高三语法复习（七）形容词和副词

语法复习(七)-----形容词和副词

一、形容词

1. 在名词前做定语，为最常见用法。请注意多个形容词（含其它起形容词作用的词）做前置定语的顺序。

\县官行令杀国才。\这一句就概述了形容词顺序问题。即：

限（冠词[物主代词、指示代词]数词等）观 （描绘） 形（大小、形状等） 龄 （年龄、新旧等）色（色彩）国（国籍、出处等）材（材料、功用等） a heavy black Chinese silk umbrella an interesting English film the man’s first two interesting little red French oil paintings a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella 2.形容词后置

（1）一些表语形容词如afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等作定语，常置于被修饰词的后面。如 He is the most famous scientist alive in the world today.

有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad”。

(2) 形容词在修饰someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, nobody, nothing 等不定代词时，需要置于其后。 I have something important to tell you. (3) else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。

Who else will go there? I have something else to do this evening.

3 .以ly结尾的形容词有: friendly, deadly, lovely, lonely, likely, lively, ugly, brotherly, manly,等 4.有些以ly结尾的既为形容词,也为副词: daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, early等.

5.某些形容词加上定冠词泛指一类人, 谓语用复数.如:the dead, the living, the rich, the poor, the blind, the hungry等.

6.有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,谓语用复数. 如: the British, the English, the French, the Chinese等

7.作表语。一定要注意系动词的出现情况。这是一个高考热点问题。 常见系动词有：be

变化系动词： become, get ,turn, grow, go 保持系动词： keep ,remain, stay

感观系动词： look, smell , taste, feel, sound, appear , seem ,prove etc. 8.形容词作状语，表状况、原因、结果等。这也是应注意的一点。 He went to bed , cold and hungry. 9.“数词＋名词”构成的形容词

（1）数词＋名词，如 a two-week tour, a ten-page report等。 （2）数词＋名词＋形容词，如 a seven-year-old boy等。

（3）名词（无冠词）＋基数词=the＋序数词＋名词，如 Unit 6=the Sixth Unit

二、副词

1. 形容词变副词的规则

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词形类别 规则 例词 单音节y 结尾的词 直接加ly shy—shyly, gay--- gaily 多音节y 结尾的词 将 y改为i 后加ly easy—easily, heavy—heavily 以ue结尾的词 去e 加ly true—truly 以le 结尾的词 去e 加y gentle—gently, terrible--terribly 其他以e 结尾的词 一律加ly nice—nicely, wise—wisely 以 ll结尾的词 只加y full—fully 以ic 结尾的词 加ally energetic—energetically 其他形容词 均加ly careful--carefully 2. 几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。如： We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday. 3. 表频率的时间副词是高考的热点

always, seldom, often, never, rarely, usually 等，通常放于行为动词之前，be动词、情态动词和助动词之后。 He is always telling lies, so I will never believe him. 4. 程度副词一般放在被修饰词之前（但 enough除外） He is very young ,so he is not old enough to go to school. 5. 表原意（无-ly）和引申意(有-ly)的副词：

deep深 wide宽广 high高 low位置低 deeply深入地 widely广泛地 highly高度地 lowly地位卑微 close近Don’t sit close. closely密切地Watch closely! late晚、迟arrive late, come late

lately最近I haven’t seen him lately(recently). 三、形容词和副词的比较等级 1.原级的构成和用法。

用“as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as) + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数 + as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”有时也可用 “倍数+the +名词+ of 这些名词常常是: length, size, weight, width, height, age, number 等.如：

Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.

This building looks not so (as)high as that one. Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you . This room is three times as large as that one. =This room is three times the size of that one. 2.比较级的用法。

①对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 + than”的结构表示。如： This picture is more beautiful than that one.

②表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示。如： This room is less beautiful than that one.

3.可修饰比较级的词有even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by far等修饰。

He works even harder than before.

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4. 可修饰最高级的词有:

by far, far, much, mostly, almost 和序数词

5. 当后有选择范围时,强调两者中的更--- 且后有名词时则可在比较级前加冠词.

Which is larger, Canada or Australia?

Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is the taller of the two sisters. She is taller than her two sisters. 6. many, old, far

(1) 有: many more + 可数名词 : people, books, problems…

much more + 不可数名词 : money, water, wood…

(2 ) old 的比较级和最高级 elder / eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系

elder sister, eldest brother

(3) far 的两种: farther / further 都可表距离, 但常用further 来表示进一步.

