郑景婷2011强化讲义（写作） - 图文

北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

Writing (30%)

Part One Composition (20%)

I. Insights into Testing Ideas 1. What is Required? 1)

2)

2. How to Analyse the Situation and Task? 1) 2)

3. How to Be Well Prepared? 1998 Directions:

A. Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay in no less than 150 words. B. Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET II. C. Your essay should meet the requirements below: 1. Write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon. 2. Give your comments

1999

Directions:

A. Study the following graphs carefully and write an essay in at least 150 words. B. Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ. C. Your essay should cover these three points:

1. effect of the country's growing human population on its wildlife 2. possible reasons for the effect 3. your suggestion for wildlife protection

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北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

2000

Directions:

A. Study the following two pictures carefully and write and essay of at least 150 words. B. Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. C. Your essay should meet the requirements below: 1. Describe the pictures.

2. Deduce the purpose of the drawer of the pictures. 3. Suggest counter-measures.

2001

Directions:

Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has his/her own understanding of it.

There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the

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北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

newspaper to

1) show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below, 2) give a specific example, and

3) give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.

You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

2002 Directions:

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled ―Cultures—National and International‖.

In the essay you should

1) describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and 2) give your comment on the phenomenon.

You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

An American girl in traditional Chinese costume（服装）

2003

Directions:

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北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

Study the following drawings carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the set of drawings, Interpret its meaning, and

2) point out its implications in our life.

You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

2004

Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the drawing. 2) interpret its meaning, and.

3) support your view with examples.

You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)

2005

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.

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北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

2006 Directions:

Study the following photos carefully and write an essay of 160~200 words in which you should

. describe the photos briefly,

2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and 3. give your point of view.

注：Beckham（贝克汉姆）——英国足球明星

把崇拜写在脸上 花300元做个“小贝头”

2007

52. Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1) describing the drawing briefly,

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北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

2) explain its intended meaning, and the then 3) support your view with an example / examples.

You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

2008

Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1) describe the drawing briefly,

2) explain its intended meaning, and then

3) give your comments.

You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

2009

52. Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1) describe the drawing briefly,

2) explain its intended meaning, and then

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北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

3) give your comments.

You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

网络的“近”与“远”

2010

52. Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1) describe the drawing briefly,

2) explain its intended meaning, and then

3) give your comments.

You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

文化“火锅”，既美味又营养

II. What is a Good Composition?

1. In Terms of the English Language

Passage - 7 –

北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

Paragragh Language Error

2. In Terms of the Entrance Examination For Graduation Study

写作：A节10分，B节20分，共30分。 (一)评分原则和方法

1． 一般评分标准适用于A、B两节。但根据两节不同的考查要点，评分时会有不同的侧重点。

A节

本部分评分的重点在于信息表达的全面、准确、恰当。主要包括信息点的覆盖是否全面，语篇结构和格式是否正确，语言表达是否准确，语域是否恰当等方面。对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据试题的具体情况作出相应规定。 B节

B节作文的评分重点在于内容的完整性、文章的组织连贯性、语法结构和词汇的多样性及语言的准确性。

2． 评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来给分。评分人员在档内有

1~3分的调节分。

3． A 节作文的字数要求是100词左右或80~100词。B节作文的字数要求是160~200词。文章长度不符

合要求的，酌情扣分。

4． 拼写与标点符号是反映语言准确性的一个方面。评分时，要视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美

拼写及词汇用法均可接受。

5． 如书写较差，以至影响读者理解，将分数降低一个档次。

(二) 一般评分标准 第五档 A节 (9~10分) B节 (17~20分) 很好地完成了试题规定的任务。 ? ? ? ? ? 包含所有内容要点； 使用丰富的语法结构和词汇； 语言自然流畅，语法错误极少； 有效地采用了多种衔接手法，文字连贯，层次清晰； 格式与语域恰当贴切。 对目标读者*完全产生了预期的效果。（*即语言接受对象） - 8 –

北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

第四档 A节 (7~8分) B节 (13~16分) 较好地完成了试题规定的任务。 ? ? ? ? ? 第三档 A节 (5~6分) B节 (9~12分) 包含所有内容要点，允许漏掉一、两个次重点； 使用较丰富的语法结构和词汇； 语言基本正确，只有在试图使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇时才有个别错误； 采用了适当的衔接手法，层次清晰，组织较严密； 格式与语域较恰当。 对目标读者产生了预期的效果。 基本完成了试题规定的任务。 ? ? ? ? ? 第二档 A节 (3~4分) B节 (5~8分) 第一档 A节 (1~2分) B节 (1~4分) 虽漏掉一些内容，但包含多数内容要点； 应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的需求； 有一些语法及词汇错误，但不影响理解； 采用了简单的衔接手法，内容较连贯，层次较清晰； 格式与语域基本合理。 对目标读者基本产生了预期的效果。 未能按要求完成试题规定的任务。 ? ? ? ? ? 漏掉或未能有效阐述一些内容要点，写了一些无关内容； 语法结构单调、词汇项目有限； 有较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解； 未采用恰当的衔接手法，内容缺少连贯性； 格式和语域不恰当。 未能清楚地传达信息给读者。 未完成试题规定的任务。 ? ? ? ? ? 明显遗漏主要内容，且有许多不相关的内容； 语法项目和词汇的使用单调、重复； 语言错误多，有碍读者对内容的理解，语言运用能力差； 未采用任何衔接手法，内容不连贯；缺少组织、分段； 无格式与语域概念。 未能传达信息给读者 零档(0分) 所传达的信息或使用语言太少，无法评价；内容与要求无关或无法辨认。

III. Organization and Structure 1. In Terms of the English Language Words Sentences - 9 –

北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

Paragraghs

2. In Terms of the Entrance Examination for Graduate Study 1)

As can be seen from the picture, cultural exchange has become prevailing across the world. In this picture, an American girl who is wearing a Chinese traditional costume is sweetly smiling, which is indicative of the fact that national culture becomes international when it is accepted by people from other cultures. Other than the field of costume, cultural communication has permeated into a host of other fields, ranging from arts to the notion of economy. Accordingly, Chinese culture has been stepping into the lives of foreigners.

