谢孟媛初级语法笔记32-60

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现在完成时中表示持续的副词-谢孟媛初级文法视频(英语语法初级)第32课

现在完成时中表示持续的副词

1. for +时间长度 过去时间

2. since +时间起点 过去时子句

例如1. 我们彼此认识10年了。

for ten years We have known each other ten years ago P.P Since

we were children. 我们从小孩子时就认识了。

Since前是现在完成时,since 后是过去时。

例如2. 好久不见了。

I haven't seen you for long time .

It was been a long time since I last saw you . Long time no see you .

其他副词 all day全天, always一直 ,recently最近 this week这星期

例如1. I have had a headache all day(long )我头痛了一天。 助动词 have的P.P Have a 病的内容---生病

Be V+S

回答 Yes/ no 疑问句 助动词

Be V+S

直接回答 W.H 疑问句----------W.H+ 助动词

例如2. How long 多久

他弹琴弹了多久了,两个小时了。

How long has he played the piano? For two hours . How long 多久----时间 比较

How often 多久一次 次数,频率

例如1. How long have you lived in Taipei? 你住在台北多久了。

We have lived in taipei for 10 years / since 1994 我们已经住了10年了。 或 从1994年我们就住在台北。

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例如2. How often do you go to a beauty parlor 。你多久去一次美容院? 美容院

回答 Once a week 一个星期一次。

3. 完成

过去时 现在时 将来时 已经

动作的起点 持续到现在的结果 刚才 完成 尚未

现在完成时 强调的是后面的结果。

常与现在完成时连用的时间状语-:谢孟媛初级文法视频(英语语法初级)第33课

1. Already (已经)---have /has already P.P 句尾

Already用在疑问中有表示惊讶的意思。 2.. just(刚才)-------have / has just P.P Haven't 3. yet(尚未)

一般用在 hasn't yet + P.P 否定句

疑问句中 句尾

4. 其他副词 today this morning lately(最近) recently (最近) now 例如1. 往高雄的火车已经到了。

The train for kaoxiong has already arrived

例如2. 我刚刚读过那本漫画书。

I have just read comic book.。

例如3. 你找到我的数码相机吗 ?

Have you found my digital camera yet ? No, I haven't found it yet No, not yet 省略回答

比较: just (刚才)------现在时,过去时。 Just now -----过去时 刚才 现在时 此刻现在 未来时 马上

例如1.Tom came jsut now, he's probably upstairs。他刚才进来了,或许他在楼上。

例如2.he is just now answering the call。 他现在正在接电话

例如3.I'll do it jsut now 。我马上就要做。

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3.经验

1. every, never, often 2. once, twice . before

例如1. 你曾参观过故宫吗?不,以前从来没有过。 Have you ever visited national palace museum? NO,I have never visited there before No, never have . No never.

或 Did you ever visit national palace museum? No. I never visited there before No, never did.

例如2. 我的妹妹真的很喜欢那部电影,她已经看了5次。

My young sister really likes that movie ,she has watched it five times.

例如3 你空闲时回去参观故宫吗?

Do you ever visite National palace museum in your free time .

特别注意的现在完成时-谢孟媛初级文法视频(英语语法初级)第34课

1现在完成时及过去时

例如1. Mr Green has gone toNew York on business.他已经去纽约出差了。(现在完成时) 动作的完成

2.Mr Green went to New York on business 他去纽约出差过 (过去时)

2 Have been to 及 Have gone to

Have been to -------曾经去过(某处)刚才去了(某处)

Have gone to -------已经去了(某处)只用第三人称。

例如1.我刚才去了车站替她送行(see off) I have just been to the station to see her off

例如2.你曾经去过图书馆吗? Libraria 图书馆的管理员。 Have you ever been to library ?

例如3. she has gone to Europe . 她已经去欧洲了。

例如4

Did you ever go to a basketball game ? 你曾经去看过篮球比赛吗?(过去时)

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例如5.

Have you ever been to a basketball game ? 你曾经去看过篮球比赛吗?现在完成时)

3瞬间动作用现在完成时 其后不课加一段时间。 Died 动词不能持续 pass away 死亡 例如1. 他父亲过逝十年了。 死 Dead形容词可持续

His father has died for ten years 这句话是不对的。×

His father died ten years ago . 过去式

His father has been dead for ten years 完成时持续的状态。

例如2. Amy已经买车了.

Amy has bought the car for one year. 这句话是不对的。×

Amy has bought the car already.

或Amy bought the car ans has owned for one year. Amy买车已经有一年了。

例如3. 王先生去美国了

Mr wang has gone to America for three days .这句话是不对的。×

Mr wang has gone to America.

Mr wang has been in America for three days

练习现在完成时

1. this monthe I have been so lucky that I can hardlybeilever it .

这个月我幸运的连我自己都不敢相信。 2. at the begainning of the month. I got 90 points on my monthly exam. 这个月一开始我的月考就得了90分。

3. in the middle of the month.I won the second place in an English speech contact. 在月中我在英文讲演比赛中得了第2 名。

4. the otherday . my father gave me computer as a birthdaty present. 前几天我爸爸给我一台电脑当做生日礼物。 5. I have never been so lucky so far in my life

我这辈子都没有这样如此的幸运。So far到目前为止。

附加问句句的用法及注意事项-谢孟媛初级文法视频(英语语法初级)第35课

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Unit2 附加问句 1附加问句句尾上升调表示询问事物。

例如 You are from Japan aren't you ?= Are you from Japan? Yes ,I am. No, I am not.

2附加问句句尾下降。寻求对方认同。

例如 You should follow traffic rules .Shouldn't you 你应该遵守交通规则。 对吧。

附加句的形成 beV +S ,aux + S

1. 肯定直述句,否定附加问句/ 否定直述句,肯定附加问句

2. 注意be V 或aux(助动词)的使用否定时beV aux 和not 的缩写。

直述句 附加问句

Be 动词be动词

一般动词助动词do, does ,did ,

助动词will, can , should 助动词 will. Can , should

3. 附加问句的主词必须用人称代名词。

直述句的主词 附加问句的主词

Tom ,John , mark He Mary Helen ,Amy She Tom and Mary They

This , That , bady Child to V VingIt.

例如1. It's cold and humid. Isn't it ? 今天又冷又潮湿。是不是呢?

2. Dad was good at sparts wasn\爸爸以前运动很行,是吗?

3. Tarzan fell in love with a beautiful girl. didn't he? Tarzan 以前爱上过一位漂亮的女孩,是吗? Puppy love 初恋 love.. at first sight 一见钟情。 Fall in love with sb 爱上某人。

4. People can't use fake credit card , can they ?

人们不能用假的信用卡,是不是呢?

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5. This is really an embarrassing experience...isn't it ?

这真是一个尴尬的经验,不是吗?

6. Eating too much junk food isn't good for health .is it. 吃太多的没有营养食品是不健康的是吧。

7. That baby fell asleep didn't it? 那个孩子已经睡着了。是不是呢? Fall的过去式睡觉得意思 feel sleepy 想睡。

特别注意的附加问句

1 am 和not 没有缩写形, 附加问句用am I not Aren't I 或 ain't I 代替

例如 I am the right man for the job , am I not ? 我是最适合这个工作的人,不是嘛? 或 aren't I

2 直述句若是there is (are)的句型,附加问句用 isn't (aren't) there .

例如 1. There is an old man jogging in the palygriund , isn't there ?

there is 是有的意思 Is 看后面的主词 有为老人在操场上慢跑,是不是呢? 2. There are not any pedestrians in the street, aren't there ? 街上没有任何行人,是吧。

直述句变附加疑问句反意疑问句的重点-谢孟媛初级文法视频(英语语法初级)第36课

3直述句中有have /has 的附加句文具的用法。

Have /has + P,P==Have/ has 为助动词

Had better (最好) + VR原型动词===had 为助动词 不是形容词的最高级 最好做什么样的事情

例如1. We have to finish the work by ourselves. Don't we。

我们完成这个工作必须靠我们自己,是不是呢? 这里的have 是一般动词 所以附加问句要借用助动词don't

例如2. He's fond of pop music, isn't he ? 他很喜欢流行音乐是不是啊? Fond 是形容词所以它的前是be动词。所以附加问句用isn't He is ====He's He has ====He's

例如3.He's decided to quit smaking Hasn't he? 他已经决定要戒烟了是不是呢?

