《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料

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《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料

Lesson One China in the Market Place 一、术语：

manufactured goods 制成品 capital equipment 资本货物 balance of payments 国际收支 current account 经常项目

visible trade account 有形贸易项目 invisible trade account 无形贸易项目 trade surplus 贸易顺差 trade deficit 贸易逆差 barter 易货贸易

compensation trade 补偿贸易 counter-trade 反向贸易

assembly manufacturing 组装生产

industrial and commercial consolidated tax 工商统一税 joint venture 合资企业 deferred payment 延期付款 buyer credit 买方信贷 supplier credit 卖方信贷

soft loan 软贷款 （低息贷款）

MFN treatment: Most Favored Nation treatment 最惠国待遇

PNTR: Permanent Normal Trading Relations 永久性正常贸易关系 NI: National Income 国民收入

GNP: Gross National Product 国民生产总值 GDP: Gross Domestic Product 国内生产总值

IBRD: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 国际复兴和开发银行

IDA: International Development Association 国际开发协会 IFC: International Finance Corporation 国际金融公司

OECD: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作和发展组织

BIS: Bank for International Settlement 国际清算银行 EEC: European Economic Community 欧洲经济共同体 EU: European Union 欧洲联盟

FDI: Foreign Direct Investment 外商直接投资 二、词语释义：

exacerbate: deteriorate 恶化 disrupt: interrupt 中断

in the wake of: following 继┉之后

breakdown: analysis by classification 分类分析 buoyant: brisk 上扬的，增产的 run-down: reduction

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mount exhibitions: hold exhibitions insofar as: to the extent 在┉范围之内

bottlenecks: obstacles; problems that retard or halt free movement or progress 三、句子翻译：

Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy has caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978, placing undue strain on the national economy.

官方认为，外国技术可在中国经济现代化中起重要作用，这导致了1978年中国的进口增加了50%以上，从而给国民经济带来了重压。

The debt problems confronting a number of developing countries have reinforced China\introduce foreign technology by means of direct investment and concessionary finance rather than by raising substantial sums of money on the international capital markets. … The authorities do not consider it appropriate to incur large amounts of external debt until a number of practical bottlenecks in the economy, such as an inadequate transport network and energy constraints 许多发展中国家面临的债务问题使中国加强了这样的决心：通过外国直接投资和优惠付款方式引进国外技术，而不是利用在国际资本市场上筹集大笔资金的方式。??在经济中的许多实际障碍―如运输能力不足和能源缺乏―被克服之前，中国政府认为招来大笔外债的做法是不妥当的。

《外刊经贸知识选读》的串讲资料（二）！！！

Lesson two The Curtain Goes up

一、术语：

The special Economic Zone 经济特区

a well-placed source 一位高层消息灵通人士 infrastructure 基础设施 capital stock 实际资本 consumer goods 消费品

preferential tax rate 优惠税率

cooperative enterprise 合作（经营）企业

ETDZ （ Economic &Technical Development Zone ）经济技术开发区 entrepreneurship 企业家精神 means of production 生产资料 stock-taking 评估 二、词语释义：

in piecemeal form: piece by piece; gradually 逐渐的 showpiece: a prime or outstanding example 典范

pipedream: fantasy; daydream; dream that cannot be realized 白日梦 from scratch: from the very beginning 从零开始，从最初开始 grassroots: basic level 基层

the dust settles: the confusion ends 尘埃落定 in the driver\

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三、句子翻译：

In the SEZs, which are being built almost from scratch, foreigners can invest in anything which the state deems useful for the country, be it, for example, production of goods for export or construction of private-housing estates.

在一切几乎从零开始的经济特区，只要中国政府认为对国家有益，外国人可对任何项目进行投资，例如出口货物的生产或私人住宅的房地产开发。

So, while comprehensive framework for the country\modernization has been provided by the central committee\21 October 1984 decision to reform the economic structure, it will be some time before the dust settles and local authorities and foreign investors can deal with one another in a systematic way.

因此，虽然中央委员会1984年10月21日的改革经济结构的决定为该国的现代化提供了一个综合的框架，但要等尘埃落定、要等地方政府与外国投资者能有条不紊的打交道却还需要一段时间。

Lesson Three Beijing Rising 一、术语：

economic heavyweight 举足轻重的经济强国 commercial hub 商业活动中心 Per capita 人均

Gross National Product 国民生产总值 punitive import tariff 惩罚性进口关税 securities 有价证券

real estate market 房地产市场

“ Greater China”trade bloc “大中华”贸易集团 conglomerate 跨行业公司 consortium 国际财团 二、词语释义： jockey: move

is bustling with: is filled with giddy: dizzy; euphoric

farfetched: improbable; incredible clear: earn a net profit

deal a hard blow to: strike heavily rung: level

retaliation: return of ill treatment for ill treatment; revenge; reprisal career out of control: run out of control 三、句子翻译：

With the U.S. Congress due to consider the renewal of China\most-favored nation trade status in June, officials in Beijing fear the trade imbalance could surpass human rights as a source of U.S. opposition to preferred status for China. Beijing has cut this year\growth target from 10 to 8.5 per cent, in an effort to keep the economy from

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careering out of control just as it was cut back in 1989 and 1990 when it overheated. Lesson four The Economic Scene: A Global Perspective 一、术语：

centrally-planned economy 中央计划经济

market economy 市场经济

disinflationary (anti-inflationary) policies 反通货膨胀政策

deflation 通货紧缩

short-term dollar interest rates 短期美元利率

commodity market 商品市场

nominal (dollar) terms 名义（美元）价

constant (dollar) terms 不变（美元）价 business cycle 商业周期

weighted average 加权平均数 hard currencies 硬通货

fiscal adjustment 财政调整

portfolio investment 有价证券投资

market diversification 市场多元化 tight credit policy 紧缩的信贷政策

exchange-rate devaluation 汇率贬值

accommodative monetary policy 融通性货币政策

yield curve 收益曲线

per capita GDP 人均国内生产总值

GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关贸总协定 EMS: European Monetary System 欧洲货币体系

GDP deflator 消除国内生产总值通货膨胀因素指数（ GDP 平减指数） CMEA (Comecon): Council for Mutual Economic Assistance 经互会

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LIBOR: London Inter-Bank Offered Rate 伦敦同业银行优惠利率 二、词语释义：

in a row: in succession

easing: slowing down; decrease momentum: force of movement

underlying: being at the basis of slackening: slowing of speed

compound: worsen

moderate inflation: ease inflation

robust: strong and healthy setbacks: frustrations

slump: depression

edge down: move slowly down

depreciation: devaluation spike: abrupt increase

pick-up: recovery rein in: control

bottoming-out: reaching the lowest point before rising again （ 止跌回升） 三、句子翻译：

Although the weakness in demand in the United States led to a sharp decline in short-term dollar interest rates—a positive development for many developing countries—it also contributed to a drop of over 6 percent in nonoil commodity prices and to a slackening, to 3 percent, in the growth of world trade. Increasingly buoyant intraregional trade in East Asia may be viewed as evidence of an ongoing process of “market-oriented” regional integration, a development that could partially offset lackluster progress in the area of multilateral trade agreements. Lesson Five U.S. is Prepared to See Trade Relations Worsen

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