Why has cultural exchange got such unprecedented popularity? There are, on my part, three reasons that could account for it. In the first place, the convenience of modern transportation means enables people to travel abroad as easily as to travel to neighboring cities. In the second place, people could get the updated news happening overseas virtually the moment it takes place thanks to the modern mass media. In the final analysis, the invention and the application of information technology, such as Internet, has greatly changed human‘s way of communication. It accelerates the process of cultural exchange and provides more objective description of other cultures.

From what has been discussed above, we may safely come to the conclusion that cultural exchange has been playing an increasingly important role in people‘s life. With the rapid growth of economy, people are eager to know the culture of other peoples. With the development of science and technology, other cultures are accessible. It is believed that people will hardly feel surprised when cultural exchange takes place, for the earth will have become a global village then. (266 words) 2)

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北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

As is shown in the above picture, there is an increasing amount of cultural exchange taking

place throughout the world. In the picture, an American girl wearing a Chinese traditional costume is sweetly smiling, which indicates / shows / displays that Chinese culture has been accepted by people from other cultures. It can be drawn from the daily life that besides costume, cultural communication has entered into many other fields, such as music, movies, values and notions. Consequently, Chinese culture has been welcome by a host of foreigners. Chinese national culture has become international. To make it clear, several examples could illustrate this point. At first, many foreign students choose to study in China and learn Chinese culture, such as Chinese Kongfu, music, painting, cooking and even the language. What is more, some Chinese scholars have been invited to lecture on Chinese culture in other countries. Last but not least, Chinese culture has been fashionable in the world. It is believed that dresses in Chinese style and with Chinese ornaments are smart.

All in all, it can be concluded that cultural exchange has gradually changed people‘s lives. On the one hand, people long to know other cultures. On the other hand, cultural exchange has been achieved by means of the development of science and technology. It is predicted that there will be more and more cultural exchange and in the near future there will be a global village in the real sense. (242 words) 3)

As we can see from the picture, cultural exchange has been increasingly important in people‘s daily life. In the picture, an American girl wearing a Chinese traditional costume is smiling sweetly. This indicates / shows / displays that Chinese culture has been welcome by people from other cultures. Wherever we go, whatever we do, whomever we come across, we may find that cultural communication has become a hot issue concerned about by many people. In a word, cultural exchange has entered into our life.

Cultural exchange has influenced many fields. Firstly, as the picture shows, it has great impact on costumes. Secondly, it leads many new words to appear in our vocabulary. These new words are mostly borrowed from English. Thirdly, medicine is an important field that is influenced by cultural exchange. Many hospitals nowadays in China have adopted the way of combining Western Medicine and Chinese traditional medicine to treat patients. Chinese traditional medicine is, moreover, popular with a lot of foreigners.

All in all, cultural exchange is of vital importance to human. It is one of the most powerful forces to change the world. Only when such words as ?national‘ and ?international‘ no longer exist can human build up the global village. If people contributed to cultural exchange, there would be a better and more beautiful world ahead. (220 words) 4) From the set of pictures, we may safely draw a conclusion that children who are overprotected by adults will surely not acquire the knowledge and skills to confront difficulties and overcome them. In the first drawing, a flower is blooming in a greenhouse. It indicates that a child might grow up smoothly under the protection of adults. In the second picture, however, it withers and dies out when it is placed in the open, which shows that without harbor, the kids may lose the capability to live, or at least to survive. In a word, these two pictures reveal a problem in

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北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

education in China.

Why do adults overprotect Chinese children? A couple of reasons could account for it. For one thing, owing to one-child policy, parents expect too much of their own children. They do virtually / practically everything for kids, even some trivial things, which may spoil the children. For another, teaching nowadays in China is largely / mostly a test-oriented one, which may discourage children‘s initiatives. They learn what something is rather than why it is, let alone how it is. Therefore, children gradually lose the ability to learn or adapt themselves to the changing world. As to how to solve the problem, several tentative suggestions are as follows. Firstly, parents need to realize that children will learn only through practice and doing by themselves. Secondly, teachers need to understand that students should learn how to do well instead of what to do only. Thirdly, the whole society should build up a climate / an atmosphere that children who undergo hardship can manage to overcome difficulties on their own. Only in this way can the flower in the picture ignore the storm. (285 words) 5)

It is shown in the set of pictures that children overprotected by adults will surely not learn the knowledge and skills to face and overcome difficulties. The first drawing indicates that a flower is blooming in a greenhouse. It is clear that everything may go smoothly with the child under the protection of adults. In the second picture, on the other hand, it withers and dies out when it is washed by the storm, which shows that without protection, the kids may be ignorant of how to solve the problem. In short, these two pictures highlight a serious problem in education in China. There are a couple of examples that could illustrate this point. On the one hand, parents tend to do virtually / practically everything for kids in the hope that children can concentrate on their study. This may spoil the children. On the other hand, teachers nowadays in China often teach students how to get a good mark in the test instead of way of thinking. This may ruin children‘s courage and confidence. They learn some knowledge by heart while failing to have a good command of skills to solve problems. Therefore, children can hardly manage to adapt themselves to the changing world.

Something needs to be done to resolve this problem. In the first place, parents ought to understand that only through practice and doing by themselves will children learn. In the second place, teachers ought to be aware that students should be taught how to think and how to solve the problem on their own. Thirdly, the whole society should realize that nothing is more valuable than experience when it comes to learning. Only in this way can the flower in the picture bravely confront the storm. (290 words) 6)

As the pictures show, children are overprotected by adults in China nowadays, which is harmful to the future of the nation. In the first picture, a flower is blooming in a greenhouse. It implies that a child well grows up with the protection of adults. In the second picture, nevertheless, it withers and dies out when placed outdoors, which shows that without shielding, the kids may have no idea about how to solve the problem by themselves. In a word, these two

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北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

pictures make it clear that a serious problem in education has arisen.

The problem is common in China. At first, parents often do virtually / practically everything for kids, hoping that children can focus on their study only. Children may be lazy and unable to conduct tasks on their own. Moreover, teachers also teach students knowledge but ignore the skills to solve the problem, which may lead to the absence of confidence in themselves. Finally, hardly anybody still attach importance to merits cultivating and the skills of communicating. Therefore, children may find it hard to adapt themselves to the changing world.

It is necessary that something should be done to resolve this problem. On the one hand, children should be encouraged to think without intervention of adults. On the other hand, the whole society should build up an environment that is able to foster the favorable personalities of children, such as bravery, humility, perseverance and so forth. Only in this way can the flower in the picture flourish, whether it is protected or not. (256 words)

IV. Language

1. Expansion of Senetences

eg：我认为阅读经典对我们是非常有用的。

Step 1：I think it is very important for us to read classics。 Step 2：__________ to be very important to read classics. Step 3：It is __________ that reading classics is very important.