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这是He has decided 是过去分词。Has接过去分词是现在完成时。

Quit后面必须接ing 还有 stop smaking 或give up smaking

decide 后面接动词必须用不定词 to

例如4. Mary and her friends had a very good time , Didn't they ?

玛丽和她的朋友玩得非常的愉快,是不是呢? Had 是一般动词have 的过去时

一般动词不能加not 所以用助动词didn't Had a very good time Have fun 是玩得很愉快 Enjoy oneself

例如5. You had better keep silent in the meeting,hadn't you 在会议时你最好保持沉默,好吗?

助动词 保持沉默

形容词 Keep

动词是必须+ing 如:keep jumping 跳来跳去

4直述句中含有否定字如:No. Nothing . Never Seldom. Little. Few

等附加问句是要肯定 Little=not much few=not many a little (一些)

例如1。 你的手机没有毛病,是吗?

There is nothing wrong with your cell phone .is there. 否定字 后要用肯定

Something wrong 有毛病。 Cell phone==mobil phone 手机

例如2. I never tell lies to others. do I . 我从来没有对别人说谎过, 是吧。

Others的S不要的话就是\其他的\的意思, 加 S就是\别人\的意思。 Tell lies 是说谎

Tell the truth 是说实话

例如3 The foreigner has few frineds here in Taiwan, does he/ shezh not many(几乎没有) 因为有the定冠词 这个外国人几乎没有什么朋友在台湾是吧?

5直述句中有too......to (太。。。。。而不能)用否定附加问句

例如 You are too young to have the right to vote, aren't you ?你太年轻了没有投票的权利。

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当名词权利的意思

6直述句中主语something ,anything ,nothing ,everything 附加问句用It。 若是 someone ,anyone everybody, 附加问句则用 they .

例如1. Something bad happenedto the student,didn't it .那个学生发生了不好的事情 ,是吗?

例如2. Someone took my notebook withou tasking me first ,didn't they ? 有些人没有问过我就拿走了我的笔记本,不是吗?

主要子句 ,感叹句和祈使句的附加疑问句/反意疑问句-谢孟媛初级文法视频(英语语法初级)第37课

7当主句和附属子句出现时,根据主要句子形成附加问句。

(没有连接词的句子是主要子句)

例如1. If it is fine tomorrow they will go picnicking ,won't they ? 这是主要子句

如果明天天气好的话,他们要去野餐是不是呢?

Picnic特别 + ing 要现加K 再加ing 所以 picnicking 野餐. Panic--panicking 惊慌

例如2. Many readers thought that it was an interesting novel, didn't they? 这是主要子句

许多读者认为这是一部有趣的小说,是不是呢?

8主要子句的附加疑问句反意疑问句

如果是 I 或 we, know, think, beileve, imagine,guess, hear 等

根据that 子句形成附加问句。

例如1. I know that you don't want to hurt me do you ? 我想你是不想伤害我的,对吧? 因为是I 所以 这是子句 要根据子句附件问句

例如2.I beileve that he will try his best ,won't he ? 要根据这句子句附加问句 我相信他会尽力而为的是不是呢?

例如3. I don't think that we can spend so much money on clothes.can we? 后句子句要看做是否定句。 所以附加问句要肯定。 我认为我们不会花很多钱买衣服,是不是呢?

主词S +think +肯定。 Think后面一定要接肯定的。 比如:我认为明天不会下雨。 英文只有一种表达方式:

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我不认为明天会下雨. I don't think that tomorrow will rain。

9感叹句用否定附加问句,主词仍与感叹一致

感叹有两种。 一种是用what +冠词+形容+名词 一种是用How(副词)+形容

例如1. What a kind man (he is) isn't he ? 他是一个多么善良的人啊。不是吗? How kind a man he is

例如2. How interesting this comic book is . isn't it 这本漫画书好有趣啊,不是吗?

What an interesting comic book it is

10祈使句的附加问句。

肯定祈使句附加问句用 Will you ?

否定祈使句附加问句用 Will you ?

邀请祈使句. Won't you /否定

Us let's not all right ?

Let's ..., Shall we? / let me will you? Him don't let's ok?

例如1. tell me what to do will you ?告诉我该什么做好吗?

例如2. don't turn off the light will you ?不要把灯关了好吗?

例如3. Have a cup of tea won't ? 要不要喝点茶呢?

例如4. let's call it a day shall we? 今天到此为止行吗?

例如5. let us give you a hand will you ? 就让我们帮你的忙吧。

例如6, let's not talk in English all right ? 那我们不要讲英文好吗?

现在时和过去时的被动语态-谢孟媛初级文法视频(英语语法初级)第38课

主动及被动

例如 1.Tom repairs bikes. Tom 修理自行车。

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2.Bikes are reoaired by Tom 自行车被Tom 修理的

被动语态的形式---主词 +beV+ 过去分词(PP)by 行为者

动作的完成 Have/has +过去分词 过去分词(PP)代表 被动 Be+PP

Be动词 +过去分词 被动语态的形式

时态 被动

例如1. The song is sung by Jolin. 这首歌被Jolin唱。 被唱

例如2.I hear the song sung by Jolin 我听到这首歌被Jolin 唱 被唱

例如3. English and French are spoken in Canade.在加拿大说英文和法文。

主动及被动转换

例如 主动 He praised me。他夸奖我。 1 2 3

被动 I was praised by him 3 2 beV+pp 1

注意及物动词才有被动语态,但是有些不及物动词+介词可被视为及物动词片语。 所以可用被动词。

例如1. I listen to music。我听音乐。

倾听是及物动词片语 只有listen它不是及物动词。

例如2.Something happened to Mark. Mark 发生了一些事情。 不是及物片语 所以不能转变被动。 修饰

例如3. He takes care of the newcomer to the club. 他照顾俱乐部新来的人。 1(S) 2 (V) 3 (O)

改成被动 The newcomer to the club is taken care of by him . 3 2 beV + PP 1

加入新俱乐部的人都是被他照顾。 到目前为止我们学了6种时态

现在时 现在进行时 过去是 过去进行时 未来时 现在完成时

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各种时态的被动语态形成----beV+PP

1. 现在时的被动语态----am/ are / is / +PP

例如 Betly keeps five newborn cats at home. Betly在家中养了新生5只小猫。 1 2 3

该成被动语态 Five newborn cats are kept by Betly at home . 3 2 3

新生的5只小猫被Betly 在家中养。

2. 过去时的被动语态---was/ were +PP

例如1. They sold many kinds of child seats at the shop . 1 2 3 他们在店里卖各种各样的儿童座椅。 可以省略

改成被动-Many kinds of child seats were sold (by them) at shop . 3 2 3

各种各样的儿童座椅在店里卖。

例如2. The police ran after the thief in the street . run after 是追捕 警方在街上追捕小偷 这个不能省略

改成被动语态 The thief was ran after (by the police) in the street 这个小偷 在街上被警方追捕。

现在和过去进行时,未来时和现在完成时的被动语态-谢孟媛初级文法视频第39课 3.现在进行时的被动语态----am/are /is +being +PP Am

Are +Ving 是现在进行时

Is 至两个时态相加就形成了 + BeV+PP 是被动 现在进行时的被动语态。

现在进行时+被动态 Am/ Are /Is +Being +PP

例如 Workers are building the new shopping center.(现在进行时) 1 2 3 工人们正在建筑新的购物中心。 改成进行时的被动语态

The new shopping center is being built by workers . 3 2is+beingPP 3

新的购物中心正在被工人们建筑。

4.过去进行时的被动语态----was /were+being + PP

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例如 Mr Smith was printing the exam papers .史密斯那时正在印刷考卷。 1 2 3

改成被动语态 The exam papers were being printed by Mr Smith . 这些考试卷正被史密斯印刷。

5. 未来时的动词语态 == 1 will be P.P 2 Am

Are going to be.P.P Is

例如1. They will hold the school sports in october .10月份学校要举办运动会。 1 2 3

改成被动语态 The school sports will be held (by them )in october. 3 2 1可以省略

学校运动会将要在10月份举行。

例如2. Our class are going to discuss the problem. Discuss 讨论,商量。 1 2 3

我们班人要讨论过这个问题。

改成被动语态 The problem is going to discussed by our class.

