新概念英语第一册语法综述 13-18

新概念英语第一册语法综述

（LESSON13-LESSON18）

Part 1

1、Your passports, please. 最简单的祈使句，参见Lesson1的语法。

1.表示请求、要求、命令、建议等意义的句子称为祈使句。祈使句肯定结构中的谓语动词一律用动词原形，句子以谓语（动词原形）开头，句末用惊叹号或句号，句子用降调。 2.祈使句变否定形式是在祈使句的开头加“Don`t”

3.祈使句的句前或句末常常加上please，以使语气更加缓和、客气。 2、Here they are. 给你。这是Here it is.复数形式。参见Lesson1的语法。

3、How do you do? 你好。用于较正式的场合。等于Nice to meet you. 参见Lesson1的语法。 4、Come and meet our employees… and引导的第二个祈使动词，参见Lesson4的语法。 5、office assistant = office boy。办公室的干杂务的工作人员。 6、复数形式：

1.代词的复数形式：we(I)；you(you)；he/she/it(they)；my(our)；your(your)；his/her/its(their)；this(these)；that(those)

2.现在时中，动词be使用are

3.名词的复数：名词分两种，可数名词和不可数名词。一般来说：专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词。反之就是可数名词。一些不可数名词的例子如：bread、pork、water、money、air、paper、glass。一般来说，如果名词单独跟数词产生数量上歧义就是不可数名词，比如：Give me two pork?不能表达出名词的准确数量，这就是不可数名词。 可数名词的复数变化：

(1) 一般情况下加-s，如：

book-books friend-friends case-cases (2) 以-s，-x，-ch，-sh加-es，如：

dress-dresses box-boxes watch-watches dish-dishes (3) 以-f或-fe结尾的，把f或fe变v再加-es，如：

leaf-leaves life-lives knife-knives

但也有例外情况：roof-roofs chief-chiefs gulf-gulfs serf-serfs belief-belief-s proof-proofs (4) 以“辅音+y”结尾的，把y变i再加es，但“元音+y”只加s，如：

factory-factories boy-boys

(5) 有些以“辅音+o”结尾的加es，常用的单词只有四个：

Negro-Negroes hero-heroes potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes (6) 不规则变化：

1)特殊变化：

foot-feet mouse-mice child-children man-men 2)单复数相同：

a sheep-two sheep a fish- two fish 3)只有复数

glasses 眼镜；compasses 圆规 goods 货物 trousers 裤子 4)复数常用：常使用复数，如果使用单数表示其中之一。

matches 火柴 shoes 鞋子 twins 双胞胎 parents 父母

5)当表示“某国人”的名词，以-ese或-ss结尾的，通常单复数相同，但一般情况下加-s。

Chinese-Chinese American-Americans

注意的是We’re American 和 We’re Americans都是正确的。 从语法上来说，前者是形容词，而后者是名词。

（7）复合名词的复数形式有三种：

1）将构成复合词的最后一个词变为复数形式。例如：

gentleman— gentlemen（绅士） policeman—policemen（警察） film-goer—film-goers（爱看电影的人） afternoon—afternoons（下午） 2）将构成复合词的主要词变成复数形式。例如：

looker-on—lookers-on（旁观者） bride-to-be—brides-to-be（准新娘） passer-by—passers-by（过路人）

3)将构成复合词的两个部分都变成复数形式。这种复合名词的第一个词必须是man或woman。 例如：

man doctor—men doctors（男医生） woman teacher—women teachers（女教师） man cook—men cooks（男厨师） 4.单数变复数的例子：

This is my pen. These are our pens

What colour is this? What colour are these? Yes, I’m. Yes, we are.

5.注意复数的所有格形式：teachers’ books

7、以who引导的特殊疑问句：who是疑问代词，pron.谁。

Who is this young man? 这人年轻人谁？

Who is that wear blue T-shirt? 穿蓝色T恤的人是谁。

注意：向主语提问没有助动词一说。who或whose相当于主语。

Who came to school yesterday? 昨天谁没来上学？ Who often help somebody else？谁经常帮助别人？

8、passport是出国人的原属国所签发的，来证明该人员为本国合法公民，受本国一切法律保护；而visa是出国人的护照上的签证，往往是对方国所签发的许可。 9、单词辨析：“旅行”的近义词：

journey:通常指有明确目的地走过或长或短的距离。 voyage:指经由海路或空中的长途行程。

travels:（通常是复数）常指时间稍长的各处旅行，并且尤指出国。 travel:一般指传统意义的旅行/行驶。

trip:一般指短时间的旅行或者观光，往往是从某地出发，经过一番旅行后又返回到原地。

Part 2

一、单词辨音：选出划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词 （ ）1. A lovely B upstairs C colour D dog （ ）2.A green B he C she D hello （ ）3.A same B name C hat D case （ ）4.A pardon B smart C carpet D Korean （ ）5.A come B colour C catch D mice （ ）6. A these B this C thank D that （ ）7.A these B red C see D Chinese （ ）8.A passport B cat C card D pardon

（ ）9.A Danish B tourist C friend D officer （ ）10.A black B orange C fat D thank （ ）11. A office B thin C assistant D fine （ ）12.A hard B card C passport D catch （ ）13.A sale B make C cat D case （ ）14.A office B come C umbrella D colour （ ）15.A sales B assistant C office D same （ ）16. A man B cat C any D thank （ ）17.A see B employee C green D friend （ ）18.A brown B house C how D tourist （ ）19.A Danish B fat C nationality D hat （ ）20.A policeman B policewoman C milkman D please 二、根据中文提示默写单词

1.颜色__________ 2.聪明的__________ 3.绿色的__________ 4.相同的__________ 5.可爱的__________ 6.帽子__________ 7.箱子__________ 8.狗__________ 9.来__________ 10.楼上__________ 11.海关__________ 12.护照__________ 13.旅游者__________ 14.朋友__________ 15.女孩__________ 16.灰色的__________ 17.黑色的__________ 18.这些__________ 19.办公室__________ 20.努力地__________ 21.推销员__________ 22.助手__________ 23.雇员__________ 24.懒得__________ 三、语法和词汇：从A、B、C、D中选出正确答案 （ ）1.Come _________ see it.