I can’t go farther/ further.

Could you explain it further. further education

7. 形容词most前面没有the 不表示最高级而是表示”非常”相当于very

It is a most important problem.

8. “否定词+比较级” 或”否定词+ so---as” 结构表示最高级含义

Nothing is so easy as this. = Nothing is easier than this. = This is the easiest thing. 9. so … that … 与such … that … 的区别。

so + 形容词 / 副词 + that …

so + 形容词 + a（n）+ 单数可数名词 + that … so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that … such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that … such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that … such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that …

10. the +比较级 --- the+比较级--- 越… 越… The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 12.某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于??）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在??之前）等。

He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.

13.表示\最高程度\的形容词如excellent , extreme , perfect等，没有最高级,也不能用比较级。 14. very，much和very much.的区别

very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级；much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级；修饰动词要用very much.

例如，John is very honest.约翰非常诚实。

I like you very much.非常感谢你

This garden is much bigger than that one.这个花园比那个大的多。

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基础练习

1. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _______ to carry all the way home.

A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much 2. It is believed that if a book is _______, it will surely _______ the reader. A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest

3. The house rent is expensive. I’ve got about half the space I had at home I’m paying ____ here. A. as three times much B. as much three times C. much as three times D. three times as much 4. Broadly speaking, I would agree with Shirley, though not _______.

A. widely B. thoroughly C. entirely D. extensively

5. Those who change mobile phones frequently will pay a heavy price for being _________. A. graceful B. fashionable C. particular D. feasible 6. Mary kept weighing herself to see how much _______ she was getting.

A. heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviest 7. When we plan our vacation, mother often offers _______ suggestions.

A. careful B. practical C. effective D. acceptable 8. He speaks English well indeed, but of course not _______ a native speaker.

A. as fluent as B. more fluent than C. so fluently as D. much fluently than 9. In _______ Chinese culture, marriage decisions were often made by parents for their children. A. traditional B. historic C. remote D. initial

10. Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn’t always ______ much to do. A. such B. that C. more D. very 11. This _______ girl is Linda’s cousin.

A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish 12. John is the tallest boy in the class, ________ according to himself.

A. five feet eight as tall as B. as tall as five feet eight C. as five feet eight tall as D. as tall five feet eight as 13. ---- Is your headache getting ________ ? ---- No, it’s worse.

A. better B. bad C. less D. well 14. At a rough estimate, Nigeria is _______ Great Britain.

A. three times the size as B. the size three times of C. three times as the size of D. three times the size of 15.（全国I卷）28. You’re driving too fast. Can you drive ______? A. more slowly a bit B. slowly a bit more C. a bit more slowly D. slowly more a bit 16. --- Why didn’t you buy the camera you had longed for? --- I had planned to, but I was $50 ________.

A. fewer B. less C. cheap D. short 17. The more I think about him, the more reasons I find for loving him ______ I did. A. as much as B. as long as C. as soon as D. as far as 18. Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, and I have not seen _______ this year. A. the best B. better C. the most D. more 19.（湖北卷）29. As he works in a remote area, he visits his parents only ______. A. occasionally B. anxiously C. practically D. urgently 20. ---- Have you been to New Zealand? ---- No, I’d like to, ________.

A. too B. though C. yet D. either

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21. Of the two sisters, Betty is _______ one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet. A. a younger B. a youngest C. the younger D. the youngest 22. Tom sounds very much _______ in the job, but I’m not sure whether he can manage it. A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D. interestedly

23. Green products are becoming more and more popular because they are environmentally____. A. friendly B. various C. common D. changeable

24. Although she did not know Boston well, she made her way ___ to the Home Circle Building. A. easy enough B. enough easy C. easily enough D. enough easily 25. The committee is discussing the problem right now. It will _______ have been solved by the end of next week.

A. eagerly B. hopefully C. immediately D. gradually 26. I wish you’d do ________ talking and some more work. Thus things will become better. A. a bit less B. any less C. much more D. a little more 27. ______ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.

A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising 28. A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics, which _______ will promote its economic development.

A. in nature B. in return C. in turn D. in fact 29. ---- Did you enjoy yourself at the party?

---- Yes. I’ve never been to ________ one before.

