货运代理英语课文讲义_货运代理考试_考试重点_难点_真题

目录

Unit 1 International Trade

Unit 2 Scope of Freight Forwarding Service

Unit 3 Incotenn 2000

Unit 4 UCP 600

Unit 5 Terms of Shipment in the Contracts for the International Sales of

Goods

Unit 6 Documentary Credit

Unit 7 The Practice of International Ocean Cargo Transportation

Unit 8 Chartering Business

Unit 9 Marine Bills of Lading

Unit 10 Ocean Freight Rates

Unit 11 Marine Cargo Insurance

Unit 12 Customs and Port Procedures

Unit 13 International Rail and Road Transport

Unit 14 General Features of Consolidation

Unit 15 Muhimodal Transport

Unit 16 kogistics

Unit 17 E-business and E-commerce

Unit 18 Business Correspondence, Telex and Fax

Unit 19 Air Freight

Unit 20 The Air Waybill

Unit 21 Air Cargo Charges and Rates

2010年国际货运代理货代英语第一章讲义

国际贸易的定义及重要性

英文原文：International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories.

注释：exchange: 交换，汇兑 (另外常用的一个短语：foreign exchange: 外汇)border: 边(界, 缘, 境); 界线 territory: 领土, 领地, 版图, 地区, 活动范围

中文意思：国际贸易是指跨越各国国境或领土的资本、货物和服务的交换活动。

2、国际贸易重要性的表现

英文原文：In most countries, it represents a significant share of gross domestic product (GDP).

注释：represent: 表现, 表示, 描绘, 讲述, 代表, 象征significant: 重要的, 重大的, 值得注意的 share: 份额 gross domestic product: 国内生产总值

中文意思：在大多数国家，国际贸易占国内生产总值很大的比重。

英文原文：While international trade has been present throughout much of history, its economic, social, and political importance has been on the rise in recent centuries.

注释：throughout: 遍及，贯穿economic: 经济(上)的，经济学的social: 社会的，社会上的 political: 政治上的，政治的 importance: 重要(性)，重要方面(意义)on the rise: 在上涨，在增长 recent: 近来的 century: 世纪

中文意思：国际贸易在整个历史发展过程中也得到了体现，国际贸易在经济、社会、政治等方面的重要性在近几个世纪的发展中不断增长。转自环球网校aa3824140b4e767f5acfce72

英文原文：Industrialization, advanced transportation, globalization, multinational corporations, and outsourcing are all having a major impact on the international trade system.

注释：industrialization: 工业化，产业化 advanced transportation: 先进的运输 globalization: 全球化 multinational corporation: 跨(多)国公司 (multinational: 多国的，跨国的)outsourcing: [商] 外部采办，外购，外包 major: 较大的，主要的 impact on: 对…冲击，碰撞;影响 international trade system: 国际贸易体系

中文意思：工业化、先进的运输、全球化、跨国公司和外包服务等方面的发展对国际贸易体系都产生了较大的影响。

英文原文：Increasing international trade is crucial to the continuance of globalization.

注释：increasing(increase): 使(体积, 数量, 强度, 程度, 力量等)增大或增长 be crucial to (sth): 对……来说是至关重要的(crucial: 决定性的, 重要的, 严厉的)continuance：继续, 停留, 持续

中文意思：国际贸易增长对全球化的持续发展是至关重要的。

英文原文：International trade is a major source of economic revenue for any nation that is considered a world power. Without international trade, nations would be limited to the goods and services produced within their own borders.

注释：source: 来源，根源 economic revenue: 经济收入(revenue: 收入，收益，税收)be considered: 被看作是，被认为是(consider: 认为，考虑)world power: 世界强国 be limited to: 局限于，被限制在…上 produce: 生产，制造

中文意思：对于任何一个称为世界强国的国家来说，国际贸易是其经济收入的主要来源。没有国际贸易，该国的经济将仅限于本国境内的货物和服务的生产制造。

国际贸易和国内贸易的差异

1、成本差异转自环球网校aa3824140b4e767f5acfce72

英文原文：International trade is typically more costly than domestic trade. The reason is that crossing a national border typically involves additional costs such as tariffs, time costs due to border delays, and

costs associated with country differences such as language, the legal system, or a different culture.

注释：typically: (typical) 代表性地，典型地 costly: (cost) 昂贵的, 代价(费用)高的, 费用大的 domestic trade：国内贸易 national border: 国界 involve: 包括, 使陷于,卷入，涉及 additional: 附加的，另外的 tariff: 关税 due to: 由于 delay: 耽搁，延迟 associate with: 与…联系在一起，联合 difference: 差异 legal system: 法律制度，法律体系

中文意思：国际贸易中的成本通常会明显高于国内贸易。原因是国际贸易通过一个国境时通常会产生附加的成本，比如关税，边境延误产生的时间成本，以及由于国与国之间语言、法律体制或者文化等方面的差异所产生的成本。

2、生产要素差异

英文原文：Another difference between domestic and international trade is that factors of production such as capital and labor are typically more mobile within a country than across national borders.

注释：factors of production: 生产要素 capital and labor: 资本和劳动力 mobile: 移动的，流动的

中文意思：国内贸易与国际贸易的另一个差异在于生产要素的流动，比如资本和劳动力在一国国内的流动比跨越国境的流动要容易得多。转自环球网校aa3824140b4e767f5acfce72

英文原文：Thus, international trade is mostly restricted to trade in goods and services.

注释：mostly: (most) 主要地 be restricted to: 仅限于…，限制在… (restrict: 限制，约束)

中文意思：如此一来，国际贸易主要限于货物和服务的交易。

英文原文：Then, trade in goods and services can serve as a substitute for trade in factors of production. Instead of importing the factor of production, a country can import goods that make intensive use of the factor of production and are thus embodying the respective factor.