这个问题将要被我们班人讨论。 其他的助动词如 can m must should 等的被动语态形成的方法和未来时的被动语态一样的。

例如1. Every one of us should follow school rules 我们每一个人都要遵守校规。 1 2 3

改成被动语态。School rules should be followed by every one of us. 校规被我们每一个人要遵守。

Every one of us 我们当中的每一个人就是我们每一个人

Every one of the bikes 行车当中的每一台 就是每一台自行车。 Everyone 只是指人。

6.现在完成时的被动语态。Have / has been +PP 现在完成 have/has + P.P + 被动语态 beV + P.P

加起来就形成了Have / has + been + P.P

例如1. The teacher has already punished the naughty boy. 1 2 3

老师已经处罚了那个淘气的男孩了。

改成被动 The naughty boy has already been punished by the teacher. 3 2 3

那个淘气的男孩被已经被老师处罚了。 各句型的被动语态形式

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1 Yes/ No 问句==即 beV / aux 为首的问句。 就是以be动词或助动词为首的问句。 例如1. Did Judy mess up my room. 是Judy把我的的房间弄乱的吗? My room was messed up by Judy 我的房间是被Judy弄乱的。 改成被动语态的肯定句

Was my room messed up by Judy ? 我的房间是被Judy 弄乱的吗? 被动语态的疑问句

例如2. Must I take the cold medicine three times a day . 我必须要一天吃3次感冒药吗?

Must the cold medicine be taken by me three times a day. 感冒药我必须要一天吃3次吗? Tablet(s) 锭 capsule 胶囊。

特殊疑问句及否定句的被动语态-谢孟媛初级文法视频(英语语法初级)第40课

2 WH 问句= 既疑问句词为首的问句

例如1. What did he catch ? 他抓到什么了? 3 2 1

改成被动 What was caught by him ? 什么东西被他抓到了? The line was 是狮子。

例如2. When did the boy break the window? 男孩是什么时候打破窗户的? 1 2 3

when the window was broken by the boy. 不对的 这个不是疑问句的要把was提到疑问词的后面来。

再改成被动语态的疑问句 When was the window broken by the boy? 这扇窗户是什么时候被男孩打破的?

回答 It was broken yesterday afernoom. 是昨天下午打破的

例如3. what language is spoken in spain? 西班牙是说什么语言呢? 1 2

回答 spanish is 是西班牙文。

3 Who + 动词的疑问句==by whom + beV + S + PP

例如 Who bought the sweater? 谁买了这件毛衣呢? The sweater was bought by whom 它不成立疑问句

Whom was the sweater bought by ? 这件毛衣是由谁买的呢? 或 By whom was the sweater bought ? 外国人是这样说的。

+ beV (be动词) + not + P.P 4 否定句---主词S

+ aux (助动词) + not + P.P

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例如1. They don't collect recyclable paper every day .他们并非每天都回收纸类。 1 2 3

被动 Recyclable paper isn't collected by them very day并非每天被他们回收纸类。 3 2beV+PP 1

Not every 并非每天 recycle回收利用 bicycle自行车。 Reviwe 复习 reran 重新开始

例如2. We can't see a full moon tonight 今晚我们不能看到满月。

该被动 A full moon can't be seen (by us) tonight。满月是看不到的。 可省

特别注意的被动语态

一般人

1 by + 行为者省略 含糊不清的某人 未指明某人

By 一般人已经省略了。

例如1. Rice is grown in Taiwan . 台湾种植稻子。

By 含糊不清的某人By 已经省略

例如2. My uncle was killed in the war . 我的叔叔在战场上死亡。

By 未指明某人已经省略

例如3. The novle was translated into many languages。 Translated into 被翻译 这部小说被翻译成许多国的语言。

特别注意的3种被动语态形式-谢孟媛初级文法视频(英语语法初级)第41课

1 by + 行为者省略 含糊不清的某人 未指明某人

By 一般人已经省略了。

例如1. Rice is grown in Taiwan . 台湾种植稻子。

By 含糊不清的某人By 已经省略

例如2. My uncle was killed in the war . 我的叔叔在战场上死亡。 By 未指明某人已经省略

例如3. The novle was translated into many languages。 Translated into 被翻译 这部小说被翻译成许多国的语言。 2不使用by 的被动语态

为(人).......所知 be known to

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例如1. Mr Jackson is known to people in this town。 这个街上的人都知道Mr. Jackson.

以......闻名be known for-特色

例如2. Taipei is known for its good foods。台北以它的美食而闻名。

以......闻名Be Known as -身份

例如3.She is known as a successful singer。 她身为一名歌手而成名。

Known可以换成 famus

例如4. Those mountains are covered with snow . 那些山覆盖着白雪。 Be Covered with 被什么覆盖

例如5. They were caught in a shower during the barbecue .他们烤肉时被一阵雨淋了。 Be caught in a shower. 被一阵雨淋了。

例如6。 Shoes are made of leather. 皮鞋是皮子做的。 成品 原料 -----物理变化 用 Made of 由......制成

例如7. Bread is made from flour 。面包是面粉做的 成品 原料 ------有化学的变化 用 Made from由......制成

表示情绪和感情的被动语态也不能用by

Interested 兴趣 in (be interested in ) Surprised 惊奇 at ( 有方向性的要用at) Satisfied 满意 with

Impressed 印象 with +事物 例如 人+bev

Pleased 愉快 with

Excited 兴奋 about 记忆口诀 兴奋给一个拥抱。 Worried 担心 about

3 授予动词的被动语态。

授予动词的主动 授予V+ O(人)+O(物) O(物)+介词+O(人)

注意该被动语态时 受词一次只能拿一个做变化。

例如1. The embessy gave me a new passport . 大使馆给了我一份新的护照。 1 2 3

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改成被动 I was given a new passport by the embassy .我被大使馆给予了一份新的护照

例如2. The embessy gave a new passpor to me 1 2 3

改成被动 A new passport was given to me by the embassy . 一份新的护照被大使馆给了我。

例如3. Mr .white told us the history story. White 先生告诉我们这个历史故事。 1 2 3

被动 We were told the history story by Mr. White. 我们被告诉了这个历史故事是从white那里

还可 the history story was told to us by Mr. White .这个历史故事是被white先生告诉我们的。

注意有些授予动词如 cook 等不能用人做为被动的主语。

例如Mom cooked us vegetable soup. 妈妈给我们做了蔬菜汤。

被动 Vegetable soup was cooked for us by Mom .蔬菜汤是被我妈妈做给我们的。

不能 we were cooked vegetable soup by Mom 注意这句话是不能这样说的 所以cook 不能用人作为被动语态的主语。

祈使句、SVOC句型、使役动词和感官动词的被动语态-谢孟媛初级文法视频第42课 4 S主词+V动词+O受词+C补语 的被动语态。

例如 1 . They painted the board blue. 他们把木板漆成了蓝色。

被动 The board was painted blue by them . 板子被他们漆成了蓝色。

例如2. We elected Jake chairperson.. 我们选Jake当主席

被动 Jake was elected chairperson by us . Jake 被我们选为主席。

5 祈使句的被动语态

原形动词+受词=====Let +受词+be +P.P

例如 open the door。 把门打开。 有希望请求的意思 you 省略了 The door is opened 不对的

如果改成这样的被动语态.这只是一般叙述句的被动语态,它不是上句的被动语态。

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应该是 Let the door be opened 让门就打开吧, 这才是祈使句的被动语态 .

Let 后面永远用原形

Let+O(人) +原形动词+O (物)

例如 Let me tell the truth 就让我说实话吧。

该被动 let the truth be told by me. 实话就让我说出来吧。

6使役动词的被动语态 Made V 主动 A + O + Have PP 被动

Made 叫...... .强调。 Haven 叫..... 一般 V主动

B Let + O +V Be +PP被动

To V 主动 c get +O+ PP 被动

例如1. My brother made me run errands for him. 我的哥哥叫我帮他跑腿。有点强迫的。 My brother had me run errands for him 一般的口气。 My brother let me run errands for him

My brother get me to tun errands for him . get ...to run errands 跑腿

例如2. I had my hair cut(PP)yeasterday . 我昨天剪了我的头发。 被动语态

例如3. let it be done (do ) at once 立刻去做这件是吧 被动语态

at once 立刻

例如4 Mr.Lin made me do (do ) the work 。 Lin先生叫我去做这个工作。(前主后主)

例如5. Mr.Lin made the work done (do ) by me 。Lin先生叫我做了这个工作。(前主后被)

例如6. I was made to do(do ) the work by Mr. Lin.

