高中英语 Unit 4 astronomy warming up reading导学案

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陕西省榆林育才中学高中英语 Unit 4 astronomy warming up

reading导学案

学习目标:

1. 运用skimming阅读技能,找出文章及每段的大意;

2. 运用scanning阅读技能,查找文章细节,获取有用信息,并完成探究问题;

3. 训练提高复述课文的能力;

4. 了解宇宙科学、地球生命的起源,了解万有引力、黑洞和太空旅行等天文知识,培养学生对科学的兴趣、激发学生探讨科学的热情。

话题激趣导入

行星、卫星和行星环

人类经过千百年的探索,到16世纪哥白尼建立日心说后才普遍认识到:地球是绕太阳公转的行星之一,而包括地球在内的九大行星则构成了一个围绕太阳旋转的行星系── 太阳系的主要成员。行星本身一般不发光,以表面反射太阳光而发亮。在主要由恒星组成的天空背景上,行星有明显的相对移动。离太阳最近的行星是水星,以下依次是金星、地球、火星、木星、土星、天王星、海王星和冥王星。从行星起源于不同形态的物质出发,可以把九大行星分为三类:类地行星(包括水、金、地、火)、巨行星(木、土)及远日行星(天王、海王、冥王)。行星环绕太阳的运动称为公转,行星公转的轨道具有共面性、同向性和近圆性三大特点。

在一些行星的周围,存在围绕行星运转的物质环,由大量小块物体(如岩石,冰块等)构成,因反射太阳光而发亮,称为行星环。20世纪70年代之前,人们一直以为唯独土星有光环,以后相继发现天王星和木星也有光环,这为研究太阳系起源和演化提供了新的信息。卫星是围绕行星运行的天体,月亮就是地球的卫星。卫星反射太阳光,但除了月球以外,其它卫星的反射光都非常微弱。卫星在大小和质量方面相差悬殊,它们的运动特性也很不一致。太阳系中,除了水星和金星以外,其它的行星各自都有数目不等的卫星。

在火星与木星之间分布着数十万颗大小不等、形状各异的小行星,沿着椭圆轨道绕太阳运行,这个区域称之为小行星带。此外,太阳系中还有数量众多的彗星,至于飘浮在行星际空间的流星体就更是无法计数了。

尽管太阳系内天体品种很多,但它们都无法和太阳相比。太阳是太阳系光和能量的源泉。也是太阳系中最庞大的天体,其半径差不多是地球半径的109倍,或者说是地月距离的1.8倍。太阳的质量比地球大33万倍,占到太阳系总质量的99.8%,是整个太阳系的质量中心,它以自己强大的引力将太阳系里的所有天体牢牢控制在其周围,使它们不离不散,井然有序地绕自己旋转。同时,太阳又作为一颗普通的恒星,带领它的成员,万古不息地绕银河系的中心运动。

预习案

1.What’s the meaning of the word “Astronomy”?

2.What words will you think of when we talk about this topic?

3.How many planets are in the solar system? Match them with their names.

水星 Venus

金星 Mercury

地球 Jupiter

火星 Saturn

木星 Earth

土星 Mars

天王星 Neptune

海王星 Uranus

Scientists now think Pluto(冥王星) is too small to be called a planet.

How to remember the order of the eight planets around the sun?

M y V ery E xcellent M other J ust S ent U s N ine Pizzas

探究案

I. Fast reading: The text mainly tells us the _____________ (形成) of the earth and the _________________ (发展)of life on it.

II.This text can mainly pided into two stages.

Stage 1 : The development of the earth ( Para. ___________ )

Stage 2 : The development of life ( Para. ___________ )

III. Match each paragraph with its main idea.

Para. 1 The importance of water for life.

Para. 2 The formation of the earth.

Para. 3 A widely theory about the origin of the universe.

Para. 4 The arrival of humans and their effect/influence on the earth. Para. 5 The development of planets and animals on the earth.

IV. Can you put the order of development of life into a time line?

( ) 1. Insects and amphibians appeared.

( ) 2. Dinosaurs appeared.

( ) 3. The earth became a solid ball.

( ) 4.Small plants grew on the water.

( ) 5. Reptiles appeared.

( ) 6. Plants began to grow on dry land.

( ) 7. The earth was a cloud of dust.

( ) 8. Water appeared on the earth.

( ) 9. Shellfish and other fish appeared.

( ) 10. The universe began with a “Big Band”.

( ) 11. Clever animals with hands and feet appeared.

( ) 12. Mammals appeared.

V. Summary

After the “Big Bang”, the earth was still just a cloud of _______, it _______loudly with fire and rock, which were _____ to produce the_________, water vapour and other gases. Then ________ began to appeared on the earth.

____________ in water are considered to be the earliest lives on the earth. The O2 they supplied encouraged the lives of______________. Slowly green plants grew on land, which were followed by __________ like insects & ________. When the plants grew into_________, __________ appeared. Then __________ developed but disappeared later, which made the rise of a totally different animal, __________, possible, and finally _____ spread all over the worl d.

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