注释：serve as: 被用作..., 充当..., 起...的作用 substitute: 代替品，代替物 instead of: 代替，而不是… intensive: 密集的，精深的，加强的 embodying (embody): 体现，包括，包含 respective: 各自的，分别的中文意思：那么，货物与服务的贸易可替代生产要素的贸易。一国可进口生产要素密集型的货物，这一货物分别包含了各生产要素，而不用进口生产要素。

英文原文：An example is the import of labor-intensive goods by the United States from China. Instead of importing labor, the United States is importing goods from China that were produced with Chinese labor.

注释：an example: 举例，例子 labor-intensive: 劳动密集型的 United States: 美国

中文意思：例如美国从中国进口劳动密集型的货物。美国从中国进口的是用中国劳动力生产的货物而不是进口劳动力。

3、国际经济的命脉

英文原文：International trade is also a branch of economics, which, together with international finance, forms the larger branch of international economics.

注释：branch: 分支，支系together with: 和，加之;共同，一起international finance: 国际金融 form: 构成，形成，组成

中文意思：国际贸易是经济的一条命脉，它与国际金融共同构成了国际经济更大的命脉。

国际贸易主要包括了两个方面的风险：经济风险和政治风险。

1、经济风险转自环球网校aa3824140b4e767f5acfce72

英文原文：Economic risks include the risk of insolvency of the buyer; the risk of the failure of the buyer to pay the amount due within six months after the due date; the risk of non-acceptance; the risk of exchange rate, and so on.

注释：include: 包括，包含 insolvency: 无力偿还，破产 failure: 失败，无支付能力 amount: 金额，款额 due: 到期的，应付的 non-acceptance: 不接受, 不兑现, 拒绝承兑 exchange rate: 外汇汇率，外汇汇价

中文意思：经济风险包括：买方破产;买方到期日后六个月内不支付应付款额;拒绝承兑;外汇风险等。

2、政治风险

英文原文：Political risks include the risk of cancellation or non-renewal of export or import licenses; war risks; risk of expropriation or confiscation of the importer’s company; risk of the imposition of an import ban after the shipment of the goods; transfer risk — imposition of exchange controls by the importer’s country or foreign currency shortages; and influence of political parties on an importer’s company.

注释：cancellation: 注销，作废，取消 non-renewal ：不更换license: 许可(证)，执照 expropriation: 征用, 收用, 征收 confiscation: 没收, 充公, 征用 importer: 进口商，输入者 imposition: 强迫接受，征税，负担 import ban: 进口禁令(ban: 禁令)shipment: 装船，装运 transfer risk: 转让风险(transfer: 交付，转让(财产等))exchange controls: 外汇管制foreign currency ：外币 shortage: 缺乏，不足influence: 影响力, 权力, 势力political parties: 政党转自环球网校edu24中文意思：政治风险主要包括：取消或不更换出口或进口许可证;战争风险;进口商公司被征用或者充公;货物装船后强制实施进口禁令;转让风险——进口商所在国家采取的强制性的外汇管制或者外币紧缺;以及该国政党对进口商公司的影响。

1、世贸组织的简单介绍转自环球网校aa3824140b4e767f5acfce72

英文原文：The World Trade Organization is best described as an umbrella organization under which the agreements that came out of the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations are gathered.

注释：World Trade Organization (WTO): 世界贸易组织 be described as: 被描述为(describe: 描述，形容)umbrella organization: 联盟组织，各种团体联合在一起的组织(umbrella: 通常为名词，雨伞;在这里作为形容词理解“包罗万象的”;organization: 组织，机构)agreement: 契约, 协议, 协定 came out of (come out of): 由…产生，从…出来 Uruguay Round：乌拉圭回合multilateral trade negotiations: 多边贸易谈判(multilateral: 多边的，多国的;negotiation: 谈判，磋商)gather: 聚集，集合，收集

中文意思：准确地说世界贸易组织是一个联盟性的组织，联盟内的各项协定都是经乌拉圭回合多边贸易谈判共同达成。

英文原文：Additionally, the WTO is to cooperate with the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank in order to achieve coherence in global economic policy making.(附属功能)

注释：additionally: 此外 cooperate with: 与…合作 the International Monetary Fund: 国际货币基金组织 the World Bank: 世界银行 in order to:

(表目的)为了… achieve coherence: 达成一致(achieve: 完成，达到;coherence: 一致，一致性)global: 全球的，世界的 policy: 方针，政策中文意思：此外，世贸组织与国际货币基金组织及世界银行合作，致力于实现全球经济政策制定的统一。(附属功能)

2、世界贸易组织的基本功能(4个方面)

1)to implement, administer, and carry out the WTO Agreement and its annexes;

执行，管理和实施世贸组织协定及其附件。

(注释：implement: 实现，执行 administer: 管理，实施 carry out: 完成, 实现, 贯彻, 落实 annex: 附件)

2)to act as a forum for ongoing multilateral trade negotiations;

充当现行多边贸易谈判的论坛

(注释：act as: 充当，担当 forum: 论坛，讨论会 ongoing: 进行的，前进的)

3)to serve as a tribunal for resolving disputes;

作为解决争端的法庭转自环球网校aa3824140b4e767f5acfce72

(注释：tribunal: 法庭, 法官席, 裁决 resolve dispute: 解决争端(resolve: 解决，消除;dispute: 争端，争议，纠纷)

4)to review the trade policies and practices of member states.

评审各成员国的贸易政策和行为

(注释：review: 审查, 评审, 再检查 practice: 行为 member states: 成员国)

1、贸易壁垒的一般定义转自环球网校aa3824140b4e767f5acfce72

英文原文：A trade barrier is a general term that describes any government policy or regulation that restricts international trade.

注释：trade barrier: 贸易壁垒 general term: 总称，总括 regulation: 规则，规章，条例 restrict: 限制; 约束; 制[禁]止

中文意思：贸易壁垒是指各国政府用于限制国际贸易的政策或条例的总称。

2、各种贸易壁垒措施

1)import duties: 进口税(注释：duty: 关税)

2)import or export licenses: 进出口许可证

3)import quotas: 进口配额 (注释：quota: 配额)

4)tariffs: 关税

5)subsidies: 补贴

6)non-tariff barriers: 非关税壁垒

3、贸易壁垒实施的原理转自环球网校aa3824140b4e767f5acfce72

英文原文：Most trade barriers work on the same principle: the imposition of some sort of cost to trade that raises the price of trade products. If two or more nations repeatedly use trade barriers against each other, then a trade war results.