我被Lin先生叫去做这个工作。(前被后主)to do 要用不定词。

7 感官动词的被动语态。 Feel V (主动) see

watch Ving(主动) look at + O

notice P.P (被动) hear listen to

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例如1. I saw him beat /beating (beat) the little boy. 我看见他打一个小男孩。

例如2. I saw the little boy beaten by him. 我看见一个小男孩被打。 (被动)

例如3. He was seen to beat/ beating the little boy by me .他打小男孩被我看见。

关系代名词的功能和分类-谢孟媛初级文法视频(英语语法初级)第43课

关系代名词的功用

例如1. I have a friend the friend lives in paris 我有位朋友,这个朋友住在巴黎。

I have a friend and he lives in paris .用 and 连接

I have a friend who lives in paris。 Who 不是谁的意思,是关系代名词。

住在巴黎的朋友 英文是 a friend who lives in paris. 这是形容词子句。

语顺为先行词+关系代名词 但也提有下下例句子。

例如 1. There was an old man in the apartment who was very rich. 那个公寓里过去住着一位非常富有的老人。

也可以这样说 There was an old rich man in the apartment . 例如2. I met two girls , one of whom. is my cousin。

我遇见两个女孩,其中一个是我的表妹 也可以 I met two girls and one of them is my cousin.

关系代名词的种类 格

先行词 主格+ V 所有格+N 受格+S +V+介

人 Who Whose Whom 事物

动物 Which Whose Which 人. 事物 That × That

人称代名词==I love him (V +O)

I play with him。 我给他玩。 介词+受词 格 例句

主格+动词 the man who talked to me 该男子和我说话

所有格+动词 the man whose car was stolen 该男子的车被偷了

受格+主词+动词 the man whom I met . 我所会见的人

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主格的关系代名词-谢孟媛初级文法视频(英语语法初级)第44课

主格的关系代名词

1 主格Who-----先行词(人)+主格关系代名词Who +动词

例如1. The man is my father。 引导的是形容词子句 把这两句合并一句

The man wears sunglasses。 重复不要

The man who wears sunglasses is my father。带太阳镜的那个人是我的父亲 修饰名词 形容词子句

例如2. I don't like people. 这两句合并一句。

They get out of temper easily

I don't like people who get out of temper easily. 我不喜欢容易发脾气的那种人。 修饰 形容词子句

2主格 Which-----先行词(事物动物)+主格关代Which +动词

例如1. I live in the house .

这两句合并一句。House Stands on 坐落于,位于 The house stands on the hill

I live in the house which standas on the hill. 我住在那幢坐落在山丘上的房子里。 例如2. English is a language 这两句合并一句。

It's spoken all over the world .

English is a language which is spoken all over the world。 英文是世界通用的语言。 Jajapanpanese is a language which is spoken in Japan . 日文是在日本说的语言。

3主格关代That+先行词(人.事.动物)+主格关代名词That + 动词 例如1.帮医生照顾病人的人称为护士。 Patient 名词是病人,动词是有耐心 People (who / that) help doctors and look after patients are called nurses. 修饰名词 形容词子句

例如2. 我喜欢这大楼幢被吴先生设计出来的大楼。 I like the building which /that was designed by Mr.wu. 修饰 过去时的被动语态

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关系代词所接动词与先行词一致-谢孟媛初级文法视频(英语语法初级)第45课

格关代其后所接的动词须与先行词一致

例如1. Tom is one of the boys who are foud of sports Tom是那些喜欢运动男孩中的其中之一 须一致

例如2. I know a child who is good at surfing 我认识一位很会冲浪的小朋友。 Surfing 冲浪 Surf the internet 上网。 互联网

例如3. Adults don't like children who tell lies。

大人不喜欢说谎话的孩子。Children因为有很多的小孩所以Tell 是不加S 的 That 的不同用法

1指示代名词==那个 的意思

例如 The weather in Gaoxiong is hotter than that in Taipei 高雄的天气比台北的热。 2指示形容词

例如 Look at that dog. 看那只狗。That 不是代名词。而是指示形容词在名词的前面。 3关系代名词

例如1. The boy that is playing the guitar is Jimmy。 正在弹吉他的那个男孩是吉米。 修饰名词

这是形容词子句 that 又是主词又是连接词 4 连接词

例如 I think that honesty is the best policy 我认为诚实为上策。 只是连接词

所有格的关系代名词

所有格whose ----先行词(人.事物.动物)+所有关代whose +名词。 例如1. I know a girl , 合并一句

Her father is journalist.

Iknow a girl whose father is a journalist . 我认识一位父亲是新闻记者的女孩。

I know a boy whose mother is a English teacher .我认识一位妈妈是英文老师的男孩。

例如2. look at the house 合并一句

Its roof was damaged

Look at the house whose roof was damaged . 你看那个屋顶受损害的房子。

Damaged 损害 roof 屋顶 受格的关代名词

1 受格whom ----先行词(人) +受格关代whom +主词+动词+介词 口语中 受格关代whose 也可以用who代替。

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例如1. The men is a teacher , 合并一句

She married him

The man whom/ who she married is a teacher .她嫁给了一位老师。 例如2. The waman has just left the office you want to see her . The waman (whom you want to see )has just left the office。

你想要看的那个女人刚刚离开了办公室。 2 受格 which -先行词( 事物,动物)+受格关代which +S+V+介词

例如1. Here is a magazine . 合并一句

I borrowed it from miss wang

Here is a magazine which I borrowed from miss wang .这里有一本我找王小姐借的杂志。

例如2. Remember the advice 合并一句

I gave you the advice 。

Remember the adivce which I gave you . 记住我给你的忠告。

A piece of advice 一个忠告。 Two pieces of a advice 二个忠告。

关系代名词的注意事项(1)-谢孟媛初级文法视频(英语语法初级)第46课

受格that ----先行词(人.事物.动物)+受格关代that +S+V +介词

例如1.The little girl is very cute 合并一句

My dad is talking to her

The little girl who/ whom that my dad is talking to is very cute . 形容词子句

修饰名词 那个和我父亲说话的小女孩非常可爱。

例如2. 我们午餐吃的三明治不好吃。

The sandwichs that we ate for lunch were not delicious. 形容词子句 修饰名词

特别注意的关系代名词。

1 受格的关系代名词可以省略。

例如. 足球是我最喜欢的运动。 which

Soccer is the sport I like the best 。 That

受词关代可省略

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2介词+受格关系代名词。 O + V +介词 介词可以拿到受词的前面 which

例如1. The woman you are speaking of is our principal. That 你提到的女人是我们的校长。 受词关代可省略 介词 把介词of 拿到前面来

The woman of whom you are speaking is our principal. 这个不能省略

例如2. The train which I am waiting for is now half an hour late .我等的那车晚了半小时。 把介词for 拿到前面来

The train for which I am waiting now half hour late 。 不能用that delay 延迟

注意介词放在关系代名词前,关代不可用that ,也不可省略。

3关系代名词只用that

先行词前有最高级时只能用that

例如. 今天是我们经历过的最寒冷的一天。

Today is the coldest day that we have ever experienced 现在完成时

先行词前有序数时只能用that

例如 肯尼是首位冲出教室的男孩。

Kenny was the first boy that rushed out of the classroom.. Rush out of 冲出

He stands in front of me 。他站在我的前面。 Of 的后面如果没有对象,of 就要省略。 He stands in front.。 他站在前面。

关系代名词的注意事项(2)-谢孟媛初级文法视频(英语语法初级)第47课

3先行词为人事物或动物同时

例如 Take a look at the boy and his dog that are coming this way.

看一看正朝着这个方向来的男孩和他的狗。 Take a look at 看一看

4先行词前有疑问词 who 谁which 哪一个 为了避免重复

例如1. Who that has seen the photos of starving children does not want to help them.?

情况不明状况不名要用单数

看过饥饿儿童的照片有谁不想帮助他们呢 ?

例如2. Which was the bag that you left in the train? 你留在火车上的袋子是哪一个呢?

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受词的关代还可以省略

5先行词有 all . no. every. Any~ Thing~ One.

