is , as a tool performing a number essential functions or tasks for the community using it.

16．What are the four obvious barriers to adult L2 acquisition?

【答案】 A variety of explanations have been put forward for the apparent decline in adults :

Physical factors such as the loss of “plasticity” in the brain and “lateralization” of the brain ; social factors such as the different situations and relationships that children encounter compared to adults ; cognitive factors such as the interference with natural language learning by the adulfs more abstract

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