注释：principle：原则，原理 repeatedly: 再三地，重复地 result: 产生, 结果, 致使

中文意思：大多数贸易壁垒实施的原理是一样的：强制性地增加某些贸易的成本，将会使得贸易产品的价格上升。如果两个或多个国家之间相互反复的使用贸易壁垒，那么将会导致贸易战争。

国际贸易业务操作的基本步骤

六、国际贸易业务操作的基本步骤

英文原文：Any international transaction should start with market research. An importer/exporter must acquire good knowledge of the foreign market to which his products are to be sold so that he can trade with the customers successfully.

注释：transaction: 交易，经济业务 start with: 以…开始 market research: 市场调研acquire good knowledge of…: 熟悉…（的知识）（acquire: 获得，得到）foreign: 国外的，对外的 successfully: 成功地

中文意思：任何一笔国际交易最初都要进行市场调研。进口商/出口商必须熟悉其产品销往的国外市场，这样才能够成功地与客户进行交易。

1、国际贸易的具体步骤：

1）Seeking customers 寻找客户（注释：seek: 寻找，寻求）

2）Contact each other by sending inquiries 联系查询（注释contact: 接触，联系；inquiry: 询问，询盘）

3）Status inquiry 情况查询（注释：Status: 情形，状态）

4）Quotations or offers; acceptance or non-acceptance 报价或发盘；接受或不接受报价或发盘（注释：quotation: 报价 offer: 发盘 acceptance: 接受）

5）Order; contract 发送订单；签订合同（注释：order: 订单；contract: 合同）

6）Obtaining import/export license; opening L/C / receiving L/C, if any 获得进口/出口许可证；开立信用证/接收信用证（注释：obtain: 获得，取得 L/C：信用证）

7）Preparation of goods by the seller 卖方备货（注释：preparation: 准备，预备）

8）Inspection or survey of goods 检查或检验货物（注释：inspection: 检查，检验；survey: 调查，测量）

9）Reserving shipping space either by the seller or buyer, depending on the trade terms. 依据贸易条款，由卖方或买方订舱。（注释：reserve shipping space: 订舱（位）；trade terms: 贸易条款）

10）Effecting insurance 办理保险（注释：effect: 作用，效果，在此为“办理”之意；insurance: 保险）

11）Customs clearance and loading 报关装货（注释：customs clearance: 报关，清关；loading: 装货）

12）Shipping advice 装船（发货）通知

13）Negotiation of export documents under L/C by the beneficiary 通过受益人议付信用证项下的出口单证。（注释：documents: 单据，单证；beneficiary: 受益人）

14）Redemption of documents under L/C 赎回信用证项下单证（赎单）（注释：redemption: 赎回，偿还，履行）

15）Customs clearance for import 进口报关

16）Delivery of goods 交货（注释：delivery: 交付，交递）

17）Lodging and Settling claims (if any) 提出索赔/理赔（注释：lodge: 提出 settle: 支付, 安排, 解决 claim: 要求，主张，索赔，索取）

七、常用短语、名词

International trade: 国际贸易 GDP (gross domestic product) 国民生产总值，国内生产总值

Industrialization 工业化Globalization 全球化Multinational corporation: 跨国公司

Factors of production 生产要素 Labor-intensive goods 劳动密集型产品

International finance 国际金融Exchange rate: 外汇汇率Transfer risk: 转让风险

Exchange controls: 外汇管制WTO (world trade organization): 世界贸易组织

Uruguay Round: 乌拉圭回合Multilateral trade: 多边贸易The International

Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织The World Bank 世界银行Outsourcing 外包

Trade barrier 贸易壁垒Import duties: 进口税Import/export license：进口/出口许可证

Import quota: 进口配额 Tariff: 关税 Non-tariff barrier: 非关税壁垒

Market research 市场调研 Offer: 发盘 Shipping space: 舱位Customs clearance: 报关，清关

Loading: 装货Shipping advice: 装运通知Redemption of documents: 赎单Delivery of goods 交货

2010年国际货运代理货代英语第二章讲义

一. 了解货运代理最初的职责

1-1 课文：Originally, a freight forwarder was a commission agent performing on behalf of the exporter/importer routine tasks such as loading/unloading of goods, storage of goods, arranging local transport, obtaining payment for his customer, etc…

这句话是比较长，一句一段，核心句子：.....a freight forwarder was a commission agent performing on behalf of the exporter/importer routine tasks....

注释：freight forwarder 货运代理人commission agent 委托代理人on behalf of 代表....

routine tasks 日常工作loading/unloading of goods 装载/卸载货物storage of goods 货物存放，货物存储

这句话大致意思是：最开始，货运代理是进出口商的委托代理人，替进出口商做一些常规事务，比如装载/卸载货物，货物的存储，安排地方运输….

1-2 课文：However, the expansion of international trade and the development of different modes of transport over the years that followed enlarged the scope of his services.

核心句子：....A and B enlarged the scope of his services.

A 是指：expansion of international trade 国际贸易的扩大

B 是指：development of different modes of transport 不同运输方式的发展

注释：

Over the years that followed 在随后的几年里;

international trade: 国际贸易

modes of transport: 运输方式

这句话大致意思是：在以后的几年里，国际贸易的扩大和不同运输方式的发展加大了货运代理的服务范围。

1-3 课文：Today, a freight forwarder plays an important role in international trade and transport.

注释：Play an important role : 扮演重要的角色(引申为：起着重要的作用)

International trade and transport 国际贸易和运输

这句话大致意思是：现在，货运代理人在国际贸易和运输中起着重要的作用。

1-4 课文：The services that a freight forwarder renders may often range from routine and basic tasks such as the booking of space or customs clearance to a comprehensive package of services covering the total transportation and distribution process.

核心句子：The services.... may often range from ....to....