中文可以这样记。 全部。 没有。每一。 任一。事物。

例如1. All that students have to do is study hard . 学生必须做的事就是努力学习。 What to省略掉了

关代what = 先行词+关代

例如2. She has everything that a woman could wish for. 她有所有女人都渴望拥有的东西。

6先行词前有 the only(唯一的)The same (相同的). The very(正是)

例如1. He was the only one that trusted me . 他是唯一个相信我的人。

make it 是成功的意思 。 trust 信任相信

Trusted me ,you can make it . 相信我你一定成功。

例如2. This is the very novle that I've looke for 这正是我一直要找的小说。

现在完成时 look for 寻找

只用that 的口诀 1 最高级,序数. 人 + 物 .避免重复 2.all no evry any the ( the only, the same . the very)

不能用that 1 .有豆点,后不能用that 2. 介系词之后该用谁就用谁不能用that .

4 限定用法及非限定用法

1限定用法 对先行词的内容加以限定。

例如1. They had two daughters who become actresses 他们有两个成为演员的女儿。 句子中没有提到女儿的总数

非限定用法 对先行词不加限定。仅有使句子连贯的功 补述 用法

例如 They had two daughters, who became actresses. 他们有两位女儿,都当了演员。 句子中明确地表明只有两位女儿。

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比较

1. 没有逗点号 The old man has a son who lives in Taipei 限定 2. 可用that 代替 that 不只一个儿子 3. 受词关代可省略

1.有逗号 The old man has a son, who lives in Taipei. 非限定 2. 不可用that 代替你 只有一个儿子 3.关代不可省略

关系代名词的同义表现-谢孟媛初级文法视频(英语语法初级)第48课

例如1. I, who am your best friend , Certainly will help you . 我,身为你的朋友,当然会帮助你。

例如2. My brother, who is a dentist , is studying in the USA .

我的哥哥, 他是牙医,在美国学习。

5关系代名词的同义表现

1名词+主格关代名词+动词 名词+ 现在分词(主动)

例如 There is a notice that says ,\That says ...... 写着什么.....(都要用主动)

改成名词+现在分词(主动) 有个告示牌上写着禁止停车。 There is a notice saying , \

2名词+主格关代+beV+ 过去分词 名词+过去分词(被动)

例如2 这是有怀特太太所做的蛋糕。

This is a cake which was made by Mrs White 该成名词+过去分词(被动) This is a cake made by Mrs White

3名词+Who+have / has / had 名词+with / having

例如 She is a girl who has blond hair.

She is a girl having blond hair. 她是位有金发的女孩。 She is a girl with blond hair. 修饰名词的字,片语, 子句

(1) 放在名词前的形容词,分词

1(一个字) 形容词+名词 例如 a red flower 红色的花朵。

2(一个字)现在分词+名词(主动). 例如 a blooming flower 一朵盛开的花朵。 3(一个字)过去分词+名词(被动)或者是(过去完成)

例如 a fallen flower. 一朵掉落的花。(过去完成)

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a falling flower 正在掉落的花朵。(主动) (2) 放在名词后的形容词,形容词片语,形容词子句。 1~thing/ ~body+形容词

例如 Something interesting 某件有趣的事情 An interesting thing 一件有趣的事情

2名词+形容词片语 由介词,分词,不定词引导的

例如1. The pen on the desk is mine . 桌子上的笔是我的。

例如2. Will you give me a pen which I can write with ?

请你 有can 可以省略用to 请你给我一支能写字的笔吗? 或 Will you give me a pen to write with

例如3. He drew a cat sleeping on the chair. 他画了一只正在椅子上睡觉的猫。

He drew a sleeping cat. 他画了一只正在睡觉的猫。

例如4. This is the window broken by Tom. 这是一扇被Tom 打破的窗户。

3名词+形容词子句 由关系代名词引导

例如5. Do you think the lady who wears a dress is prelly Wearing 或者用in

间接问句句式和形成-谢孟媛初级文法视频(英语语法初级)第49课

Unit 5 间接问句

BeV +S ?

1接问句= =疑问词(句首)+

aux(助动词) +S +VR(动词原型)?

例如 Who is that tall girl? 那个高的女孩是谁? Be动词+主词

Be V 、、、、、、、be动词

2间接问句==主要子句+疑问词+S+ V 、、、、、、、一般动词 Aux+VR、、、、助动词+动词原形、

例如 I have no idea who that tall girl is。 我不知道那个高的女孩是谁。 间接问句句尾的标点符号以主要子句为准。

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间接问句的形成

1be动词---疑问词(句中)+主词+be动词 例如1. What is this ? 这是什么?

I don't know what this is. 我不知道这是什么?

例如2. who is the girl standing at the door ? 站在门口的那个女孩是谁?

Do you know who the girl standing at the door is? 你知道站在门口的那个女孩是谁吗?

例如3. Where are you going with your Mom? 你要跟你的妈妈去哪里呢?

Tell me where you are going with your Mom . 告诉我你要和你的妈妈去哪里呢。 2一般动词---疑问词(句中)+S+V(注意时态表现) 例如1. Where does she live ? 她住在那里?

Let me know where she lives。 让我知道她住在那里? does 去掉 第三人称单数一般动词要加S

疑问中+S + 肯定 不需要does 否定

例如2. When did they leave for Australia? 他们是什么时候去的澳洲呢?

We'd like to know when they left for Australia. 我们想要知道她们什么时候去澳洲的。

We would did 去掉 leave要改成过去时left

例如 3. Why didn't you go to the office by bus? 你为什么没有乘公交车上班呢?

Please tell me why you didn't go to the office by bus。 请告诉我你为什么不乘公交车上班呢. Didn't 这里否定助动词不能省略。

间接疑问句Part 2-谢孟媛初级文法视频(英语语法初级)第50课

3助动词==疑问句(句中)+S主词+ Aux (助动词)with +VR

例如1. How can the little boy move the large box? 这个小男孩怎么能搬动这么大的箱子呢?

I wonder how the little boy can move the large box.

我想知道这个小男孩如何能搬动这么大的箱子。 No wonder (当名词)难怪。

Wonder 当成翻译成事物时要加S如 wonders of nature 大自然的奥妙。

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例如2. Please tell me why I have to take care of the little girl. 请告诉我为什么我必须照顾这位小女孩。

可用must Take care of == look after 照顾

4疑问句(即为主词)----疑问句(句中)+beV/ V/aux 例如1. What happened to you ? 你怎么了?

Will you let me know what happened to you ? 请你让我知道你发什么了什么好吗?

例如2. Who broken the antigue vase.? 谁打破了古董花瓶?

Do you know who broken the antigue vase? 你知道是谁打破古董花瓶的吗? Antigue 古董 Vase 花瓶

例如3 . 没有人知道 谁在考试时作弊

Nobody knows who cheated on the exam. cheat 欺骗 exam考试 第三人称单数

特别注意的间接问句 1含 Do you think

Do you guess 之间接问句。 Do you say Do you imagine

例如1. who will be sent to the United States. 合并一句

Do you think?

Do you think who will be sent to the United States

Who do you think will be sent to the United States ? 你认为谁会被派到美国呢? 回答不能用Yes .No .回答是: I think it will be Tom 例如2 .What time will the class begin ? 合并一句

Do you say ?

Do you say what time will the class begin ? Do疑问句的回答是Yes No

What time do you say the class will begin? 你说这堂课几点开始呢? 回答:I think it will begin at 8:00。 8点开始。

比较1 Do you know what the answer is ? 你知道答案是什么? Yes,I do . No, I don't. 是的我知道。 不我不知道。

2. What do you think the answer is ? 你认为答案是什么?

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I think the answer is A 我认为答案是A。

2名词片语===疑问句+ToV

例如1. 这可怜的女孩不知道她该做什么?

The poor girl doesn't know what she has to do 主词省略

The poor girl doesn't know what to do. 例如2.

Where to go 该去哪 Who to ask 该问谁

Do you know How to do (it) 该如何做 ? What to do 该怎么办

特殊疑问词+to do的用法-谢孟媛初级文法视频(英语语法初级)第51课

2名词片语===疑问句+ToV

例如1. 这可怜的女孩不知道她该做什么?

The poor girl doesn't know what she has to do 主词省略

The poor girl doesn't know what to do. 例如2.

Where to go 该去哪 Who to ask 该问谁

How to do (it) 该如何做 ? What to do 该怎么办

注意:名词片语-疑问词+ToV 当主词S ,补语C ,受词O。

当主词S

例如3. Who to bell the cat is a big problem. 谁来担当这个危险的任务是个大问题。 担当危险任务 补语C ---接be动词或连缀动词后

例如 The problem is who to bell the cat. 这个问题是谁要担当这个危险任务。

当受词O---接一般动词后

例如 We don't know who to bell the cat. 我们不知道谁来担当这个危险的任务。

不含疑问词的问句(即Yes/ No) 问句之间接问句,须用whether / if (是否)引导。

例如1. Will he buy the convertible? 他要买厂棚车吗? convertible 无顶车

I don't know whether /if he will buy the convertible .我不知道他是不是要买敞篷车.