(believe, accept, consider, reckon, agree, acknowledge)

Step 4： It is __________ acknowledged that reading classics is __________ important for us. (widely, commonly, universally) (fairly, essentially, extremely, significantly)

Step 5：It is universally acknowledged that reading classics is significantly __________ for us. (good, helpful, rewarding) Step 6：It is universally acknowledged that reading __________ is significantly rewarding for us.

(the wisdom/ the thoughts and ideas of the great people.)

2. Useful Phrases

1) 描写现象

It is a common sense that…

It is a common belief that…nowadays, There is a public debate today that…

The phenomenon of…has aroused great public concern in China recently. There is a growing tendency of…nowadays.

There is a sharp decline (increase) in…in recent few years. …. according to a recent survey. 2) 分析原因

The reason for…lies in the fact that…

A number / host / couple of factors / reasons could account for this. One of the most important reasons is…

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北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

Why …?

3) 进行举例

To make it clear, …may serve as a good example / illustration. A good case in point is… For example,… For instance,… 4) 进行列举

Firstly, … Secondly, … Thirdly, …

At first, … What is more / Furthermore / Moreover / In addition / Besides this, … Lastly / Last but not least / Finally, …

In the first place, … In the second place, … In the final analysis, … 5) 进行对比

On the one hand, … On the other hand, … For one thing, … For another, … 6) 点明结果

Therefore / As a result / Accordingly / Consequently / Thus / Hence / As a consequence, … 7) 进行总结、结论、建议

On the whole / In short / In a word / In conclusion / To conclude / In brief / In summary / At length, …

From what has been discussed above, we may safely come to the conclusion that… Taking into account all the facts concerned, we can say that… It is necessary that immediate measures should be taken to… Undoubtedly, adequate attention should be paid to… Maybe such problems can be solved this way.

3. Variation of Sentences

1)

eg 1. People throughout the country have greatly demanded all kinds of nutritious food. ________________________________ across the country for all kinds of nutritious food. eg 2. People are very much worried about irresponsible over-fishing around the globe.

__________________________________ irresponsible over-fishing around the globe. eg 3. No one deny that automobiles are indications of civilization, progress and development; nevertheless, automobiles cause the serious problem of air pollution

__________________________________ that automobiles are indications of civilization, progress and development; nevertheless, automobiles cause the serious problem of air pollution. 2)

eg 1：a) Many people think Family-Planning is quite necessary in China.

b) It is widely (commonly, universally) thought /believed /held /accepted/acknowledged) that Family-Planning is quite necessary in China.

eg 2. In the United States, to call someone very early in the morning is not customary.

In the United States, _______________________________________________. - 14 –

北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

3)

eg 1：It is high time that we attached more importance to this issue.

eg 2：It is necessary that he (should) sort out the information for my reference. eg 3：It is requested that all members be present at the party. 4)

eg 1.a) We should pay more attention to the protection of the environment.

b) the protection of the environment. eg 2.a) Students should certainly make continuous efforts.

b) are certainly required. eg 3.a) We easily drew the conclusion through the investigation.

b) .

4. Shining Points 1. Words

1) 尽量使用大词

accommodate = meet the needs of; gear to = adjust to; indispensable / fundamental / vital / essential / key = important; increasingly = more and more; an increasing number (amount)of = more and more; greatly = very much; indicate / be indicative of = mean 2) 每段T和C使用主题词，D使用代词； 2. Sentence

1) however等adv.放在句子中间；

He is, however, young…

He, however, breaks the law…

2) 使用虚拟语气: if, without, but for, it is time that

If… were/did…, would

Without…, would But for…, would

3) 倒装句： Only…will + S； 4) 每段D的主语保持一致； 5) 长短句交替使用； 6) adv. + v. ；

7) 特殊标点；

8) 使用现在完成时和现在进行时； 9）be ＋ of ＋ n ＝ be ＋ adj. ； 10）非限定定语从句的使用：which；

3. 客观性

1) 形式主语 it：it is thought that = people often think that； 2) hardly = not；few, little = no; 3) one of ＋ 最高级

4) virtually / practically / almost + 绝对词 5) may / might / could / be able to = can

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北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

6) enable sb. to do = make…; 7) need to / ought to = should

8) most / many / all / few / some (people)

V. Exercises 1.

Directions

Write an article to an English newspaper discussing laid- off and re-employment in China. In your article you should

1) describe briefly the present situation of unemployment, 2) analyze the causes of it, 3) give advice on re-employment.

You should write about 200 words nearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

The phenomenon of unemployment has aroused great public concern in China in recent

years. According to a recent survey, in Beijing alone there have been 12.36% workers who have been out of work in the last two years. The trend has been catching on. When people chat with each other, when they turn on the television and when they read the newspaper, they may find that unemployment in China is becoming a hot issue. A number of factors could account for the phenomenon. Firstly, with the development and growth of science and technology and with the progress of society, a workforce with updated knowledge and skills are needed. Those who can hardly meet the needs of society lose their jobs. Secondly, an increasing number of machines have taken the place of some work so that some workers have no work to do and are laid off. Thirdly, it is time that the country shifted from planned economy to market-oriented economy.

Some measures should be taken to reemploy the unemployed. On the one hand, the country needs to open up sufficient opportunities to those who are in bad need of work according to their respective skills. On the other hand, those who are unemployed need to take up lifelong learning to update their knowledge in order to reposition themselves. Only in this way can the issue of unemployment be solved in a reasonable and rational way. (235 words)

2.

Directions:

What style of living do you prefer? Write an essay based on the following outline. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. 1）有些人愿意同父母生活在一起。 2）有些人愿意独立生活。 3）你的观点

Living with parents has a couple of advantages. Firstly, there is no need for you to cook for yourself. Secondly, you may use the washing machine at home, which is labor-saving. Thirdly,

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北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

you may take time looking after parents. Consequently, some people speak favorably of living with parents.

On the other hand, living alone also brings some benefits to us and our lives. In the first place, people may make friends with whomever they think are suitable to themselves. In the second place, they may stay up as late as they like. In the final analysis, there is less conflict or generation gap between parents and children since they meet with each other occasionally, which may be helpful to the improvement of the relationship between them. Accordingly, living alone has won support from other people.

