铁道车辆专业英语课文翻译

枕木 sleeper 轨枕 crossing

平交道口 multiple unti 动车组high-speed railways 高速铁路 maglev

磁力悬浮火车centrifugal force 离心力 emergency brake handle 紧急制动手柄 metro 地铁 light rail

轻轨铁路commuter train 通勤车tanker

罐车operation 运转操作infrastructure

下部构造platform 站台EMU

电力牵引动车组 DMU 内燃牵引动车组 cushioning 减震 缓冲electricity-air control 电空控制antiskid 防滑装置 bolster

枕 rotational resistance 回转阻hunting

蛇行 narrow-gauge 窄轨 bolster springs 摇枕弹簧damper

减震器阻尼器 longitudinal anti-yawing dampers

纵向抗蛇行减震器disc brakes 盘形制动 traction transfer device 牵引装置wheel tread brakes 踏面制动tread gradient 踏面斜self-steering

自导向Vehicle Suspension 车辆悬挂cushion system 缓冲装置vertical movement 垂向振动 primary suspension 一系悬挂装secondary suspension二系悬挂装置车钩 coupler 摇枕bolster 乘务员crew

轴箱axlebox 棚车boxcar

封闭车housing car 保温refrigerator car 牲畜车 stock car 漏斗车 hopper 罐车 tank car 集装箱 container 车体 carboy

复合车 combine car

邮政车 railway post office 圆顶车dome 转向架bogie

瞭望车observation car 缓冲器 draft gear 行李车 baggage car 卧铺车sleeping car 旁承side bearer

制动缸 brake cylinder 侧梁 side beams

横梁cross beamscrosstie 敞车 gondola 英译汉

1.The basic design of a

passenger car hasn”t changed much since the middle of the 19th century,but there are several different passenger car types in service around the world.

2.自19世纪中期以来，客车的基本设计没有发生多大改变，但仍有不同形式的客车在全世界范围内使用。

3.The cars on a freight train are seldom all alike. They are usually of many sizes and perhaps many

colors ,and there are different kinds of cars for different kinds of freight.

4.组成一列货物列车的车辆很少全部是一种类型。通常有很多类型和不同颜色，各种不同类型的车辆是针对不同的货物而设计。

5.Gondolas are used to ship heavy and or bulk commodities such as scrap metal, aggregates,wood chips ,finished steel,and structural or dimensional products such as steel beams and poles.

6.敞车用来运送质量较重或是散装货物，如废金属，蔬菜，木头，钢材制品以及钢梁和钢棒等型材。

7.Now that passenger cars were lighter,they were able to carry heavier loads,but the size of the average passenger that rode in them didn’t increase to match the cars’ new capacities.

8.现在的客车比以前更轻而且承载能力更强。但是普通客车承载容量的增大不能满足客车新的承载需求。

9.Cars can be coupled together into a train,either hauled by a locomotive or self-pow-ered.

10.多节车辆连挂构成列车，由机车牵引或自带动力。

11.Many facilities are now applied to passenger carrying cars which contribute to the comfort and some to the entertainment of

passengers, such as air conditioning and public address system.

12.现在为了提高客车舒适性和满足公众娱乐，在客车上采用了许多设施，如空调，公共服务场所。

13.Ensure good ride comfort by absorbing vibration generated by track irregularities and minimizing impact of centrifugal forces when train runs on curves at high speed.

14.通过吸收线路不平顺引起的震动和减小高速通过曲线时离心力的冲击确保乘坐舒适。

15.Swing hanger bogie and small lateral stiffness bolster spring bogie.

16.摇动台悬挂转向架和小横向刚度摇枕弹簧悬挂转向架。

17.Although the swing hanger type achieves good ride comfort by minimizing horizontal stiffness of the suspension gear,its maintenance is relatively difficult due to the

complex structure and large number of wearing parts.

18.虽然通过减小悬挂装置的水平刚度，摇动台悬挂转向架获得了较好的乘坐舒适性，但由于结构复杂，磨耗部件多，其维护较困难。

19.In the 1980s,a bolsterless bogie was commercialized to improve performance by reducing the number of parts and the bogie weight.

20.20世纪80年代，无摇枕转向架实现了商业化，该转向架通过减少零部件的数量和转向架的重量来改善转向架的性能。

21.Corrugated wheels with a corrugates outer face have been commercialized to boost rigidity ,while reducing plate thickness and weight.