注释：

render: 在这里的意思是“提供”，= offer, provide range : 在... 范围内变化，后面常跟 from ...to...

booking of space 订舱 a comprehensive package of services: 全面的一揽子服务

cover : 包括，涉及 = include transportation and distribution: 运输和分发

这句话大致意思是：货运代理提供的服务通常可能从日常基础的工作比如舱位的预定，清关等，到全面的一揽子服务包括整个货物的运输和分发派送过程。

二.重点掌握货运代理人分别代表发货人和收货人所要做的工作。

2-1 课文：Unless the consignor, the person sending goods, or the consignee, the person receiving the goods, wants to attend to any of the procedural and documentary formalities himself, it is usually the freight forwarder who undertakes on his behalf to process the movement of goods through the various stages involved.

核心句子：Unless the consignor or consignee wants to attend to...himself, it is the freight forwarder who undertakes to process the movement of goods...

注释：

consignor: 发货人consignee: 收货人attend to: 关注 = pay attention to

procedural and documentary formalities: 程序和单证上的手续

undertake to do sth. 承担去做某事，承诺做某事process: 在这里为动词，处理，处置

involve: 包含，含有，涉及movement: 移动，动向 ( 在这里引申为“运输”)

这句话大致意思是：如果发货人或者收货人不想亲自去办理那些繁琐的手续的话，货运代理人将代表他们去处理货物运输中所涉及的各个步骤。

2-2 课文：The freight forwarder may provide these services directly or through sub-contractors or other agencies employed by him.

核心句子：The freight forwarder provide these services...

这句话的大致意思是：货运代理人可以直接或者通过次承包商或者另外雇用代理来提供这些服务。

2-3 On Behalf of the Consignor ( Exporter ) 货运代理人代表发货人(出口商)所要做的工作(考试重点)

1.Choose the route, mode of transport and a suitable carrier. 挑选运输线路，运输方式和合适的承运人。

注释：mode of transport: 运输方式 ; carrier: 承运人

2.Book space with the selected carrier. 跟选定的承运人订舱。

3.Take delivery of the goods and issue relevant documents such as the Forwarders’ Certificate of Receipt, the Forwarders’ Certificate of Transport, etc. 接收货物，并签发货运代理人收货证明书和货运代理人运输证明书。

注释：Forwarders’ Certificate of Receipt 货运代理人收货证明书(是代理人收到货物的凭证);Forwarders’ Certificate of Transport 货运代理人运输证明书(是证明代理人具备运输能力的凭证); issue: 发行，发布(在这里译为“签发”)

4.Study the provisions of the letter of credit and all Government regulations applicable to the shipment of goods in the country of export, the country of import, as well as any transit country; he would also prepare all the necessary documents. 研究适用于货物出口国家和进口国家，以及中转国家运输的信用证条款和所有政府规定，并准备所有必须的单证文件。

注释：letter of credit : 信用证 applicable to ...: 适用于...; as well as: 也，又，以及;transit country: 中转国

5.Pack the goods, taking into account the route, the mode of transport, the nature of the goods and applicable regulations, if any, in the country of export, transit countries and country of destination.货物的包装，( 在货物包装时) 要考虑运输路线，运输的方式，货物的特性，如果有的话还要考虑出口国，中转国和目的地国家适用的规定。

注释：pack the goods 货物包装/打包; take into account: 考虑; the nature of the goods: 货物的特性; if any: 如果有的话。

6.Arrange warehousing of the goods, if necessary. 如果有必要的话，要安排货物的仓储

注释：warehousing of the goods: 货物的仓储;if necessary: 如果有必要的话

7.Weigh and measure the goods. 测定货物的重量和尺寸。

8.Draw the consignor’s attention to the need for insurance and arrange for the insurance of goods, if required by the consignor. 提醒发货人注意是否需要货物保险，如果发货人需要投保，则需安排货物的保险。

注释：draw one’s attention to...: 引起某人注意... ( 相当于“提醒某人注意...”);

9.Transport the goods to the port, arrange for customs clearance, related documentation formalities and deliver the goods to the carrier. 将货物运往港口，安排货物的清关，办理相关的单证上的手续并将货物交付给承运人。

注释：customs clearance: 海关清关;deliver the goods: 交付货物documentation: 文件，单证

10.Attend to foreign exchange transactions, if any. 关注外汇交易

注释：foreign exchange transaction: 外汇交易

11.Pay fees and other charges including freight. 支付手续费和其他包括运费在内的费用

注释：fee : (偏向于手续费方面的)费用; charge: (偏向于因服务而索取的)费用; freight: 运费。

12.Obtain the signed bills of lading from the carrier and arrange delivery to the consignor. 从承运人那里获得签发的提单并将提单转让给发货人

注释：bill of lading:提单

13. Arrange for transshipment en route if necessary. 如果有必要的话，安排货物在途中的转运。

注释：transshipment: 转运; en route: = on the way 途中的

14. Monitor the movement of goods all the way to the consignee through contacts with the carrier and the forwarders’ agents abroad. 通过联系承运人和海外的货运代理，监控货物的运输直至货物交付给收货人。

注释：all the way: 由始至终

15. Note damages or losses, if any, to the goods. 记录货物的货损货失

16. Assist the consignor in pursuing claims, if any, against the carrier for loss of the goods or for damage to them. 如果货物有损失，需要帮助发货人向承运人就货物的损失提出赔偿。

注释：assist sb. in doing sth.: 帮助某人做某事;pursue/make claim against sb. for sth.: 就...向某人提出赔偿。

2-4 On Behalf of the Consignee(Importer) 货运代理人代表收货人(进口商)所要做的工作(考试重点)

1.Monitor the movement of goods on behalf of the consignee when the consignee controls freight, that is, the cargo. 当收货人支付运费时，即由收货人负责货物运输，货运代理人应替收货人监控货物的运输。

注释：control freight: 支付运费

2. Receive and check all relevant documents relating to the movement of the goods. 接受并审查所有与货物运输有关的单证。

注释：relating to: 与...有关

3. Take delivery of the goods from the carrier and, if necessary, pay the freight costs. 从承运人手中接收货物，如需要还要支付的运费。

注释：take delivery of 接收，收到(与delivery词义相反); freight cost: 运费

4. Arrange customs clearance and pay duties, fees and other charges to the customs and other public authorities. 安排货物的清关，并向海关和政府当局支付关税，手续费及其他服务费用。