From the discussion above, we can see that both living with parents and living alone have their respective advantages. As to how to make a choice between them, several points should be made clear. To begin with, we should examine closely the actual situation. What is more, we need to weigh their risks and benefits in the actual situation. Finally, we need to be aware that whatever we choose, we need to make the most of its advantages while avoid it disadvantage. Only in this way can we achieve the most and the best of our goal. (229 words)

3.

Directions:

Write an essay that conveys the information in the following chart accompanied by your comments. You should write about 200 words nearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Annual Payment of a Chinese Company

Rank Manager Supervisor Assembly worker Total

Number 25 65 70 160 Wages paid ($) 1,500,000 1,950,000 700,000 4,150,000 As can be seen from the table, there is difference in the annual payment of a Chinese company between managers, supervisors and assembly workers. On the one hand, managers, who constitute the lowest percentage of the total number of staff, receive the highest average amount of wages. On the other hand, assembly workers, who make up the highest percentage of the total number of staff, receive the lowest average amount of wages. In short, the table implies that the more professional knowledge a person possesses, the higher wages he or she may get. A couple of reasons could account for this. Firstly, the economy of the China has been shifting from being labor-intensive to being technique-intensive in order to keep pace with that of other countries. Secondly, knowledge has been attached greater importance to than ever before. Thirdly, it is realized that brain, rather than body, is the most important might to propel the society to proceed on. From what has been discussed above, we may safely come to the conclusion that brain outweighs body in economy. With China‘s entry the WTO and with the growth of Chinese

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北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

economy, talents with professional knowledge and skills are increasingly valued. It is believed that the wages of managers would be higher and higher in the near future. (215 words) 4.

Directions:

As is shown in the following chart, cases on the issues of intellectual property have been on the rise over the past few years. Write an essay that conveys the information in the chart accompanied by your comments.

You should write about 200 words nearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

As is shown in the above chart, cases on the issues of intellectual property have been on the

rise over the past few years. In 1998, the number of cases was 3996 across the country. In 2000, it rose to 4790. In 2002, it soared to 5649. This indicates that as the society goes on people are increasingly aware of protecting their intellectual property. Why has intellectual property been attached greater importance to over the past years? On the one hand, with the growth of economy and with the development of society, intellectual property has come into being in China. It has permeated into all walks of life. On the other hand, people are increasingly becoming law-conscious. They realize that it law that could protect their basic rights, including intellectual property. Therefore, the number of cases on the issues of intellectual property has been increasing. All in all, intellectual is of greater importance than ever before and people are gradually turning to lawsuit to protect themselves. Only when there is no such notion as ?intellectual property‘ can we be relieved from the anxiety of being invaded in terms of intellectual property. It is believed that the number of cases on the issues of intellectual property would be increasing in the future. (211 words) 5.

Directions:

Look at the following chart provided by the provincial consumers‘ association. Write an essay to illustrate the information of the chart accompanied by your comments. You should write about 200 words nearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

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北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

As we can see from the above chart provided by the provincial consumers‘ association, some trends can be drawn. On the one hand, in terms of classification, the top percentage of complaints in 2002 is quality of products and service, which accounts for 59.54% while the lowest one is regarding advertising, 1.06%. On the other hand, in terms of variety, the three top percentage are articles, service and electrical utensils, which respectively account for 28.91%, 27.35% and 22.25% while the lowest one goes to agricultural production resources, 1.19%. This indicates that the quality of products and service has aroused great public concern.

Why has the quality of products and service been emphasized? Firstly, some manufacturers made inferior products and even overprice them to get as much profit as possible. Therefore, the number of these products is sharply increasing, which affects the normal life of people. Secondly, people are more aware of turning to lawsuit to protect their own rights than ever before. Thirdly, many such cases have achieved success, which encourages people to turn to the law to protect themselves.

All in all, the quality of products and service has become a hot issue in nowadays China. It is time that something needs to be done to solve the problem. For one thing, government needs to enforce the law concerned with quality. For another, manufacturers need to give priority to quality of products rather than pursue profits only. Only in this way will such complaints be fewer and fewer and will the quality of products and service be improved. (260 words) 6.

Directions:

The World Consumer Right Day round the corner. Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay in about 200 words.

Your essay should meet the requirements below: 1) Writer out the message conveyed by the cartoon. 2) Give your comments.

You should write about 200 words nearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

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北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

As can be seen from the picture, the right of consumer has become a serious problem. In this picture, the consumer seemingly receives the warm-hearted services given by a seller and a manufacturer on March 15th—the World Consumer Right Day. This is, however, just only a service of one day. It can be drawn from the conduct of the seller and producer that they hardly value the consumer right but this special day. In a word, the right of consumer is ignored to some extent.

What has contributed to this problem? A couple of reasons could account for it. For one thing, owing to advertising their commodities, some sellers or makers use commercial activities to attract attention of mass media. They compel consumers to accept their ―good‖ services, regardless of consumers‘ demand, which is nothing but a show. For another, for the sake of high profits many immoral sellers often desert consumers‘ interests. As a result of this, they concern how many people purchase their commodities rather than who do, let alone whether or not they have threatened consumer right. Therefore, consumers are always at a disadvantage.

It is necessary that something should be done to resolve this problem. To begin with, consumers need to realize that they should bravely protect their own rights. Secondly, sellers and makers need to be aware that without consumers‘ rights there will not be their profits in the long run. Last but not least, the whole society ought to strengthen the system of supervision via permanent efforts. Only in this way, will everyday be the World Consumer Right Day in the real sense.

As is known in the above picture, we may safely draw a conclusion that there are many dishonest phenomena existing among manufacturers, sellers, and consumers. In the picture, a consumers is being pushed to a chair on which a crown is lying. Although the manufacturer and seller are of great enthusiasm, the consumer, however, is shivering all the time. This indicates that this phenomenon is abnormal in our daily life, and the consumers are only served as God on the day which is called ―3.15‖. In a word, dishonest phenomena widely exist in the consumption in our society.

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北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

These dishonest phenomena are common in many aspects. At first, the manufacturers produced many fake products, which leads to an increasing number of accidents. Moreover, the sellers think up many methods which may guide consumers to buy their commodities. Most of these methods were thought up to deceive consumers. Finally, the manufacturers and sellers take great pains to obtaining more profits. Therefore, the consumers are afraid of the abnormal behavior, when they are treated as a God at the day ―3.15‖.