例如2 Is it convenient for you to drive me home? 开车代我回家方便吗?

I'd like to know if /whether it is convenient for you to drive me home 。

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我想知道你开车带我会家是否方便。 练习

1. 你认为人类如何能解决污染问题呢?

How do you think people can solve pollutiion problems .

2. 我不知道他们何时会达成目标. achieve the goal。达成目标 I don't know when they will achieve the goal。

3.请告诉我们那里可以买到手工皮鞋。 Read-made现成的 hand-made手工的 Please tell us where to buy hand-made shoes 。

4.让我知道他是不是爱上了Amy。

Let me know whether he fell in love with Amy. Love人at first sight 一见钟情

5.你猜谁要举办音乐会?

Who do you guess will hold a concert ? hold a concert ? 举办音乐会

连接词的功能和种类:谢孟媛初级文法视频(英语语法初级)第52课

连接词的功能== 连接单字,片语,或子句。

例如1. splendid ! The dancers splayed and did the splits。 split劈腿 splay张开 这些跳舞的人在张开双臂和劈腿。 She was two-timed by her boyfried 她的男朋友太花心了。

例如2. Do you write with your right hand or your left hand? 你是用你的右手写字还是用你的左手写字呢?

例如3. I always rely on him when I am in trouble。 rely on 依靠 当我麻烦的时候总是依靠他。

连接词的种类

1. 对等的连接词-连接同词性的单字,片语,子句。 1 and (和, 并且, 那么)

例如1. 当个大学生和在大学求学是两回事。

Being a college student and studying at college are two different things . 主词要有名词的特性

例如2. 我们可以呼吸新鲜的空气和享受美丽的风景。

We can have fresh air and enjoy beautiful scenery. scenery.风景

例如3.一直走,那么你就会看到那家餐厅在你的右手边。

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Go straight. And you will see the restaurant on your right . On the right 在右边 In the right 正确的。 In the wrong 错误的 2 but (但是)

例如1. 那小女孩跌倒了,但是没有哭。

The little girl fell down but( she) didin't cry fell down 跌倒 fall 名 (秋天) Fall 动 (掉落) 省略

例如2. 我爸爸妈妈答应让我跟你出去, 但是他们要求我必须在12点以前回家。

My parents agree to let me go out with you but they ask me to come home before 12:00

连接词or和so的用法详解:谢孟媛初级文法视频(英语语法初级)第53课

3 or (或者,否则)

例如1. 你较喜欢哪一种, 咖啡或茶? Prefer === like ~~better 较喜欢 What would you prefer coffee or tea?

例如2. 你可将碳转成钻石或是将沙子转变成电脑晶片。

You can turn coal into diamonds or you can turn sand into computer chips.

将~~~变成~~~ 将~~~变成~~~

例如3 书展一定要办否则这些书无法在一周内卖完。

The (book) fair must be held , or the books won't be sold out in a week 。 可以省 未来时 被动

注意 祈使句, and 那么+主词+动词~~ 祈使句, or 否则+主词+动词~~

例如1. Go to the shop at once ,or it will be closed .立即去那家店铺,否则它要关门了。 例如2.Go to the bookstore And you'll find foreign books. 去那家书店你就会找到外国书。

4 so 所以---只能连接两个句子

例如1.有些人不曾想过未来,所以他们东西只用一次就丢掉。

Some people never think of the future, so they only use things once and throw them away。 只用 丢去

例如2.我们共享这个世界,所以我们每人都必须各异本分。Share 享受

We share this world ,so each of us has to do our part.

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# 对等的相关连接词===Both ~~~and (和~~两者都) Not only ~~but also (不仅~~而且) Either~~~or (不是~~就是)

例如1. 她希望藉由慢跑减肥和塑型。

She hopes both to lose weight and shape up by jogging .

例如2. 他不仅弄坏了机器还把过错腿大到我头上。 put the blame 推责任。 He not only broke the machine but (also) put the blame on me .

Also可省 put the blame on me as well. 例如3. 你可用现金或支票付款。

You can pay either in cash or by check .

例如4. Both Frence and German are spoken in this region. region.地区 在这个区域说法文和德文。

Not only I but also they are angry with you . 不仅我就连他们也生你的气。

Either you or I am (in the) right 不是你就是我对。

Neither my mother nor I was listening to the news on TV. 不是我妈妈也不是我再在收听电视新闻。

Mr.wang as will as the student was late for class. 王老师和学生一样迟到。

对等连接词及从属连接词:谢孟媛初级文法视频(英语语法初级)第54课

# 对等的相关连接词===Both ~~~and (和~~两者都) Not only ~~but also (不仅~~而且) Either~~~or (不是~~就是)

例如1. 她希望藉由慢跑减肥和塑型。

She hopes both to lose weight and shape up by jogging .

例如2. 他不仅弄坏了机器还把过错腿大到我头上。 put the blame 推责任。 He not only broke the machine but (also) put the blame on me .

Also可省 put the blame on me as well

例如3. 你可用现金或支票付款。

You can pay either in cash or by check .

例如4. Both Frence and German are spoken in this region. region.地区 在这个区域说法文和德文。

Not only I but also they are angry with you . 不仅我就连他们也生你的气。

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Either you or I am (in the) right 不是你就是我对。

Neither my mother nor I was listening to the news on TV. 不是我妈妈也不是我再在收听电视新闻。

Mr.wang as will as the student was late for class. 王老师和学生一样迟到。

2. 从属连接词------引导名词子句或副词子句。

名词子句---- 由that 或whether/if 引导,在句中当主词,补语,受词。

例如 I know her name (我知道她的名字) That she is cathy(我知道她是凯西)

副词子句-由 when ,if 等连接词引导,和一般副词一样,表示时间,条件等 例如 It snows in winter (冬天会下雪。)

When winter comes (冬天来临会下雪。)

副词表示: 时间, 地点, 条件,原因,理由。这5点

特别注意副词子句的时态 主要子句 副词子句 现在时 现在时 过去时 过去时 未来时 现在时

例如1. I don't know if my parents will come back home tomorrow . 我不知道我的父母明天是会不会回家。

例如2. If my parents come back home tomorrow I'll call you (up). 如果我爸妈明天回来的话我会打电话给你。

(1) 名词子句----that +主词+动词

当主词

例如1. She will come 她回来 合并一句。

It is almost certain 几乎确定

She will come is almost certain。这样是不对的。

That she will come is almost certain .这样也可以但是外国人习惯用下面的句子 It is almost certain that she will come . 几乎是确定她要来。(外国人常这样说)

名词性从句详解及练习::谢孟媛初级文法视频(英语语法初级)第55课

(1) 名词子句----that +主词+动词

当主词

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例如1. She will come 她回来 合并一句。

It is almost certain 几乎确定

She will come is almost certain。这样是不对的。

That she will come is almost certain .这样也可以但是外国人习惯用下面的句子 It is almost certain that she will come . 几乎是确定她要来。(外国人常这样说)

小主词 小动词

例如2. That the world's climate is getting hotter is beyond any doubt。 (大主词) (大动词) 无庸质疑

全球气候的温暖化是无庸质疑的。

It is beyond any doubt that the world's climat is getting hotter . climat 气候 Weather天气 大主词

当补语-放be动词之后,当主词补语。Thet 不可省略 例如 麻烦的事是我身上没有钱。

The trouble is that have no money woith me 。 I don't have any money 我没有钱。 当受词- 放在一般动词当受词that 可以省

例如1. 他说他正考虑将办公室从台北搬到高雄

He says that he is thinking of moving his office from taipei to kaosiung.

例如2. 我真的不敢相信他已经犯了三次同样的错误。

I can't beileve (that) he has made the same mistake three times. 现在完成时 同样的错误......