22.波形（S形）辅板车轮减小了辅板厚度和降低自重的同时提高了车轮刚度，所以批量生产。

23.The big advantage of such drives is that all the weight of the motor is carried in the bogie frame(so it is a frame mounted motor)instead of it being directly supported by the axle and therefore partially unsprung.

24.这种驱动（空心轴）装置最大的优点是电机的重量不在作为部分簧下重量直接由车轴承担，而是全部由转向架构架承担（架悬式电机）。

25.It was recognized very early in the development of railways that the interface between vehicle body and wheel needed some sort of cushion system to reduce the vibration felt as the train moved along the line.

26.在铁路发展早期，大家普遍认为：在车轮和轮对连接处需要安装一些缓冲系统来较低列车运行时的震动，

27.This system was based on a steel plate framed bogie with laminate spring axlebox

suspension ,much as seen on the first vehicles,and with a secondary suspension added between the car body and the bogie.

28.该系统（悬挂系统）由装在构架上的叠板弹簧轴箱悬挂构成。

这种系统在早期车辆中比较多见，并且在车体和转向架之间装有二系悬挂装置。

29.Apart from the provision of a better ride,air suspension has one additional feature rare on conventional steel or rubber

suspension systems~the ability to provide an accurate load/weight signal which an be used to modify the acceleration and braking of a multiple unit train.

30.除了具有较好的运行性能，空气弹簧悬挂还有另外一个特点，它可以为动车组列车提供准确的载重信号从而来操控加速或制动，这一特点在普通的钢弹簧悬挂和橡胶弹簧悬挂系统中是没有的。

31.The bolster bogie was developed first. A fundamental characteristic of the bogie is that it must rotate relative to the body on curves,while retaining high rotational resistance during high-speed running on straight

sections in order to prevent wheelset hunting that reduces ride comfort.To achieve these characteristics,the bolster bogie has a center pivot that serves as the center of rotation,and side bearers that resist rotation

32.,摇枕转向架首先被改进。转向架的基本特点是在通过曲线时能够相对车体转动，而在直线上高速运行时保持较高的回转阻尼以限制降低运行舒适性的轮对蛇形。为了获得这些性能，有摇枕转向架由中心销实现回转，由旁承来阻尼回转。

33.17Freight car is a general term used to designate all kinds of cars which carry goods ,merchandize,

produce,minerals,etc.,to distinguish them from those which carry

passengers or are used in passenger train service.

34.货车是用来指定各种汽车运送货物,采购、生产、矿物质等。,以区别于那些载客或用于客运列车服务。

35.18.Passenger cars for carrying and serving the travelling public ,whether heavyweight of lightweight,can be split into several car types(listed in alphabetical

order):baggage,coach,combine,diner,dome,lounge,observation,Pullman,merchandise,railway post office(RPO)and sleeper.

36.客车载客和旅游公共服务,无论重载或者轻载可以分成几种客车类型(按字母顺序列出):行李车,坐席车,复合车,餐馆车,圆顶车,休息室,瞭望车、卧车、商务车、铁路邮局(RPO)车和卧铺。

37.19.For the transportation of compressed gases under high pressures,multiple cylinders or container of comparatively small diameter are mounted on or form part of the car.

38.对于高压下的压缩气体的运输，复架的圆筒或者直径较小的集装箱被安装在车体上形成车体的一部分。

39.With the advent of

containerized freight, special types of flatcar were built to carry standard shipping containers and semi-trailers

40..随着集装箱运输的出现，特殊类型的平车被设计用来运输标准型的集装箱和半挂车

41.22. Schnabel car--- speclized type flat car for carrying heavy and oversized loads in such a way that the load itself makes up part of the car even larger and heavier loads

42.钳夹式长大货车--一种特殊类型的平车，运送超重超大负载以一种负载本身作为车的一部分的方式，即使是更大更重的负载亦可。

43.23.Gondolas can be covered or open ,with fixed sides and end or drop-ends and solid or drop bottoms ,depending on the

customer’s loading requirements

44..敞车可以覆盖或敞篷，有侧墙和可以向下翻的端墙和固定的向下倾斜的底部，这取决于客户的装载要求。

45.24.Refrigerator cars are used to carry fruits and vegetables in the winter,as well as in the

summer,though one could hardly say they were being used as

“refrigerator”cars in the winter time.冷藏车在冬季被用来运送水果和蔬菜，以及在夏季，虽然人们可以很难说他们被用来作为“冰箱”车在冬天的时候。

46.25.The container car reduces the work of loading and unloading cars at freight stations and lessens the danger of loss and breakage of the goods which they carry.