A. a more excited B. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the most exciting 30. The hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings; ______, it caused 20 deaths. A. or else B. therefore C. after all D. besides 31. Attention, coffee lovers! We have for you, the best coffee machine _______ invented. A. ever B. already C. even D. nowadays 32. I don’t think this film is by far the most boring. I have seen _______.

A. better B. worse C. the best D. the worst

33. I hear _______ boys in your school like playing football in their spare time, though others prefer basketball.

A. quite a lot B. quite a few C. quite a bit D. quite a little 34. I used to earn ______ than a pound a week when I first started work.

A. less B. fewer C. a few D. a little 35. Fitness is important in sport, but of at least ______ importance are skills.

A. fair B. reasonable B. equal D. proper

36. Letterboxes are much more ______ in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead.

A. common B. normal C. ordinary D. usual 37. We always keep ________ spare paper, in case we run out.

A. too much B. a number of C. plenty of D. a good many

38. (2008上海卷)27. In my view, London's not as expensive in price as Tokyo but Tokyo is ___ in traffic.

A. the most organized B. more organized C. so organized as D. as organized as 39. (2008四川卷)15. A cough is usually nothing to worry about unless it lasts for ten days ___. A. or more B. instead C. at most D. only 40. You can see the stars on a clear night, but in the daytime they are _______.

A. unavoidable B. invisible C. inaccessible D. unavailable

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41. I hope I will not be called on in class as I’m not yet _______ prepared.

A. attentively B. readily C. actively D. adequately

42. This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses _______ water and electricity than ________ models.

A. less; older B. less; elder C. fewer; older D. fewer; elder

43. The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here_______. A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. the earliest 44. Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his ______ one. A. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known 45. After two years’ research, we now have a _______ better understanding of the disease. A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite

46. Work gets done _______ when people do it together, and the rewards are higher too. A. easily B. very easy C. more easily D. easier 47. ---- Do you need any help, Lucy?

---- Yes. The job is _______ I could do myself.

A. less than B. more than C. no more than D. not more than

48. The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted _______ if it had been put in the fridge for a little while.

A. good B. better C. best D. well

49. Though he started late, Mr. Guo played the piano as well as, if ______, Miss Liu. A. not better than B. not better C. no better than D. no better

50. It’s hard for him playing against me. I’ve got nothing to play for, but for him, he needs to win so ______.

A. far B. well C. little D. badly 51. A new _______ bus service to Tianjin Airport started to operate two mouths ago. A. normal B. usual C. regular D. common 52. The final score of the basketball match was 93-94. we were only ______ beaten. A. nearly B. slightly C. narrowly D. lightly 53. Of the two coats, I’d choose the ________ one to spare some money for a book.

A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive 54. Would it be___ for you to pick me up at four o'clock and take me to the airport?（08山东） A. free B. vacant C. handy D. convenient

55. Last night Mr. Crook didn’t come back at the usual time. ___ , he met some friends and stayed out until midnight. (2008湖南卷)

A. Meanwhile B. However C. Instead D. Yet

56. After the long journey, the three of them went back home, ______.（2008北京卷）

A. hungry and tiredly B. hungry and tired C. hungrily and tiredly D. hungrily and tired 57. --- It shouldn’t take long to clear up after the party if we all volunteer to help. --- That’s right. _____________.（2008江苏卷） A. Many hands make light work B. Something is better than nothing C. The more the merrier D. The sooner begin, the sooner done 58. Although badly hurt in the accident, the driver was _____ able to make a phone call. A. still B. even C. also D. ever （2008四川卷）

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完形填空(06全国I)

On a hot summer day in late August, I sought shade and a cool drink at a waterfront café on a Greek island. Over a hundred degrees in ___1____ air. Crowded. Tempers(脾气) of both the tourists and waiters had ___2___ to meet the situation, making it a rather quarrelsome environment(环境).

At the table next to mine sat an attractive, ____3___ couple, waiting for ___4____ . They held hands, whispered, kissed, and laughed. Suddenly they stood, picked up their ____5___ and stepped together ___6____ the edge of where they were sitting to place the table in the sea water. The man stepped ____7___ for the two chairs. He politely ____8___ his lady in the knee-deep water and then sat down himself. All people around laughed and cheered.