*若有and , but 等连接两that 子句时,第一个that可省第二个that不可以省 例如 Mother said (that) you stayed home and that you had to do all

可省 不能省

妈妈说你待在家里并且说你必须做所有的家务。 当同为语

a rumor (谣传)that +S +V 及 news that +S +U 中的that 子句和a rumor/ news是同位

例如1. I heard the news that a new student would join our class, 我听到了个消息说有个新的同学要加入到我们班里。

(2)名词子句 if / whether是否+主词+动词当主词

大主词是否

例如 Whether he will come or not makes no difference . 他是否能来是没有差别的。 Whether 当主词 时不能用if 第三人称加S NO后面接名词 It makes no difference whenther he will come (or not) 当补语

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例如 The question is whether I should buy it or rent it 不能用if

时间、地点和原因状语从句:谢孟媛初级文法视频(英语语法初级)第56课

当受词==whether +主词S +动词V当受词 可以等于If +S+V

例如 He asked me if /whether it would be fine tomorrow . 他问我明天是否天气晴朗 因为asked 是过去式所以要用would 如果asks 要用will (3) 表示时间的副词子句

After 之后 Until 直到 As soon as . 一什么~~就什么 As 当什么时候. Till. 直到 While. 当什么时候 Before 之前 When. 当什么时候 Since.. 自从

例如1. 在我告诉你们答案之后,请大声的跟我读一遍。

After I tell you the anwers , please repeat them after me loudly. Repeat 重复

例如2. 在进中国人的屋子前,先脱掉鞋子是个习俗。

It is a custom to take off the shoes before you go into a chinese man's house

例如3. 以350度来加热饼干直到显现淡棕色

Heat the cookies at 350 degrees until they turn light brown .

例如4. 当你吃药时务必照下述医生指示。 directions 指示 below.下面 When you take madicine, be sure to follow the dactor's directions below. 例如5. While I was sleeping , there was noise outside. 时间副词放前面

两个句子中间一定要有逗点。 There was noise outside while I was sleeping . 时间副词也可以放在后面 When my dad came back .I was sleeping .

*While 所引导的从属子句常使用进行时。 When引导的是过去时。所以不能代替。

(4) 表示地点的副词子句==由 where 引导

例如1. where there is a will there is a way . 有志者 事竟成。 意志

例如2. put it back where it was . 放回原处

(5) 表示原因,理由的副词子句==because(最强). Since(弱) . as(最弱) 引导

Because 和 so 不可同时出现。

例如 因为我非常累了,所以我没有去。exhausted 筋疲力尽的;精疲力竭的 very tired 很累

Because I was exhausted ,I didn't go .

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I didn't go because I was exhausted . I was exhausted , so I didn't go

原因、条件、让步和目的状语从句:谢孟媛初级文法视频(英语语法初级)第57课 (5) 表示原因,理由的副词子句==because(最强). Since(弱) . as(最弱) 引导 Because 和 so 不可同时出现。

例如 因为我非常累了,所以我没有去。exhausted 筋疲力尽的;精疲力竭的 very tired 很累

Because I was exhausted ,I didn't go . I didn't go because I was exhausted . I was exhausted , so I didn't go

练习题。

例如1. 我总是喜欢到那家面包店买蛋糕,因为晚上8点后8折。 Bakery 面包店 I always like to buy cakes in that bakery because they are 20%off after eight in the evening。

twenty Percent 20%

例如2.因为室外天气宜人凉爽,我们在花园吃午餐。

We ate lunch in the garden since it was nice and cool outside.

例如3. 因为今天是星期天,公车上几乎没有学生。

There are few students on the bus as it is Sunday today. 名词复数

下面的情况必须用because 前用why 时。

例如1. Why is he absent? Because he is ill.. 为什么他缺席呢? 因为他生病了。

例如2. He is absent not because he is busy but he is ill. 他缺席不是因为他忙而是因为他病了。

(6)表示条件的副词子句==If 如果

例如1. 如果你继续吃速食不久你将尝到苦果。Bitter fruits 苦果before long不久 If you keep eating fast food ,you'll taste the bitter fruits before long.

(7) 表示(让步)的副词子句 though(随然) although(尽管,虽然) whether or not(无论是否)

例如1. Though Taiwan is small, I love it ,after all it is my homeland. 虽然台湾不大,但我很爱它,它毕竟是我的故乡。 After all 毕竟 It's

As (虽然) 副词 +as +S+V~~~~~, S+V~~~。 名词(前不加冠词)

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例如1. Although she is a teacher, she isn't patient with children. Patient n.病人a.耐心 虽然她是老师,但是他对小孩确没有耐心。 改成用as

Teacher as she is , she isn't patient with children.( 这句话比较古老的) famous 著名 例如2. whether it rains or not the final game will be played . final 最后,最终 不论是否下雨,比赛都会举行。 第三人称+S

(8)表示结果,目地的副词子句==so~~~that(如此~~以至于) so that(所以)

例如1.It was so heavy that we couldn't move it 这个很重我们搬不动。 改成

It was too heavy for us to move. Too~~~to 太怎么样不怎么样

例如2. It was such a co l hairstyle that I want to imitate it imitate 模仿 改成 好酷的发型,我想要模仿。

I was so cool a hairstyle that I want to imitate it

例如3. their house burned down so that they had nowhere to live. burned down 烧毁 因为他们的房子烧毁了所以他们没有地方住。

介绍介词的功能及学习表示时间的介词:谢孟媛初级文法视频(英语语法初级)第58课

谢孟媛初级文法第58集 Unit 7-1 介系词(英语介词),介绍英语介词的功能记学习表示时间的英语介词

介绍介系词的功能: (1) 当形容词==修饰名词

例如 look at the sentences on the blackboard. 黑板上的那个句子。 修饰名词 黑板上的

(2) 当副词==时间,地点, 条件,原因, 方法,

例如 write the sentences on the blackboard, 把句子写在黑板上。 地方副词

也可以 write the sentences down on the blackboard .

表示时间的介系词 (1) at / on / in (在)

At ----时刻,年龄,正午,半夜。At noon. At night .at the age of five 在5岁时候。 On ----特定的日期,星期---月---日 on my birthday In ----年,月,日, 期, 季节,早上, 下午,晚上。

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例如1.

I'll see her in the afternoon 我下午会和她见面。

I'll see she on the Sunday afternoon(特定) 我星期日下午会和她见面。

例如2.

We went to the zoo in july. 我们7月去过动物园。

We went to the zoo on july 3. 我们7月3 日去过动物园。

例如3.

They arrived in the moening .他们在早上到达。

They arrived on the moening of October10. 他们在10月10日早上到达。

例如4. She is in the age of 11. 她11岁。也可以 Eleven years old .

例如5. My English class begings at eight O'clock.. 我的英文课在8点开始, In spring . 我的英文在春天开始

时间名词前加Last, next this that 时不可再搭配介系词。

例如1 He's going to leave next week .他下星期要离开。

例如2. I've met him this moening . 我今天上午和他见面了。 (2) before (在~~~~之前) 在某时间之前。

by (在~~~~之前) 动作完成的期限最晚到10点

at exactly 请在10点到达。

例如1. please arrive by not later than O'clock 10. 请最晚10点到达。 Before earlier than 请在10点之前到达。

(3) in (经过~~之后) within(在~~~之内

in---表示经过的时间

within-表示在时间期限之内

例如1. 我过几天回来。 I'll be back in few day .