47.集装箱降低了装卸车在货运站的工作，减轻损失和他们携带的物品破损的危险。

48.26.Some liquids form gas if they become too warm, and tank cars have safety valves,similar to the safety valve on a steam

locomotive,which open and permit the gas to escape when the pressure reaches a certain point.

49.如果温度太高，一些液体会变成气体，罐车都有安全阀，就像蒸汽机车的安全阀一样，当压力达到一定值时，就呈开放状态，放出气体

50.27.Railway or

railroad,form of transportation most commonly consisting of steel

rails,called tracks,on which freight cars,passenger cars,and other rolling stock are drawn by one locomotive or more.

51.铁路是交通中最常见的由钢轨组成，称为轨道，在它上面有货车，客车或者其他机车车辆被一个或多个火车头牵引。

52.28.There are two common types of open top cars,the gondola car and the hopper car. The chief difference between theses two is that the gondola car has a flat floor or bottom,while the hopper car has floor which slopes downward from each end and in some car from the sides also.

53.开顶车有两种常见的类型，敞车和漏斗车。两者之间的主要区别是，敞车有一个平坦的地板或底部，而漏斗车前后两端都有向下倾斜的陡坡，在某些车上侧面也有。

54.29.Box cars are made in many different sizes. Very large ones are used for automobiles and furniture. Automobile cars have double doors or extra large single doors in the sides,and some of them have large doors at the

ends,through which the automobiles can be loaded and unloaded.

55.棚车有许多不同的尺寸。非常大的被用来运送汽车和家具。运送汽车的棚车有两个门，或者侧面有一个额外的大门，其中一些尾部有大门，便于装卸汽车。

56.30.Sometimes you may see a train hauling steel bridge beams or wooden poles so long that need several flat cars together to carry them. Along the sides and at the ends of the floor of the flat car there are usually a number of metal pockets,in which wooden stakes may be placed,if necessary ,to hold freight on the car. If you have ever seen a flat car loaded with lumber perhaps you have notices how the lumber is held in places by these stakes.

57.有时你会看到一列车用好几辆平车来运送钢桥横梁或者很长的木杆。沿着侧墙或者在地板的

尾部通常有大量的金属空格，其中可以安置木桩，如果需要的话，可以拴住车上的货物。如果你曾经见过运送木材的平车，你可能会注意到木材是怎样被这样木桩固定的。

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train,railroads are able to run passenger trains over the same tracks at higher speeds than would otherwise be possible

59.比起采用其他措施，使用摆式列车可以使列车以更高的速度运行在相同的线路上

60.32A heaveyweight car is one that is physically heavier than a lightweight car due to its construction.

61. 重载列车由于它的结构，在物理上比轻载列车更重。

62.3By building passenger cars out of steel instead of wood,the manufacturers were able to build lighter weight cars with smooth or fluted sides and smooth roof lines.

63.通过用钢材代替木材来修造旅客列车，制造商可以修造有着光滑，带凹槽的侧墙，以及光滑车顶曲线的轻载列车

64.34. The beds were designed in such a way that they either rolled or folded out of the way or

converted into seats for daytime use.

65.床的设计以这样一种方式，它们要么卷起或折叠，或转换成席位白天使用。

66.35.Railroad passenger train car as now designed for use on our railways are practically of all steel construction.

67.铁路旅客列车车厢像现在专为我们的铁路使用的实际都是钢结构的。

68.36.As passenger car

construction improved to the point where dome cars were

introduced,some passenger car manufacturers began building

double decker passenger cars for use in areas that are more heavily populated or to carry more

passenger over a long distance while using fewer cars.Cars used on

long-distance passenger trains could combine features of any of the basic car types, while cars used in local commuter service are often strictly coach types on both levels

69.由于客车建设提高到圆顶车的生产，一些客车厂家开始在更人口稠密或使用较少客车携带更多的乘客在长途领域上建立双层客车，使用长途旅客列车可以结合任何基本类型车辆的功能，而在当地通勤服务中使用的客车两层都有严格的客车类型

70.37.The car’s interior is filled with row upon row of seats, generally all arranged facing toward one end of the car. The seats are often so close together that there is not much room for anything more than a passenger or two in them . Carry-on baggage is stowed on a shelf above the passenger seating area. Coaches are sometimes referred to as chair cars.