It is necessary that something should be done to resolve this problem. On the one hand, consumers should strive for their legitimate rights and interests. On the other hand, consumers should appeal authority to take dramatic measures to cope with this phenomenon. Only in this way can the consumer in the picture are no longer afraid, and will be treated as a real God. 7. Directions:

Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET2. Your essay should meet the following requirements: 1) Interpret the meaning of the cartoon; 2) Give you comment on the phenomenon.

As we can see from the cartoon, talents who want to leave for the new organization may

meet with difficulty and may even be punished. In the cartoon, a man is angry and is gripping the collar of another man who wants to resign. The angry man is going to punish the man gripped. This indicates that talents in China are confined rigidly by the organization he works for. Why is there such a phenomenon? On the one hand, China has a lot of time-honored values such as loyalty and devotion. Although some talents can hardly find satisfaction in the work place, they are unlikely to change the job for fear that they will be labeled as ?betray‘. On the other hand, the human resource management has been inflexible in China and people may find that he will; change the job at a high cost. In short, the phenomenon that people are prevented from transferring from one place to another is harmful to society. At first, it is unfavorable to the development of the whole country.

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北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

If people are not content with their jobs, the productivity will be affected. What is more, it may affect the growth of organization. Only when people‘s specialty will be made full use of can the organization benefit. Last but not least, it may influence the development of individuals. Staying at the same place for a long time and even for the whole life unhappily may ruin a person physically and mentally. Therefore, people are encouraged to change the job if he himself thinks it is worthwhile. (261 words)

8.

Directions:

Look at the cartoon below and write an essay of about 200 words on ANSWE SHEET 2.

Your essay should meet the following requirements: 1) Writer out the message conveyed by the cartoon; 2) Give your comments.

As can be seen from the cartoon, bribe has become serious in nowadays society. In the

cartoon, even Monkey King and his brothers are taking some gifts to the Monk, maybe in order to get the Monk‘s permission to go with him. This indicates that bribe has permeated into all walks of life.

Bribe is of great harm. In the first place, those unqualified for the position may get promoted in the company through bribe, which is unfair in terms of competition. In the second place, some students may get high marks through bribe while those whose marks are high enough to be admitted might be denied admission to schools. In the final analysis, some government officials are promoted not by their achievements but by buying it with money. Little wonder sometimes work efficiency is jeopardized. In brief, bribe has been widespread in many fields, which is threatening the country. As to how to control it, several points should be made clear. Firstly, people should be educated that a fair society needs no bribe. Secondly, the company needs to be aware that only qualified people can benefit the company. Thirdly, strict law needs to be set up and enforced to punish those who bribe. Without these measures, bribe would continue to affect the fairness of society. 9.

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北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

Direction:

Look at the following picture and write an article on advertisement. Your article should cover the points below:

1） The omnipresence (无所不在，普遍) of advertisements 2） Their advantages 3） Their disadvantages

You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

As is shown from the above picture, advertisements seem to be omnipresent in people‘s

daily life. In the picture, some children are watching TV advertisements. Their father looks worry about them. This indicates that the increasing number of advertisements has aroused people‘s concern in China.

Advertisements have a couple of advantages. Firstly, they are able to inform you of the updated products. Secondly, watching them is enjoyable if they are well directed. Thirdly, they serve as refreshments between the programs. Consequently, some people speak favorably of advertisements.

On the other hand, advertisements also bring some ill-effects to us and our lives. In the first place, there are some fake products advertised as good ones, which may mislead consumers. In the second place, they may disturb viewers, especially when they are enjoying a story. In the final analysis, some of them involve violence, misguiding children and young people. Accordingly, advertisements are not popular among other people. From the discussion above, we can see that advertisements have both advantages and disadvantages. People need to make the most of their advantages while avoid their disadvantage. Only in this way can we achieve the most and the best of our goal. (197 words) 10.

Directions:

Enormous change took place in the last two decades of the 20th century, which is revealed in the changes on dinner tables. Here are two pairs of pictures. You are required to 1) Describe the pictures.

2) Interpret the pictures, and 3) Make a comment upon it.

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北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

From the set of pictures, we may safely draw a conclusion that enormous change took place in the last two decades of the 20th century, which is revealed in the changes on dinner tables. In the first pair of pictures, dinner on the tables of people in the countryside has been changed from more vegetables in 1980 to more meat in 2000. In the second pair, that of people in the city has been changed from more meat in 1980 to more vegetables in 2000. The pictures at least indicate two implications. For one thing, the general living level has been improved. People in the countryside eat more meat, which shows that they can afford them. For another, people are more health conscious. People in cities eat more vegetables. This means that they are aware that they should eat healthy food.

All in all, it can be concluded that enormous changes have taken place in people‘s life. This can be attributed to two factors. On the one hand, economy has been greatly developing. On the other hand, the policy is favorable to nurture a promising future to common people. It is firmly believed that the drastic changes will be taking place in the future. (204 words)

VI. Other Types

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北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

Part Two

Technical Writing (10%)

A节考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构

题型有两种，每次考试选择其中的一种形式

1）考生根据所给情景写出约100词（标点符号不计算在内）的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。

2）要求考生根据所提供的汉语文章，用英语写出一篇80~100词的文章摘要。

A节试卷结构表

1）为考生提供的信息：规定情景或汉语文章 2）测试要点：书面表达归纳、概括、表述

3）题型：应用文（约100词）或摘要写作（80~100词）

1. 样题

You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books. Write a letter to the sales department for a bookstore to ask for:

1) detailed information about the books you want.

2) methods of payment.

3) time and way of delivery.

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use ―Li Ming‖ instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)

Dear Sir / Madam,

I am writing to ask for some reference books for my coming English test. Here are some detailed requirements about the books I want. First, they need to be on grammar of English. Secondly, they need to be English version. Thirdly, they should be published after the year of 2000.

As for the methods of payment, I intend to pay for the books via the bank if it is convenient to you. Or you may offer the option.

I need these books for the test next month so that time is important to me. I wonder whether it is possible for me to get them within this week and whether you could inform me at the number 6677 5520 if they are available and I will take them by myself. Your early reply will be greatly appreciated.

Yours, Li Ming

2. 2005

Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and making an apology.

Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use ―Li Ming‖ instead. You do not need to write the

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January 8th, 2011

北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

address. (10 points)

3. 2006 Directions: You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.

Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter; use Li Ming instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points) 4. 2007 Directions:

5. 2008 Directions:

You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to 1) make an apology, and

2) suggest a solution.

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use ―Li Ming‖ instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

Range Finders Sample 1

January 17th, 2008

Dear Bob,

I am writing to make an apology to you for I forgot to return a music CD which I borrowed it last week. Yesterday I have just come back from Canada and I found it in my luggage. I am so sorry that you cannot listen to it at present.

The CD which I borrowed from you is made in Canada, So I believe you can find another one in your local store. How about you buy another CD and I pay for it? If you cannot find the similar one, I would send it through post office. And there are some solutions you like, please tell me.

I am sorry again for my behavior. Look forward to your reply.

Sincerely yours,

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Write a letter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its service. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use ―Li Ming‖ instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

Li Ming

9分

很好地完成了试题规定的任务。内容要点完整, 层次清晰, 语言流畅, 格式恰当符合语域要求。但也有一定的语法错误。如: How about you buy another CD. Yesterday I have just come back from Canada。

Sample 2

January 17th, 2008

Dear Bob,

I‘m writing this letter to extend my terrible sorry that I forgot to return a music CD to you. When I was packing my luggage, I remembered that I had brought it out and had put it on a book. But my friend, Lihua, who thought it was mine, put it into my suitcase. When I told Lihua this situation, Lhua was terribly regretful because of this.

So, I plan to send it to you as soon as possible. Please accept my sincere apology because of inconvenience caused.

Yours sincerely

Li Ming

8分

较好地完成了试题规定的任务。内容要点及层次清晰, 组织严宻。但某些语言表达不够准确。如: I remembered that I had brought it out and had put it on a book意思不够准确。 Sample 3

January 17th, 2008

Dear Bob,

I‘m writing this letter to express my apology to you. I was so careless that get your music CD in my bag. I find it until I get arrive at China.

I have tell my friend who is living in Canada, and let him buy a new one for you. If you only want to get this one, I will sent it to you by post.

I am verry sorry for any inconvenience that I have caused. Please accept my sincere apologiance againe.

Yours sincerely

Li Ming

6分

基本完成了试题规定的任务。内容中包含了基本要点且层次较清晰。但有一些语法及词汇拼写错误。如：I was so careless that get your music CD. I will sent it to you by post Please accept my sincere apologiance againe。 Sample 4

January 17th, 2008

Dear Bob,

I‘m so sorry and writing for your excuse involving the matter that I found your favorate

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北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

music CD in my luggage. When I come back China from Canada.

You were so kind of lending me the Westlife‘s CD, when you knew that Iwas one of fans of this popular Band. But So careless I was that I forgot to return you.

I have delivered it to you by EMS with another Westlife‘s CD together as an apology. I hope you can like it and our friendship will not be injuried by my facultyies.

Yours Truly

Li Ming

4分

未能完成试题规定的任务。内容要点不够明确, 语言表达欠规范, 并且有较多语法和用词错误。如：I’m so sorry and writing for your excuse involving the matter that I found your favorate music CD?; I have delivered it?。 Sample 5

Dear Bob,

I‘m so sorry that I forget to return The Denglijun‘ CD to you. I‘ll take it for you in the next time. bye!

Yours: Li Ming 2008, 1. 19 airport 1分

未能完成试题规定的任务。所用语言太少, 无法传达内容信息。

6. 2009

51. Directions:

Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. ―White Pollution‖ is still going on.

Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to 1) give your opinions briefly and

2) make two or three suggestions.

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use ―Li Ming‖ instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

7. 2010

51. Directions:

You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization, you should conclude the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative.

You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use ―postgraduate association‖ instead.

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北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

8. Examples 1) Letters

1. Application Letter for a Job

Directions: In this part of the test, you are required to write a letter in accordance with the situations provided.

Situations: 1. You want to apply for a post as a laboratory assistant.

2. Your letter should cover your education information, capability, and goals. You should write approximately about 150 words.

January 8th, 2011

Dear Sir / Madam,

In answer to your advertisement in China Daily. I wish to apply for a post as a laboratory assistant. I have received a Master‘s Degree in chemist and his jop would give me the enough experience I need for my future career in this field.

I have taken many courses in chemistry. I have developed a great deal of pratical experiences and I can perform most laboratory procedures with littlt difficulty. I like my subject very much and determine to carry it on as my whole life career. I feel assured that I can carry out any assignments you would give me.

I am enclosing a resume with my address on it, in the hope that you will use it to tell me when to come for an interview.

Yours, Li Ming

2.

Directions: In this part of the test, you are required to write a letter in accordance with the situations provided.

Situations: 1. You want to apply for a position as a teacher in English Department, Jinshan University.

2. Your letter should cover your capability, and goals. You should write approximately about 100 words.

January 8th, 2011

Dear Sir / Madam, I would like to be considered for a teaching position in your university during the coming academic year. My main interests and greatest strengths lie in two areas: the history of literature in relation to the history of ideas, and the formal analysis of poetry. I am also an experienced teacher of writing. In addition to the teaching experience indicated in the enclosed resume, I am qualified to teach American literature. I look forward to hearing from you if my background meets your needs.

Yours,

Li Ming

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北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

3. Application Letter for College

Directions: In this part of the test, you are required to write a letter in accordance with the situations provided. Situations:

1. You want to apply for a Master‘s degree in a university.

2. our letter should cover your goals, education information, and recommendation letters. You should write approximately about 150 words.

January 8th, 2011

Dear Sir / Madam, I have read the Annual prospectus issued by your university and found that it has the best graduate program of cross-cultural studies, which you are currently presiding over. I am greatly interested in the program and hope that I may do my MA work under you instruction.

I graduated from Beijing Foreign Studies University in 2004 majoring in English and minoring in American Society and Culture. In Culture, American Literature and Culture Exchanges between the East and the West, which were conducted all in English. So I believed I would have no difficulty in MA studies. I have discussed my application with two of my former professors, who have urged me to apply and have kindly written letters of recommendation for me, which I enclose with this letter. I would be very thankful if you could send me necessary applications forms and information about your scholarships. I look forward very much to hearing from you soon.

