2017 牛津译林英语 7B 语法专题一 基数词和序数词

Unit 1 Dream homes 语法专题一 基数词和序数词

A 基数词和序数词

英语中的数词分为基数词和序数词两类。表示数目的词是基数词；表示数目的词是序数词。 B基数词的构成 1 one 16 sixteen 31 thirty-one 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty twenty-one twenty-two twenty-three twenty-four twenty-five twenty-six twenty-seven twenty-eight twenty-nine thirty 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 101 123 1,000 1,001 2.235 forty fifity sixty seventy eighty ninety 0ne hundred one hundred and one one hundred and twenty-three one thousand one thousand and one two thousand, two hundred and thirty-five 注意：1 21-99之间的各数词，在十位数和个位数之间加连字符“-” 2 在101 和999之间的数词，在百位数hundred后应 C 教你巧学巧记巧读100以内的基数词 基数词不难记，整十以后有-ty 找清规律很容易，要说“几十几” 二十以内词各异，中间“-”莫忘记 十三到十九尾相同，后加teen莫忘记 hundred是一百，请你记住莫大意。 从右向左三逗开， 一逗千thousand，二逗百万million， 三逗就是十万万(billion十亿）， 左右三位分开读， 保你又快又喜欢 例如： 327：three handred and twenty-seven 508：five hundred and eight

60,808: sixty thousand, eight hundred and eight

1,234,567: one million, two hundred and thirty-four thousand, five hundred and sixty-seven 13,000,000,000: thirteen billion

D基数词的用法

1 在句子中的主要作用 1）作主语

Two of them joined the army last year. 去年他们当中有两人参了军 2）作宾语

Give her one, please. 请给她一个 3）作定语

There are forty-eight students in their class. 他们班有四十八位学生 4）作表语

She is only thirteen. 她只有十三岁

2 基数词也可以表示顺序和编号，通常用数字表示，放在“房间”、“页”、“章”、或“电话号码”等名词后面。如：

Room 406: room four o six 第406房间 Page 40：page forty 第四十页

编号时也可以用序数词表示，如：the first lesson=Lesson One

序数词的构成：

基数词变为序数词绝大多数是直接加-th, 但有少数变化是不规则的。 序数词变化规律巧记：

一二三，特别记，其余后加-th

八去t, 九去e, f要将ve替，y变为ie，然后再加-th; “几十几”面前要注意，个位序数要牢记。 注意：

1）first, second, third无规律，需要特别记

2）Eight的序数词，是去t，再加-th,即eighth, 读作： [e?tθ] 3）nine, 要去e再加-th即ninth

4) 以ve结尾的基数词，如five, twelve, 要把ve变成f再加-th, 即fifth, twelfth

5) “几十”是以y结尾，先将y变为ie，再加-th，如：twentieth, fortieth, ninetieth等

6）“几十几”只将个位数变为序数词，十位数不变。如：“第56”fifty-sixth; “第九十九”ninety-ninth第

另外，序数词缩写时，用阿拉伯数字，后加序数词的最后两个字母构成。如：first=1st; eighth=8th; twenty-second=22nd; ninety-third=93rd. 序数词的用法： 1作主语

The first is better than the second. 第一个比第二个更好 2 作宾语

I like the third. 我喜欢第三个 3作定语

Tell us something about the second day, please. 请给我们谈谈第二天的情况吧。 4 作表语

Miss Green is always the first to get to the office.

格林小姐总是第一个到达办公室。 注意：

序数词一般要加定冠词the, 但有时加不定冠词a(n), 则表示“再一”，“又一”的意思。例如：He eats his net fir a third time. 他又撒了一网（表示已经撒过两次）。

巩固练习

一、根据句意或括号内所给的数字用正确的数词形式填空

1 There are _______(三) bikes over there. The _______(三) one is for you. 2 The building has floors. My office is on the _______(十) floor.

3 There are _______ days in a week. Monday is the _______ day.

4 She is very good at English, so she often comes _______(第一) in the English exam. 5 He’ll go to Beijing on the _______(二十) of June.

6 Tomorrow is my father’s _______(四十) birthday. I’d like to buy him a present. 7 Every year, _________ (百万）of people donate money to the Hope Project. 8 Today is Mary’s _________(十二岁）birthday. We will go to her birthday party. 9 Can the little boy write the numbers from ___________ （零）to thirty? 10 The building is over 1, 200_________（英尺）tall. 11 The ________ (five) talent show gave us a big surprise. 12 It is the ________ (one) time for me to go the USA.

13 Kate lives on the ______ (nine) floor of that tall building.

14 It will be my cousin’s _______ （第二十三个）birthday next week.

15 They will plant about five ________（千）trees in and around the town next year. 16 There are more than two __________（百万）people in this small town.

Keys: 1-5 three, third; tenth; seven, second; first; twentieth; 1-6 fortieth; millions; twelfth; zero; feet; 11-15 fifth; first; ninth; twenty-third; thousand 16 million

二、单选选择

1 There are many birds ____ the tree with many apples ____ it. A on; on B in; in C in; on D on; in 2 His aunt went to America _____May, 1960. A from B in C on D at

3 There is a new railway ______ your city _____ ours.

A among; and B between; and C of; and D in; and 4 The boat is passing _____ the bridge.

A below B through C over D under 5 ____ your help, I can’t finish my work easily. A With B Without C Under D Below 6 ____ people died in the earthquake.

A Two thousands B Thousand of C Two thousands of D Thousands of 7 How can we read 1, 230?

A One thousand and two hundred and thirty B One thousand, two hundred and thirty C One thousand, two hundreds and thirty D One thousand and two hundred, thirty 8 This is _____ English class. I hope you enjoy English.

A our the first B the our first C our first D first the our 9 --We will have a school trip next week.

--That sounds _____ I’m sure we will have a good time there. A well B badly C bad D good

10 He can’t see the blackboard clearly, so he sits _____ the classroom. A in front of B behind C in the front of D above

11 Meimei is going to be an elder sister. Her parents are planning to have their ____ child. A one B two C first D second 12 --Have you heard of TFBOYS?

--Certainly. About ______ teenagers love them very much in our school.

A hundreds B two hundreds of C two hundreds D two hundred

13 Li Ming will be ______. His parents are going to have a party for his _____ birthday.

A sixteen; sixteenth B sixteenth; sixteenth C sixteen; sixteen D sixteenth; sixteen 14 --How long is the bridge? --It’s _____.

A 300-metre-long B 300-metres long C 300 metres long D 300 metre long Keys: 1-5 CBBBB 6-10 DBCDC 11-14 DDAC

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