____9__ appeared. He paused for just a second, walked into the water to ___10____ the table and take their __11_____, and then walked back to the ____12____ cheers of the rest of his __13_____. Minutes later he returned carrying a bottle of wine and two glasses. Without pausing, he went ___14____ into the water to __15_____ the wine. The couple toasted (祝酒) each other, the waiter and the crowd. And the crowd ___16____ by cheering and throwing flowers to them. Three other tables ___17____ to have lunch in the water. The place was now filled with laughter.

One doesn’t step into water in one’s best summer clothes. Why not? Customers are not served __18_____. Why not?

Sometimes one should consider ___19_____ the line of convention(常规) and enjoy ____20____ to the fullest.

1. A. fresh B. cool C. still D. thin 2. A. managed B. expected C. attempted D. risen

3. A. lonely B. curious C. well-dressed D. bad-tempered 4. A. cheers B. service C. attention D. flowers 5. A. metal table B. empty bottle C. chairs D. bags 6. A. on B. off C. around D. along 7. A. outside B. forward C. down D. back 8. A. led B. seated C. watched D. received 9. A. The manager B. A friend C. A waiter D. The servant 10. A. set B. wash C. remove D. check 11. A. menu B. bill C. food D. order 12. A. loud B. anxious C. familiar D. final 13. A. tourists B. customers C. fellows D. assistants 14. A. at last B. in time C. once more D. as well 15. A. change B. drink C. sell D. serve

16. A. replied B. insisted C. agreed D. understood 17. A. prepared B. joined in C. settled up D. continued 18. A. with pleasure B. in the café C. in the sea D. with wine 19. A. following B. keeping C. limiting D. crossing 20. A. life B. wine C. lunch D. time]

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阅读理解

Attitude is an internal（内在的）state that influences the choices of personal action made by the individual（个人）. Some researchers consider that attitudes come from differences between beliefs and ideas; others believe that attitudes come from emotional states. Here, we focus on the effects of attitudes upon behavior, that is, upon the choices of action made by the individual.

The kinds of actions taken by human beings are obviously influenced greatly by attitudes. Whether one listens to classical music or rock, whether one obeys the speed limit while driving, whether one encourages one’s husband or wife to express his or her own ideas－all are influenced by attitudes. These internal states are acquired（获得） throughout life from situations one is faced with in the home, in the streets, and in the school.

Of course, the course of action chosen by an individual in any situation will be largely determined by the particulars of that situation. An individual who has a strong attitude of obeying laws may drive too fast when he is in a hurry and no police cars in sight. A child who has a strong attitude of honesty may steal a penny when she thinks no one will notice, But the internal state which remains unchanged over a period of time, and which makes the individual behave regularly in a variety of situations, is what is meant by an attitude.

Attitudes are learned in a variety of ways. They can result from single incidents, as when an attitude toward snakes is acquired by an experience in childhood at the sudden movement of a snake. They can result from the individual’s experiences of success and pleasure, as when someone acquires a positive attitude toward doing crossword puzzles by being able to complete some of them, And frequently, they are learned by copying other people’s behavior, as when a child learns how to behave toward foreigners by observing the actions of his parents. Regardless of these differences, there is something in common in the learning and modification（修正）of attitudes.

56. The word “state”(in Line 1) has the similar meaning to___________. A. a mental or emotional condition.

B. a condition of being in a stage or form. C. social position or rank.

D. a specific mode of government.

57. According to the passage, attitudes __________. A. come from different situations in one’s life B. are largely affected by one’s behavior C. remain unchanged in one’s daily life D. could be chosen according to one’s will

58. The author uses the examples in Paragraph 3 to show A. people often make mistakes when they are not noticed B. people with good attitudes may sometimes do bad deeds C. particulars of a situation may influence an individual’s action D. an individual may change his or her attitude fairly easily

59. Which of the following is TRUE about the learning of attitudes? A. Attitudes are only learned through one’s success. B. Attitudes learned in danger will last longer. C. Copying others behavior is not a good idea. D. Attitudes can be learned from one’s parents. 60. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Differences of Attitudes. B. Nature of Attitude.

C. Choices of Attitudes. D. Modification of Attitude.

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Keys:

1—5; ADDCB 6—10; ABCAB 11—15; ABADC 16—20; DABAB 21—25; CAACB 26—30; ABCCD 31—35; ABBAC 36-40; ACBAB 41—45; DABCB 46—50; CBBAD 51—55; CCBDC 56—58; BAA 完形填空：

1—5; CDCBA 6—10; BDBCA 11—15; DABCD 16—20. ABCDA 阅读理解： AACDB

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