Yours, Li Ming

4. Letter of Apologies

Directions: In this part of the test, you are required to write a letter in accordance with the situations provided.

Situations: You lost the book Tina lent you, so you want to write a letter of apology. You should write approximately about 100 words.

January 8th, 2011

Dear Tina, I am terribly sorry to tell you that I have lost the valuable book you were so kind to lend me last month. Yesterday when I came to my room, it was nowhere to be found. I will try to recover it as soon as possible. If I fail to find it, I will get a new book for you. But I am afraid it can never take the place of the old one. Old books are like old friends. Once lost, they can never be replaced. And for this irrecoverable loss, I am to blame. This is a warning to me to be more careful in the future. Sorry again.

Yours, Li Ming

5. Letter of Request

Directions: In this part of the test, you are required to write a letter in accordance with the situations provided.

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北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

Situations: You want to introduce a person into your friend‘s company, so you write a letter to your friend Tom Hopkins.

You should write approximately about 100 words.

January 8th, 2011

Dear Tom,

Please review the enclosed resume of my nephew, Li Cheng.

Li Cheng is an intelligent and ambitious young man whose college performance and initial

work experience have been admirable. His work with Grande Company should prove beneficial to you. Could you check around a bit to see if there is a place for John in the company in the area of interest he has indicts, you know you can just call. I look forward to some good news.

Yours, Li Ming

6. Letter of Invitation (Informal)

Directions: In this part of the test, you are required to write a letter in accordance with the situations provided.

Situations: 1. You invite your friend John to a weekend party.

2. Your letter should cover the information of time and place. You should write approximately about 150 words.

January 8th, 2011

Dear John,

I hope you have no plan for the weekend of July 2, as I‘d like you to spend it with me in the country. It is simply beautiful here now, with flowers in bloom. I think I can promise you some good fishing here. The fish are biting better than ever! So bring your fishing clothes, and be sure to bring your tennis thing, because Zhang Gang is coming and I am sure you want to get out on the courts with him.

There is a very good train Friday night, which can get you here about 7:40, the time for dinner. You can get a late train back Sunday night, or there is an early express that Tom always takes on Monday Morning at 6:00. I hope nothing will prevent you from coming, as I am looking forward to your visit. Be sure to let me know what train you are taking so that I can meet you at the station.

Yours, Li Ming

7. Letter of Invitation (Formal)

Directions: In this part of the test, you are required to write a letter in accordance with the situations provided.

Situations: 1. You are Li MIng, director of Victory Automobile Factory

2. You invite Mr. John Hollis to be present at an opening ceremony of a new factory. 3. Make sure the time and the place. You should write approximately about 150 words.

January 8th, 2011

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北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

Dear Mr. Hollis,

Our new factory will be commencing production, and we should like to invite to be present

st

at a celebration on July 1 at 9 at Production Hall to mark the occasion. This is an important milestone for this orgnization and is the result of continued demand for our products, both domestically and is the resul of continued demand for our products, both domestically and abroad. We are inventing all those individuals and trust that you will pay us the compliments of accepting.

Please confirm that you will be able to attend by advising us of your time, so we can arrange for you to be met. We will make all arrangement for your stay at your expense.

Yours,

Li Ming

Director of Victory Automobile Factory

8. Letter of Thanks

Directions: In this part of the test, you are required to write a letter in accordance with the situations provided.

Situations: 1. You want to thank your friend Song Peng for helping you locate some reference material.

2. Your letter should cover the course of event, your feeling towards that, and your thanks.

You should write approximately about 100 words.

January 8th, 2011

Dear Song Peng, One night last week I ask your help in trying to locate a stack of reference material, for an adult education course I am taking in sociology. Before our paths crossed, I had searched high and low without success. Then at the public library I found them without difficulty. The books you suggested were exactly what I needed and countless hours were saved. I appreciate your spending so much time with me on this project. Thank you very much.

Yours,

Li Ming

9. Letter of Complaints

Directions: In this part of the test, you are required to write a letter in accordance with the situations provided.

Situations: 1. You bought a bicycle from Friendship Bicycle Company by parcel post. And now there is something wrong with its saddle.

2. Your letter should cover detailed information about the fault, reason for complaint, and requirement.

You should write approximately about 100 words.

January 8th, 2011

Dear Sir, This February I bought a bicycle from your company by parcel post. I had ridden it for a

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北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

month when its saddle broke.

When I took it to repair shop, I was told it was a new type and they could do nothing to repair it for want of such a saddle of the same type. I wonder if you can send me a replacement or have it repaired as soon as possible because I need it very much. I am looking forward to your rely and I hope you can take my complaint into consideration.

Yours,

Li Ming

10. Letter of Congratulations

Directions: In this part of the test, you are required to write a letter in accordance with the situations provided.

Situations: Your friend Wang Tao has got the scholarship to the university. You write a letter of congratulations to him.

You should write approximately about 100 words.

January 8th, 2011

Dear Wang Tao,

The news of your scholarship to the university made my day. No one could have been more desiring. How exciting it must be for you to realize your dream after all those years of faithful practice and proficient performance. I want to say the news is not out of my expectation. Your diligence combined with your innate talents indicates a dynamic future. I wish you all the best in your college years. I am sure you will, and I hope I will receive good news from you in the future days.

Yours, Li Ming

2) Memo

Directions: You are the president of a company. Write a memo to Michael Jackson, the vice-president on the employee’s training on computer, telling him the need to train the employees, detailed information, and ask him to write a plan. Date：January 8th, 2011

To：Michael Jackson, Vice President From：Li Ming, President

Subject：Computer Training of the Staff

As we discussed earlier this week, I agree with you that our firm is faced up with problem of the high rate of computer illiteracy of the staff. We need to make up a plan for training our employees in the new field.

I would like you to design our own in-house computer-training program. We had better classify the employees and put them through the program in turn.

Write up a brief proposal, describing what you think the program should cover. Assume the class runs four hours a week for ten weeks. Also, assume people have no prior computer knowledge or any formal course work in computer science.

3) Notes

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北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

1. Note of Requests

Directions: In this part of the test, you are required to write a note in accordance with the situations provided.

Situations: You want to get information about research paper from your tutor Prof. Tang. You should write approximately about 50 words.

January 8th, 2011

Dear Prof. Tang,

I would appreciate having some information about research paper. Would you please make some copies and leave it to Miss Chu in your office? I will come to get it the day after tomorrow if it is possible that you make it. Thank you.