71.车的内部充满了一排排的座位，通常被安置着面向着车得同一侧。座位往往靠的非常近，因而除了一两个旅客之外，再没有多余的空间。随身携带的行李被放在旅客座位上部的架子上。坐席就是通常所提到的椅子。

72.38.A baggage car is a type of rail transport passenger car. Its purpose is to carry the checked baggage of the passengers in a

passenger train . The baggage car is normally placed between the train’s motive power and the remainder of the passenger train and is typically coupled at the front of the train close to the locomotives. Because this type of car is usually hauled at the front of a passenger train, it is

sometimes classified as “head-end equipment”

73.行李车是一种旅客列车。它的目的是在客车上运输旅客的行李。行李车通常被设置在动力部分和旅客车厢中间，通常连接在靠近机车的部分。因为这种车通常在客车之前被牵引，所以一般被分类为“前端设备”。

74.39.A dome car is a type of railroad passenger car that can include features of lounge car, dining car and an observation. Its primary feature is a glass dome on the top of the car where passenger can ride and see in all directions around the car.

75.圆顶车是一种包含了休闲室，餐车和瞭望车特点的旅客列车。它主要的特点就是顶部有一玻璃圆顶，旅客可以在各个方位进行观察。

76.Bogies can be classified into non-articulated and articulated types according to the suspension

77.按照悬挂装置，转向架可以分为铰接和非铰接转向架。

78.41.To ensure good ride

comfort on passenger cars, the bogie must absorb the rolling motion that passengers are most sensitive to. 79.为了确保客车良好的运行舒适性，转向架必须吸收乘客最敏感的侧滚运动

80.42.Conventional swing hanger bogie designs support the body by using lower swing bolster beams suspended from the bogie frame by means of a link consisting of two vertical members that widen toward the bottom, together with bolster springs and upper swing bolster beams (to support vertical movement).

81.摇动台悬挂转向架常采用悬挂在转向架构架上的摇枕托梁和摇枕弹簧和摇枕（支持垂向运动）一起来支持车体，其中摇枕托梁通过一个由两个末端加宽的垂直组件组成的链接件（摇枕托吊）与构架连接。

82.43.The bogie frame accommodates various bogie equipment and is generally

fabricated by welding together two side beams and two cross beams into an H-shaped frame.

83.转向架构架用于安装各种转向架设备，通常由两根侧梁和两根横梁组焊成H型.

84.44.It is a critical component determining the running

performance of the bogie, ride comfort and bogie frame

construction, due to the suspension method and support rigidity

85.其悬挂方式和支撑刚度决定转向架性能，运行舒适性和转向架构架的结构

86.Wheels are susceptible to mass imbalance, which causes vibration of the axle and wheel and is transmitted to the body, producing uncomfortable resonance（['rez n ns] ） at certain speeds.

87.车轮易产生不均重，这会使车轮和车轴产生振动，并传给车体，在特定速度下会引起令人不舒服的共振。

88.46.The nose suspension device was large and heavy to

withstand vibration generated by the axle and also due to the slow speed of the motor, resulting in large bogie mass and unsprung mass.

89.抱轴式悬挂装置体积重量大，增大了转向架的质量和簧下质量使得牵引速度下降，使得它能够抵挡轴所产生的振动。

90. 47.Bogies are classified into single-axle, two-axle, three-axle, etc., based on the number of axles.

91.The two-axle bogie is most common. In addition to its relatively

simple structure, it has the advantage of decreasing the impact of track irregularities on the railcar at the car suspension point, in comparison to the single-axle bogie which transmits the impact to the car directly .