注释：duty: 税，税收; public authority: 政府当局

5. Arrange transit warehousing, if necessary. 如需要，安排中转仓库。

6. Deliver the cleared goods to the consignee. 将清关后的货物交付给收货人。

注释：cleared goods: 清关后的货物(根据前文 arrange customs clearance, 所以这里的意思是办理完清关手续的货物)

7. Assist the consignee, if necessary, in pursuing claims, if any, against the carrier for the loss of the goods or any damage to them. 如果有必要的话，帮助收货人向承运人就货物的丢失或者任何损害提出赔偿。

8. Assist the consignee, if necessary, in warehousing and distribution. 如果需要，帮助收货人安排货物存入仓库和分发。

三、历年考试题分析

1.The following services are performed by the forwarder on behalf of the exporter.

A. book space

B. pack the goods

C. export customs clearance

D. import customs clearance.(2004年多选题)

答案：ABC

分析：A.book space: 参考课文中货运代理人代表处出口商的第二个职责，book space with selected carrier; B.pack the goods: 参考课文中货运代理人代表出口商的第五个职责：Pack the goods, and take into account the route...; C. export customs clearance: 参考课文中货运代理人代表出口商的第九个职责：Transport the goods to port and arrange for customs clearance...; D. import customs. 这个是属于代表进口商的职责

2. When the forwarder pack the goods on behalf of exporter, he should consider the .(2004年多选题)

A. mode of transport

B. nature of the goods

C. quantity of the goods

D. quality of the goods

答案：AB

分析：参考课文中货运代理人代表出口商的第5个职责，C和D都不属于这个范围。

3. The scope of freight forwarder’s service on behalf of consignors includes . (2005年单选题)

A. booking space with consignee

B. paying the freight to the insurer

C. arranging import customs clearance

D. booking space with carrier

答案：D.

分析：A和B 课文中都未提到过。C. 是属于货运代理人代表进口商的职责。

D. booking space with carrier. 正确，参考课文货运代理人代表出口商的第2个职责。

4.The freight forwarder takes delivery of the goods from the carrier and issues the Forwarders’ Certificate of Receipt. ( ) ( 2005年判断题)

答案：错

分析：从课文中货运代理人代表出口商的第3个职责来看，take delivery of the goods and issue relevant documents such as ..., 结合上下文看，这里应该是从发货人/出口商那里接收到货物并签发货运代理人收货证明书，而不是carrier(承运人)。

5.Which of the following services are performed by the forwarder on behalf of the consignee . (2005年多选题)

A. Taking delivery of the goods from the carrier

B. Packing the goods for export

C. Arranging export customs clearance

D. Arranging import customs clearance

答案：A.D.

分析：B和C都是属于货运代理人代表出口商的职责。

课后练习：

一、不定向选择题(答案可能只有一个，或者多个)

1.A consignor refers to the person who goods.

A. receives

B. attends to

C. sends

D.takes delivery of

答案：C

2. It is usually the who issues relevant documents such as the Forwarders’ Certificate of Receipt, the Forwarders’ Certificate of Transport, etc.

A. consignor

B. consignee

C. freight forwarder

D. carrier

答案：C

3. Foreign exchange transactions, if any, are usually attended by the as well.

A. commission agent

B. exporter

C. importer

D. freight forwarder

答案：D

4. A freight forwarder originally was a(n) performing on behalf of the exporter/importer routine tasks.

A. importer

B. exporter

C. shipper

D. commission agent

答案：D

5. A freight forwarder shall take into account the route, the mode of transport and applicable regulations, if any, in the

A. country of export

B. country of destination

C. country of transshipment

D. transit countries

答案：ABD

6. A freight forwarder, on behalf of the exporter, is expected to

A. take delivery of the goods

B. pay the freight costs

C.arrange transit warehousing

D.arrange customs clearance

答案：ABCD

7.Which of the following services are performed by the forwarder on behalf of the import .

A. Monitor the movement of goods

B. check the relevant documents

C. Arrange import customs clearance

D. Weigh and measure the goods.

答案：ABC

8. If there is damage of goods during shipment, the freight forwarder will on behalf of exporter.

A. Note damages

B. Pay fees to insurer

C. Assist exporter in pursuing claims.

D. Arrange for the insurance of goods.

答案：AC

二、判断题

1.When freight forwarder pack the goods on behalf of exporter, should take into account the quality of goods. ( ) 答案：错

2.If necessary, the freight forwarder should pay the fees and other charges including freight for exporter. ( ) 答案：对

3. The freight forwarder will issue “Forwarders’ Certificate of Receipt” when he take delivery of the goods from exporter. ( )答案：对

4. The freight forwarder can not employ other agency to provide services both for exporter and importer. ( ) 答案：错

5. The freight forwarder would prepare all necessary documents for exporter if necessary. ( ) 答案：对

三、英汉互译：

1)transit country 2) trade terms 3) general cargo 4) special cargoes 5) the Forwarders’ Certificate of Receipt 6) the Forwarders’ Certificate of Transport 7) trade contract 8) relevant documents 9) take delivery of the goods 10) mode of transport

答案： 1)转口国 2)贸易条款 3)杂货 4)特殊贸易 5)货运代理收货证书 6)货运代理运输证 7)贸易合同 8)相关单据 9)提货 10)运输方式

1)货运代理人 2)外汇 3)信用证 4) 清关 5)委托代理人 6)转运国 7)货物的运输 8)舱位 9)提单 10) 国际贸易

答案：1) freight forwarder 2) foreign exchange 3) letter of credit 4) customs clearance 5) commission agent 6) country of transshipment 7) movements of goods 8) shipping space 9) bill of lading 10) International Trade

2010年国际货运代理货代英语第三章讲义

一、国际贸易术语解释通则的由来

1-1 课文：In order to provide a set of uniform rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms in foreign trade, ICC first published in 1936 a set of international rules for the interpretation of trade terms known as “Incoterms 2000”.