A or B to C / D and （ ）2.Look.Here _________.A very nice dress!

A is it B it is C they are D are they （ ）3.“_________ is it?”“It`s green.”

A What B Which colour C Whose colour D What colour （ ）4.That`s a very nice dress.It`s _________.

A dirty B clean C hot D smart （ ）5.“What colour is your carpet?”“It`s _________.” A old B new C big D red （ ）6. “What colour is your coat?”“It`s _________.” A young B long C short D green （ ）7.“What colour is your blouse?”“It`s _________.” A fat B thin C smart D yellow （ ）8.“What colour is your case?”“It`s _________.” A lovely B nice C good D brown （ ）9.“What colour is your shirt?”“It`s _________.” A apple B banana C orange D pear

（ ）10.“What colour is your hat?”“It`s _________.”

A long and short B new and old C cold and hot D grey andblack （ ）11. “What colour is your suit?”“My suit is green.What colour is your suit?”“It`s the same colour.”“What colour?”“_________.”

A Red B Yellow C White D Green （ ）12.Come upstairs and _________ it.

A look B look at C see D see at （ ）13.Come _________ and see it.

A to upstairs B in upstairs C on upstairs D upstairs （ ）14.That is a _________ hat!

A love B lovly C lovely D lovlly （ ）15.My dress is _________.

A smart dress B smart C a smart D dress smart （ ）16.“Are you Swedish?”“_________.”

A No,we are B Yes,we aren`t C No,we aren`t D Yes,we are not （ ）17.“Your passport,please.”“_________”

A Here it is. B Here you are. C Here is it. D Here are you. （ ）18.“Are these your cases?”“_________”

A Yes,it is. B No,it isn`t. C Yes,they are. D Yes,they is. （ ）19.“Your cases,please.”“_________.”

A Here are they B Here it is C Here is it D Here they are （ ）20.“Are you friends?”“_________.”

A Yes,I am B Yes,we are C Yes,we are D Yes,I are （ ）21.“Are your friends tourists?”“_________”

A Yes,we are. B Yes,they is. C Yes,they am. D Yes,they are. （ ）22.“What colour are your books?”“_________ green.” A It is B They is C It are D They are （ ）23.What colour _________ your dogs? A is B am C are D be

（ ）24.“What colour are your_________”“They are white.” A coat B coats C cloth D shoe （ ）25.“Are your_________brown? ”“Yes,they are.” A dress B dress`s C dresses D dress is

（ ）26. “My blouse is green.What colour is your dress?”“It`s _________colour.” A green B the same C lovely D / （ ）27.“Is your daughter French?”“_________.”

A No,she isn`t B Yes,he is C No,they aren`t D Yes,I am （ ）28.“_________?”“It`s blue.”

A Whose colour is your shoe B What colour is your shoe C How colour is your shoe D What colour are your shoes （ ）29.“_________?”“They are blue.”

A Whose colour are your shoes B What colour is your shoes C How colour are your shoes D Whose colour are your shoes （ ）30.“Are these your tickets?”“Yes,_________.”

A They are not B it is C it is not D they are （ ）31. “What are their jobs?”“They are_________.”

A milkman B housewifes C postmans D milkmen （ ）32.“What are their jobs?”“They are_________.”

A air hostess B air hostess-es C air hostesses D airs hostesses （ ）33.“What are their jobs?”“They are_________.”

A sale reps B sales reps C sales rep D sale rep （ ）34.“What are their jobs?”“They are_________.”

A mechanics B mechanices C mechanic D mechanic-s （ ）35.“What are their jobs?”“They are_________.” A Customs officer B Customs officers C Custom officer D Custom officers （ ）36.“What are their jobs?”“They are_________.”

A housewife B housewifes C housewifees D housewives （ ）37.“What are their jobs?”“They are_________.”

A milkmen B milksmen C milkmans D milksmans （ ）38.“What are their jobs?”“They are_________.”

A postmans B postsmans C postmen D postsmen （ ）39.“What are their jobs?”“They are_________.”

A taxi drivers B taxis drivers C taxi driver D taxi driveres （ ）40.“What are their jobs?”“They are_________.” A keyboard operators B keyboards operators C keyboards operator D keyboard operatore （ ）41. “What are their jobs?”“They are_________.”

A policemans B policemanes C policemen D policemens （ ）42.“What are their jobs?”“They are_________.”

A engineeres B engineers C engineer D engineermen （ ）43.“What are their jobs?”“They are_________.”

A assistants B assistantmen C assistantes D assistant （ ）44.“What are their jobs?”“They are_________.”

A employees B employeees C employeemen D employee （ ）45.“What are their jobs?”“They are_________.”

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