92.由于转向架在两条钢轨上运行，所以其最基本的结构要素是一根车轴和两个轮子，车轮通常压装在车轴上按轴数分类，转向架可以分为单轴，两轴，三轴等。最常见的是两轴转向架。除了结构相对简单外，它还有减小轨道不平顺在轨道车辆悬挂点冲击的优点。而单轴转向架则将冲击直接传给车体。

93.48.Although the articulated bogie has some disadvantages, such as a complex structure, increased axle load due to the support of one body by one bogie, and difficult maintenance, it offers various

advantages including a lower centre of gravity, better ride comfort because car ends do not overhang bogies, and less effect of running noise on passengers because seats are not over bogies.

94.虽然铰接式转向架存在结构复杂，因为车体由一个转向架支撑使得轴重增加，维修困难的缺点，但也有重心低，运行舒适性好（因为车端没有悬挂在转向架上）和噪音影响小（因为座位不在转向架上）等诸多优点。

95.49.The suspension gear (bolster spring, traction transfer device, anti-yawing damper, and lateral damper) plays an important role in supporting the body, allowing the bogie to rotate relative to the car body on curves, isolating the body from vibration (including high harmonics) generated by the bogie, and transmitting traction force from the bogie to the body. For these purposes, the bolsterless bogie has air springs that permit large

horizontal displacement, as well as a traction transfer device (classified into permanent-link type, the Z-link

109.

type and laminated- rubber type) at the virtual rotational centre of the bogie for transmitting the tractive force to the car.

96.悬挂装置（中央弹簧，牵引装置，抗蛇形运动减震器和横向减震器）在车体支撑中起着重要的作用，它使得通过曲线时转向架能够相对车体转动，隔离转向架产生的振动和噪音，传递牵引力。为了实现这些功能，无摇枕转向架装有允许大水平变形的空气弹簧，还有设在转向架虚拟回转中心的牵引装置（包括半永久连接，Z型连接和层状橡胶三种），传递牵引力。

97.50.The axlebox was only allowed vertical movement,since it was restrained by two “horns”extending down from the underframe.

98.自从被底架下伸出的两导框所约束，轴箱只允许垂向振动。

99.51. This system was based on a steel plate framed bogie with laminated spring axlebox suspension, much as seen on the frist vehicles, and with a secondary suspension added between the car body and the bogie .

100.这种系统由装在构架上的叠板弹簧轴箱悬挂装置构成，这种系统在早期的车辆中比较多见，并在车体和转向架间有二系悬挂装置。

101.52 .The spring plank rests on bearer rods suspended between the swing links. This arrangement allows the spring plank to rock from said to said and it will act in

opposition to sideways movement of the bogie frame.

102.弹簧托板座在吊轴上，悬挂在摇枕吊环之间。这种组成装置的形式允许弹簧托板从一侧向另一侧摆动，可以限制转向架构架的侧向运动。

103.53 .It was recognized very early in the development of railways that the interface between vehicle body and wheel need some sort of cushion system to reduce the vibration felt as the train moved along the line.

104.在铁路发展早期，大家普遍认为：在车体和轮对的结合处需要安装一些缓冲装置来降低列车运行时的振动。

105.54.The spring consisted of a set of different length steel plates arranged with the longest at the top and the shortest at the base of the set. They were held together with a steel strap in the centre.This strap formed the point of contact with the axlebox.The laminations or” leave” of steel gave rise to the”leaf spring” name more commonly used today . They were also referred to as

“elliptical ” springs ,on account of the curved shape they often formed.

106.这个弹簧有着不同长度的钢板所组成，最长的在上面，最短的在下面。他们被钢带连接在一起。这个带子形成的点和轴箱相连接。一层层钢板叠起来放置形成的“叠板弹簧”这个名字在今天使用的更为普遍。由于形成的曲线形状，也别称为“椭圆弹簧”。

107.55.The secondary

suspension of the bogie is mounted crosswise in the centre, the bogie has a pair of transverse members called “transoms”. They are riveted or welded (depending on the design)to the bogie side frames,a steel”swing link ” is hung from each end of each transom and a spring plank is laid across the bogie between them,a said view of the bogie below shows the way the spring plank is supported by the swing links.

108.转向架的二系悬挂横向安装在中心。转向架有一对横向构件被称为“横梁”。他们被铆接或者焊接在转向架的侧架上，钢制摇枕吊环被悬挂在横梁的尾部，并且弹簧托板横穿在转向架和摇枕吊杆之间。从侧面看转向架下面，展示出来弹簧托板是如何被摇枕吊杆所支撑的。

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