例如2 他一个小时之内回来。

He will come back within an hour. 也可以用be back

(4) for (持续)during (在~期间)

for ----表示动作或状态持续的时间长度。 During -----表示在某段时间当中

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例如1. they 'll stay for few days . 他们会停留几天。

例如2.I'll take him to that place during his stay. 在他停留期间我会带他去那个地方。 (5) from 从~~ /since从~~

from -----表示动作开始的时间点,常用于现在时,过去时,未来时

since -----表示动作从过去的某时间开始。持续到现在,常用于现在完成时。

例如1. He work from Monday to Friday.他工作从星期一到星期五。 例如2. I have been busy since yesterday. 我从昨天就很忙。

连接下一节课的内容: 表示地点的介系词 (1) at/ in

at ---表示确切的地点。 In---表示大范围的地点

例如1. The train stopped at taipei station . 火车停在台北车站。 例如2. this book is published in paris 这本书在巴黎出版。 被动词

表示地点的英语介词:谢孟媛初级文法视频(英语语法初级)第59课

Unit 7 Part 2 表示地点的英语介词,这一节是英语介词的第二节,主要表地点的英语介词。

(1) at/ in

at ---表示确切的地点。 In---表示大范围的地点

例如1. The train stopped at taipei station . 火车停在台北车站。 例如2. this book is published in paris 这本书在巴黎出版。 被动词 注意

In + 都市名,国家。 On + 街名。 At + 门牌号码。

例如1. He lives in taipei 他住在台北。 On Roosevenlt Road. 他住在罗斯福路 At 75 Roosevelt Road. 罗斯福路75号。

(2) On , above, Over (在~~~上)/ under , below(在~~下) On 表示一样东西只接触一样东西的部分表面。 Above - - 表示不接触而高于某表面 也可用 Over Over------表示接触到某表面的全部。

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Under 为 over 的相反词, below 为above 的相反词 On above Over On below Under

例如1. there is a book on the desk。 桌子上有一本书。 look at the picture on the wall, 看墙上的画。

There are several flies on the ceiling t天花板上有几只苍蝇。

例如2. She held an umberella over( =above) her daughter's head. 她拿着把伞在她女儿头上。

例如3. He spread a cloth over the table。 他在餐桌上铺了一块桌布。 例如4. The basketball is under the chair . 篮球在椅子底下。

例如5. There is usually a supermarket below a department store. 在百货店底下通常是超市。

(3) between , among (在~之间)

Between --- 在两者之间。

Among----在三者或三者以上之间。

例如1. Mr white sat btween his wife and daughter。 怀特先生坐在他和他的女儿之间。 例如2. She failed to find his littke brother among the crowd .她未能在人群中找到他的小弟弟。

(4) near (在附近),by(在~~旁),beside(在~~旁),around(在~四周)

By -表示前后,左右的位置关系。 Beside -表示左右的位置关系,

例如1. there is a good restaurant near my house . 我家附近有一家好吃的餐厅。 例如2. He was sitting by the window. 他正坐在窗边。

例如3. Noboay want to sit beside Nancy. 没有人想坐在南西的旁边。

例如4. There are many students around the tree. 在树的周围有许多的学生。

(5) in front of , in the front of (在~~之前)/ in back of , in the back of (在~~之后)

Behind (在~~之后)也是in front of 的相反词

例如1, There is a tall tree in front of the classroom. 教室前有一棵大树。

例如2.there is a blackboard in the front of the classroom。 教室前有一个黑板。 例如3.He stood behind his master。 他站在他的主人后面。

Behind (在~~之后)---表示时间,地点。 Before (在~~之前)---表示时间

例如 A car has stopped before the store 这句话不对

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In front of the store。 一辆车已经停在商店前。 (6) along (沿着),across(穿越) through(通过) 这是一条河

Along沿着河边

重要的英语介词:谢孟媛初级文法视频(英语语法初级)第60课

谢孟媛初级文法的第7单元第3部分,依然是学习常用的英语介词,这一部分学习重要的英语介词。

(8) into (向----里面), out of (在----之外)

例如1. Mary hurried into her room。 玛丽匆忙进入她的房间。 例如2. Jumped out of the bad. 我从床上跳起来。 重要的介系词

(1) in

1. 在----(地) Tom lives in News York。 汤姆住在纽约。

2. 在----(时) I have never seen snow in my life. 我一生不会看过雪。

3. 在----(时) 之后 She will get well in a week or so.大约一周之后她就会康复。 4. 用----(语言,材料) sign your name in English . 用英文签名。 5. 在----(状态中) I am always in good health . 我一直很健康。

6. 穿戴着~~ I don't like the man in the red tie . 我不喜欢那打工的红领带的男人.

(2) On

1. 在---上面 Don't sit on the floor 不要坐在地板上

2. 在---(时) I was born on O'ctober 3. 我出生在10 月3 日。 3. 在---(状态中) The house is on fire. 那房子在燃烧中。

4.关于---- Miss wang read a book on animale 王老师看了一本关于动物的书。 5. 依靠---- (方法,手段) Cinese live on rice 中国人以米食为生。

(3) at

1. 在---(地) I met him at the corner of the street 我在那条街的拐角处碰到他。 2. 在----(时) Our school begins at 8.20 我们从8点20 分开始上课。

3. 对准----目标 The boy threw the bone at the dog。男孩把骨头找那只狗丢去。 4. 听到, 看到。表原因 I was surprised at the news . 听到那稍息我很惊讶。 5. 以----(速度,温度,价格)I sold my car at a high price. 我高价卖掉我的车。

(4) for

1. ---之久表示时间 I have been here for three hours 我在这里等了3小时之久。 2. 以---而言 The girl is tall for her age . 就这女孩的年龄而言,她就算是高的。 3. 给----人 The present is for you 。 这个礼物给你的。

4. 前往 I took the train for keelung 我搭乘了往基隆的火车。

5. 由于。为了-表示原因 The town is famous for its old castle 这城镇以其古城堡而名。

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A-mei is famous for her good voice A-mei 以好桑子闻名。 As a singer A-mei 以歌手身份闻名。

(5) to

1. 到---地 All roads lead to Rome 条条马路通罗马。

2. 到---时 We stayed there to the end of may 我们在那里待到5月底。 3. 对----表动作的对象 listen to me 听我说。 4. 为了---表目的 to your health 祝你健康。

(6)with

1. 和---一起 Mix the sugar with the eggs . (将糖加入鸡蛋中搅拌)

2. 用----工具 He cut down the tree with an ax。 他用斧头砍下那颗树。 3. 附有---- I saw a house with a red roof。我看见一间红色屋顶的房子。 4 关于------ What's the matter with you ? 你怎么了?

5. 在----身上/ 手上 I have little money with me 我身上只有一点点钱。

6. 随着----- languages grow and change with time. 语言随着时间成长和改善。

(7) of

1.---的 The door of the room is open 房间的门开着。

2. ---当中的 She is one of the members。 他是会员之一。

3. 以----构成 She is wearing a dress of silk, 她穿着真丝的服装。

The desk is made of wood of 是没有化学变化

Wine is made from grapes. From 是有化学的变化

4.----之量 I drank a cup of coffee at breakfast .早餐时我喝了一杯咖啡。

(8) by

1. 在----旁边 The house is by the roadside. 那房子在路旁。 2. 被---- She was bitten by dog. 她被狗咬了。

3. 用---- 方式,手段 I made money by selling fruit. 我靠卖水果赚钱。

4. 不晚于----期限 I have to be home by ten O'clock.。 十点前我必须到家。 5.乘坐~~~交通工具 We go to school by bus=(on a bus ) 我们乘公交车上学。 6. 以----为准 What time is it by your watch? 你的现在几点? 7. 只差-----表程度 He is older than I by two years . He is two years older than I 他比我大两岁。

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A-mei is famous for her good voice A-mei 以好桑子闻名。 As a singer A-mei 以歌手身份闻名。

(5) to

1. 到---地 All roads lead to Rome 条条马路通罗马。

2. 到---时 We stayed there to the end of may 我们在那里待到5月底。 3. 对----表动作的对象 listen to me 听我说。 4. 为了---表目的 to your health 祝你健康。

(6)with

1. 和---一起 Mix the sugar with the eggs . (将糖加入鸡蛋中搅拌)

2. 用----工具 He cut down the tree with an ax。 他用斧头砍下那颗树。 3. 附有---- I saw a house with a red roof。我看见一间红色屋顶的房子。 4 关于------ What's the matter with you ? 你怎么了?

5. 在----身上/ 手上 I have little money with me 我身上只有一点点钱。

6. 随着----- languages grow and change with time. 语言随着时间成长和改善。

(7) of

1.---的 The door of the room is open 房间的门开着。

2. ---当中的 She is one of the members。 他是会员之一。

3. 以----构成 She is wearing a dress of silk, 她穿着真丝的服装。

The desk is made of wood of 是没有化学变化

Wine is made from grapes. From 是有化学的变化

4.----之量 I drank a cup of coffee at breakfast .早餐时我喝了一杯咖啡。

(8) by

1. 在----旁边 The house is by the roadside. 那房子在路旁。 2. 被---- She was bitten by dog. 她被狗咬了。

3. 用---- 方式,手段 I made money by selling fruit. 我靠卖水果赚钱。

4. 不晚于----期限 I have to be home by ten O'clock.。 十点前我必须到家。 5.乘坐~~~交通工具 We go to school by bus=(on a bus ) 我们乘公交车上学。 6. 以----为准 What time is it by your watch? 你的现在几点? 7. 只差-----表程度 He is older than I by two years . He is two years older than I 他比我大两岁。

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