核心句：to provide a set of rules for the interpretation of trade terms in foreign trade, ICC published international rules...

注释：

In order to: 为了...

Commonly: 一般的，通常的，普遍的 = generally, usually

Interpretation : 解释，说明

Trade terms: 贸易术语 (另外：比如 trade practices 贸易惯例 trade contract 贸易合同等)

ICC:全称：International Chamber of Commerce.国际商会。

Incoterms: 全称：International Commercial Terms 国际贸易术语解释通则

Be known as: 统称为...，以...著称

这句话大致的意思是：为了给国际贸易中普遍使用的贸易术语提供一套解释的统一规则，国际商会与1936年发布了一套用于诠释这些贸易术语的国际规则，统称为“国际贸易术语解释通则2000”。

1-2 课文：Later amendments and additions were made to it to bring the rules in line with current international trade practices.

注释：

Later : 稍候，随后 (另外latest: 最近的，最新的)

Amendment: 修改，修正(尤指对规则，法律，声明等条款的修正，修订，修改)

Addition: 增加物(在这里是指添加的条款和内容)

In line with: 与...一致，与...相同 (相反的是：out of line with) Current: 现今的，当代的，时下的

Trade practices: 国际贸易惯例，国际贸易实践

这句话大致意思是：以后又对此通则作了修改和补充，以便使这些规则适应当前国际贸易实践的发展。

1-3 The latest edition is “Incoterms 2000”, which includes 13 different international trade terms. Each term specifies whether the buyer or the seller is responsible for arranging such necessities as export license, customs clearance, inspections, and other obligations.

注释：

Edition: ( 书籍，书刊等的)版本，版次。

Specify: 具体说明，详细说明，规定(名词：specification: 说明书)

Whether...or...: 是...还是...

Be responsible for: 负责...，承担...责任

Necessity: 必须，需要(在这里是指“必须要做的事”)

Export license: 出口许可证

Inspection: 检验 (商品检验：commodity inspection)

Obligation: 职责，义务

后一句话我们可以换成这样一句来理解：

Each term specifies the traders must bear each relevant responsibility and obligation.即贸易商必须承担(bear)各自相关的责任和义务。

这段话大致的意思是：最新的版本是“国际贸易术语解释通则2000”，它包含了13个不同的国际贸易术语。每一个贸易术语都明确规定由谁来办理出口许可证，出口清关，商品检验及其他义务。

1-4 They specify at which point the risk of loss and/or damage passes from seller to buyer as well as which party pays for specific activities.

注释：

They = 13 trade terms

Point: 在这里是一个抽象的概念，指“在空间或者时间真实的或想象当中的某一点”例如：at this point = at this moment / at this place (在此刻，在此地)

Risk: 风险

Activity: 活动，行为(复数形式尤指“所作的事务，待做的工作”)

这句话我们理解为：The 13 trade terms specify the transfer of risks(风险的转移)and pision of costs.(费用的划分)

这句话大致的意思是：这13个术语还明确了丢失及/或损坏的风险在哪一点由卖方转移到买方，以及哪方面承担相应的费用。

1-5 A buyer and a seller who conduct their purchase and sale under one of the Incoterms, therefore, will have a mutual understanding of their rights, costs, and obligations.

注释：

Conduct: 管理，经营，处理=manage, control

Purchase:购买 = buy

Mutual: 相互的，彼此的(have a mutual understanding: 对于...达到共识)

Therefore: 因此，为此

这句话的大致意思是：买方和卖方如果采用通则中的一个术语做贸易的话，就会清楚双方各自的权利、需支付的费用以及各自的义务。

二、六个主要的贸易术语(其中传统的贸易术语有三个：FOB,CFR,CIF;在传统基础上新发展的贸易术语有三个：FCA, CPT, CIP ) (考试重点) 2-1 传统的三个贸易术语

FOB – Free On Board (aa3824140b4e767f5acfce72d port of shipment) 船上交货(指定装运港)

定义：means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail at the named part of shipment. 指当货物在指定的装运港越过船舷,卖方即完成交货。

注释：pass: 越过，通过; ship’s rail: 船舷; named: 指定的

这个术语应注意以下几点：

1. The buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that point. 即买方在货物越过船舷之后承担所有的费用，风险和损失。

2. FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.即FOB条款要求由卖方办理货物的出口清关手续。

3. FOB term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.即FOB条款只适用于海运或者是内河运输。

注释：inland waterway transport: 内河运输

CFR - Cost and Freight (... named port of destination) 成本加运费(指定目的港)

定义：means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail in the port of shipment.指当货物在指定的装运港越过船舷，卖方即完成交货。

这个术语应注意以下几点：

1. The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. 即卖方必须支付货物运至目的港所需要的运费和费用。(与FOB的区别)

2. But the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer. 但是交货后货物灭失或损坏的风险，以及由于各种条件造成的任何额外费用，即由卖方转移到买方。(风险的划分与FOB不一样的。是在目的港船舷。)

注释：occur:(事件等)发生;events: 事件 transfer: 转移

3. CFR term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.即由卖方负责办理货物的出口清关手续。(同FOB)

4. CFR term can be used only for sea and inland waterway transport.即CFR只适用于海运和内陆水路运输(同FOB)

CIF-Cost, Insurance, and Freight (aa3824140b4e767f5acfce72d port of destination) 成本，保险费加运费(指定目的港)

定义:means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail in the port of shipment.即当货物在装运港越过船舷之后，卖方即完成交货义务。

这个术语我们应该注意以下几点：

1. The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. 即卖方必须支付货物运至目的港所需要的运费和费用。(同CFR)

2. But the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer. 但是交货后货物灭失或损坏的风险，以及由于各种条件造成的任何额外费用，即由卖方转移到买方。(风险的划分与CFR 是一样的)

3. However, in CIF the seller also has to procure insurance against the buyer’s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. Consequently the seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium.但是，在CIF条件下，卖方还需要办理买方货物在运输途中灭失或损坏风险的海运保险。因此，由卖方签订保险合同并且支付保险费用(不同于FOB和CFR,)

注释：procure: (尤指用心或者费力)获得，取得，在这里我们引申为“办理”;against: 反对，对于 carriage: 运费，运输(在这里指的是“运输”);consequently: 因此，所以; contract:在这里是动词的用法，意为：签约，订立合同(常与with 和for连用); insurance premium: 保险费

4. CIF term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. 即由卖方负责办理货物的出口清关手续。(同FOB和CFR)

2-2 在传统贸易术语基础上发展的三个贸易术语

FCA-Free Carrier (aa3824140b4e767f5acfce72d place) 货交承运人(指定地点)

定义：means that sellers delivers the goods, cleared for export, to the carrier nominated by the buyer at the named place.是指卖方只要将货物在指定的地点交给由买方制定的承运人，并办理出口清关手续，即完成交货。

注释：nominated: 指定的，指派的

这一术语应注意以下几点：

1. Seller should clear the goods for export.卖方负责办理出口清关手续。

2. The chosen place of delivery has an impact on the obligations of loading and unloading the goods at that place.交货地点的选择对于在该地点装货和卸货的义务会产生影响。

- If delivery occurs at the seller’s premises, the se ller is responsible for loading.如卖方在其所在地交货，则由卖方负责装货。

- If delivery occurs at any other place, the seller is not responsible for unloading.如卖方在任何其他地点交货，则卖方不负责卸货。

注释：impact: 常与on联用，对...施加影响;premise: 生产场所，经营场址(在这里引申为“所在地”之意)

3.FCA term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport, including multimodal transport.

FCA术语可用于各种运输方式，包括多式联运。

注释：irrespective: 常与of联用，意为：不论...的，任何的;multimodal transport:多式联运(multi-前缀,常表示“多种的”的意思)

4.If the buyer nominates a person other than a carrier to receive the goods, the seller is deemed to have fulfilled his obligation to deliver the goods when they are delivered to that person.若买方制定承运人以外的人领取货物，则当卖方将货物交给此人时，即视为已履行交货义务，(风险转移给买方)

注释：other than: 除了，不同于; be deemed to: 被视为; fulfill: 履行，完成。

CPT — Carriage Paid to (... named place of destination) 运费付至(指定目的地)

定义：means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by him but the seller must in addition pay the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named destination. 指卖方向其指定的承运人交货，但卖方还必须支付货物运至目的地的运费。

注释：in addition: 另外

这一贸易术语要注意以下几点：

1. The buyer bears all risks and any other costs occurring after the goods have been so delivered.

买方承担交货后的一切风险和其他费用。

2. CPT与CFR的区别

CPT has much in common with the term CFR. The major difference is that CFR can only be used for sea and inland waterway transport, while CPT can be used for any mode of transport including multi-modal transport. If the parties do not intend to deliver the goods across the ship’s rail, the CPT term is preferred.

CPT术语和CFR术语有很多相似之处。主要的区别在于CFR术语经用于海运和内陆和运输，而CPT术语可适用于任何运输方式，包括多式联运。如果双方不打算将货物越过船舷交货，应使用CPT术语。

注释：in common with: 和...一样; major: 主要的;difference: 区别，不同之处; party: (条约，会议的) 参与者，常用复数形式与the联用，表示“(合约)双方”。Intend to: 打算做...;

across: 穿过，越过= pass; prefer : 更喜欢...，更倾向于...(preferred: 首选的)

CIP —Carriage and Insurance Paid to (... named place of destination ) 运费加保险费付至(指定目的地)

定义：means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by him but the seller must in addition pay the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named destination.指卖方向其指定的承运人交货，但卖方必须支付货物运至目的地的运费。

这个术语应该注意以下几点：

1. The buyer bears all risks and any additional costs occurring after the goods have been so delivered.买方承担交货后的一切风险和费用。

2. The seller also has to procure insurance ag ainst the buyer’s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. Consequently, the seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium. 卖方必

须办理买方货物在运输途中灭失或损坏风险的保险。因此由卖方订立保险合同并支付保险费。

3. CIP may be used irrespective of the mode of transport including multi-modal transport. CIP术语可用于各种运输方式，包括多式联运。

2010年国际货运代理货代英语第四章讲义

一、装运时间的规定

1-1 课文：When buyer and seller discuss the terms of the contract, terms of shipment are compulsory.

注释：discuss: 讨论，协商 terms of contract: 合同条款 terms of shipment: 装运条款 compulsory: 必须的，强迫的

这句话的大致意思是：当买卖双方讨论合同条款是，装运条款是必不可少的。

1-2 课文：Terms of shipment include methods of transport, time of shipment, partial shipment and transshipment, port or place of loading and unloading, shipment documents, etc. Here only time of shipment will be discussed.

核心句：Terms of shipment include...

注释：methods of transport: 运输方式 time of shipment: 装运时间partial shipment: 分批装运 transshipment: 转船 shipment documents: 装运单据

在贸易合同中必须明确规定是否分批装运，是否转船，如果没有明确规定，则视为允许分批装运或者转船

这句话大致意思是：装运条款包括运输方式，装运时间，分批装运和转船的规定，装货和卸货的港口或者地方，装运单据，等等。这里需要协商的是装运的时间。

1-3课文: Time of shipment refers to the time limit for loading the goods on board the vessel at port of shipment (If shipment is made by sea.).

注释：limit: 规定，约束，限制on board the vessel: 装上船

这句话大致意思是：装船时间是指规定货物在装运港码头装上船的时间(海运条件下)

一、规定装运时间的几种方式及其说明(考试重点)：

2-1 合同中常用来规定装运时间的几种方式：

1. Shipment on or about June.20, 200

2. 于或约于2002年6月20日装运

2. Shipment not later than July 31st, 2002. Or, Latest shipment date: July 31st, 2002. 装运时间不迟于2002年7月31日，或者最迟装运期为：2002年7月31日

注释:no later than...: 不迟于...; latest: 最迟的

3. Shipment to be made during Jun/July, 2002. 在2002年6月/7月期间装船

4. Shipment within 15 days after receipt of remittance. 收到汇款后15日之内装船。

注释：receipt: 收到; remittance: 汇款

5. Shipment within 30 days after receipt of L/C. In order to prevent the buyer from opening the L/C late, the exporter should stipulate at the same time “ The relevant L/C must reach the seller not later than August 20, 2002” 在收到信用证后30天内装船。为了防止买方开立信用证时间过晚，出口商应该同时规定“相关信用证必须不迟于2002年8月20日到达卖方”

注释：L/C: Letter of credit 信用证prevent...from...: 防止...; stipulate: 规定; at the same time: 同时relevant: 相关的; reach:到达

2-2 条款的解释：

1. According to UCP 500, if the expression “ on or about ” or similar expressions are used, banks will interpret them as a stipulation that shipment is to be made during the period from five days before to five days after the specified date, both end days included. 如使用“于或约于”之类词语限定装运日期，银行将视为在所述日起前后各五天内装运，起讫日包括在内。

注释：UCP500: 《跟单信用证统一惯例》国际商会第500号出版物; expression: 说明，措词，表达方式，用词similar: 类似的; specified: 规定的，指定的

例如：如果信用证中规定装运期为“on or about July 20, 2002,” 那么这个货物应该是在7月15日到7月25日这期间发货，包括7月15日和7月25日在内。

2. The words “to”, “till”, “from” and words of similar expressions applying to any date or period in the credit referring to shipment will be understand to include the date mentioned. The word “after” will be understand to exclude the date mentioned. 诸如“止”、“至”、“直至”、“从”及类似意义的词语用于限定信用中有关装运的任何日期或期限时，应理解为包括所述日期。如“在...之后”应理解为不包括所述日期

注释：apply to: 适用于，用于mentioned: 提及的，所述的include:包括; exclude: 不包括

3. The terms “first half”, “second half” of a month shall be construed respectively as the 1st to the 15th, and the 16th to the last day of such month, all dates inclusive. “上半月”和“下半月”应分别理解为自每月“1日至15日”和“16日至月末最后一天”，包括起讫日。

注释：first half: 上半时second half: 下半时construe: 解释respectively: 分别的，相应的inclusive: 包含的

4. The terms “beginning”, “middle”, or “end” of a month shall be construed respectively as the 1st to the 10th, the 11th to the 20th, and the 21st to the last day of such month, all date s inclusive. “月初”、“月中”和“月末”应分别理解为每月1日至10日、11日至20日和21日至月末最后一天，包括起讫日期。

三、贸易双方在讨论装运时间时应注意的4点：(考试重点)

1.The exporter should consider whether he can get the goods ready before the shipment date and whether the ship is available if the goods are ready. 出口商应当考虑能否在装运日期前将货物备妥。如果货物能备妥，是否能配上载货的船只。

注释：consider: 考虑 get sth. ready: 把...准备好

2.The time of shipment should be stipulated in a clear and flexible way. 装运时间的规定应当清楚、灵活。

比如:

1)shipment on or about July 20 于或约于7月20日发货。(即灵活又清楚)

2)shipment on July 20. 这种规定，虽然很清楚，但是不灵活，如果卖方不能在7月20日发货，则构成违约(break contract)

3)Expression such as “ prompt”, “immediately”, “as soon as possible”, and the like should not be used. If they are used banks will disregard them. If these terms are used, disputes may occur because there is no uniform explanation of these terms. 不应该使用诸如“迅速”、“立即”、“尽快”之类的词语，如使用此词语，银行将不予置理。如果使用了这些词语，将会因为对这些词语没有统一的解释而出现争议

注释：clear: 在这里是“清楚，明白”之意; flexible: 灵活的，可塑造的;break contract: 违约;prompt: 迅速的，立刻的;immediately: 立即 as soon as possible: 尽快;disregard: 不予理睬，不管，漠视;terms: 在这里是“措词，用语”之意;dispute: 争执，争议，争论;occur: (事情的)发

生;explanation: 解释，说明

3.Sometimes, the L/C simply stipulates and expiry date without a shipment date, which means these two dates the same. 有时，信用证只规定一个有效期，而没有装运时间的规定，这意味着装运期和有效期为同一天。

比如：the L/C stipulates that the expiry date is July 31st without a shipment date, then the latest shipment date is also July 31st. 如信用证规定有效期为7月31日，而没有规定装运时间，那么，最迟的装运期也是7月31日。

In this case, the exporter should ship the goods much earlier than July 31st so that he can leave enough time for himself to get all the documents ready and present the documents to his bank within the validity of the L/C. If the exporter ships the goods on July 31st, it is very difficult for him to present the documents to the bank on the same day. 在这种情况下，出口商应早于7月31日装运以便能为自己留有足够的时间备齐所有的单据，并将这些单据在信用证规定的交单期内提交给银行。如果出口商在7月31日装运货物，则很难在同一天将单据交给银行。

注释：sometimes: 有时 expiry date: 有效期; the same: 一样; without: 没有，无; in this case: 在这种情况下(in that case: 如果是那样的

话;earlier: early的比较级，早的，更早的。(earlier than 早于...);leave: 留下; enough: 足够的;present: 提出，呈递(动词);validity: 有效(如：the term of validity: 有效期间)

4.The Expiry Date 有效期 ( 两种情况)

1) if the expiry date of the credit and/or the last day of the period of time for presentation of documents stipulated by the credit falls on a day on which the bank to which presentation has to be made is closed, the stipulated expiry date and/or the last day of the period of time after the date of shipment for presentation of documents, as the case many be, shall be extended to the first following day on which such bank is open. 如信用证的到期日及/或信用证固定的交单期限的最后一天适逢接受单据的银行不营业，则规定的到期日及/或装运日后一定期限内交单的最后一天顺延至该银行开业的第一个营业日。

核心句子：if the expiry date of credit and/or the last day of the period... falls on a day which the bank is closed, the expiry date and/or the last day of the period of time... shall be extended to...

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