Yours, Li Ming

2. Note of thanks

Directions: In this part of the test, you are required to write a note in accordance with the situations provided.

Situations: 1. You received a novel as a birthday gift from Bill, an American friend of yours.

2. You need to write a note of thanks.

You should write approximately about 50 words.

January 8th, 2011 Dear Bill,

What an interesting novel you have sent me! I am studying the author now and the book is just what I want. It is so helpful that I can write a successful thesis. Thank you very much for the nice gift.

Yours, Li Ming

3. Note of Messages

Directions: In this part of the test, you are required to write a note in accordance with the situations provided. Situations:

1. You leave a message to ask Mr. Long whether he will visit the Place Museum with you 2. Ask him to tell you beforehand if he will.

You should write approximately about 50 words.

January 8th, 2011 Dear Mr. Long,

I wonder whether you would care to visit the Place Museum this Sunday afternoon with us. If it‘s all right for you please let me know some time before this Friday, so that I can advance.

Yours, Li Ming

4. Note of Appointments

Directions: In this part of the test, you are required to write a note in accordance with the

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北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

situations provided.

1. You need to make an appointment with Professor Ma about some issues of culture differences between the west and the east.

2. Ask him to arrange a suitable time for the meeting. You should write approximately about 50 words.

January 8th, 2011

Dear Prof. Ma,

I‘d like to discuss with your some issues of cultural differences between the east and west in your office this Friday afternoon. Could you please appoint a time and call me at 23287667 if you have some free time? Thank you.

Yours, Li Ming

5. Note of Apologies

Directions: In this part of the test, you are required to write a note in accordance with the situations provided.

Situations:

1. You have to apologize for breaking the appointment with Prof. Gray. 2. You should tell the reason and suggest another appointment.

You should write approximately about 60 words.

January 8th, 2011 Dear Prof. Gray,

I would like to express my apologies for not being able to keep our 2:00 p.m. appointment. I met a heavy traffic jam on my way to school. I will come over to your office the day after tomorrow, on Wednesday, August 26 at the same hour if it is convenient for you. If not, please call me.

Yours, Li Ming

6. Note of Invitation (1)

Directions: In this part of the test, you are required to write a note in accordance with the situations provided.

Situations: 1. You invite your friend to Leo to your birthday party. 2. Make sure the place and the time.

You should write approximately about 50 words.

January 8th, 2011

Dear Leo,

Will you come to my birthday party on Friday, May 18, at 7:00 p.m.? My cousin is visiting us, and I think you will enjoy meeting her. She is expecting to see you and all my friends in Beijing. All my classmates and my friends will join us. I eagerly hope you can come.

Yours, Li Ming

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北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

7. Note of Invitation (2) Situations:

1. You invite your professor Seed Gennrich with his wife to have lunch. 2. Make sure the place and the time.

You should write approximately about 50 words.

January 8th, 2011

Dear Mr. & Mrs. Gennrich,

I would be very glad if you could come to luncheon with me at the Dining Hall on our campus on Friday, July4, at 12:30. I look forward to seeing you.

Yours,

Li Ming

8. Note of Acceptance

Directions: In this part of the test, you are required to write a note in accordance with the situations provided.

Situations: You accept Zhang Dongwei‘s invention to his birthday party. You should write approximately about 50 words.

January 8th, 2011

Dear Zhang Dongwei,

I will be very pleased to come to your birthday party on Friday, May 18, at 7:00 p.m.. It is nice you to invite me and I will be glad to meet your cousin.

Yours, Li Ming

9. Note of Refusal

Situations: You have to refuse Zhang Donwei‘s invitation to lunch. You should write approximately about 50 words.

January 8th, 2011

Dear Zhang Dongwei,

Thank you for asking us to come to luncheon with you on Friday. Because of full schedule of that day, we won‘t be able to make it at the time.

Yours, Li Ming

4) Notice

Directions: In this part of the test, you are required to write a notice in accordance with the situations provided.

Situations: 1. The Office of the Foreign Languages Department intends to give a report about new tendency of foreign languages study.

2. The notice should cover content of the report, time and place.

You should write approximately about 50 words.

Notice

All teachers and students in our departments are requested to meet in the meeting room on Wednesday, Sept. 15, at 3:00 p.m. for a report about new tendency of foreign language study.

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北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

The Office of the Foreign Language Department

January 8th, 2011

5) Announcement

Directions: In this part of the test, you are required to write an application letter in accordance with the situations provided.

Situations: 1. You are Wu Shengyou.

2. Your son is missing, so you write an announcement.

3. Your announcement should cover detail information about your son and your hope

to get information from others. You should write approximately about 100 words.

Child Lost

A little boy, named Wu Jian, aged 3, dressed in blue, got lost on the afternoon of 17th , June. The boy is 1 meter tall, with round face and big eyes. Whoever has found him or knows of his whereabouts or has any information which may lead to his location is requested to phone me, a handsome reward will be given with profound thanks from

6) Poster

Directions: In this part of the test, you are required to write an application letter in accordance with the situations provided.

Situations: 1. There is going to be an English-speaking contest. 2. Time: 2:30 p.m, Oct 11th; Place: Lecture Hall 3. Organizer: The Foreign Language Departments.. You should write approximately about 50 words

English-speaking Contest

th

A department-wide English- speaking contest will be held at 2:30 Oct. 11, in Lecture Hall, to encourage after-class oral activities and improve the students‘ spoken English. Six teachers will be present to work as judges. The first ten winners will be given awards right after the contest. All are welcome.

The Foreign Languages Department

Poster

English-Speaking Contest

All Are Cordially Welcome Time: 2:30 p.m., Oct 11th Place: Lecture Hall

This contest is to encourage after-class oral activities and improve the students‘ spoken

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Wu Shengyou Wu Jian‘s father Tel: 67669872

北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

English. Six teachers will be present to work as judges. The first ten winners will be given awards right after the contest It surely be exciting!

The Foreign Languages Department

7) Summary Sample One

Directions: In this part of the test, you are required to write summary based on the text given below. Your summary should be no more than 60 words.

A Festival for the Dead is held once a year in Japan. This festival is cheerful occasion, for on this day, the dead are said to return to their homes and they are welcomed by the living. As they are expected to be hungry after their long journey, food is laid out for them. Specially made lanterns are hung outside each house to help the dead to find their way. All night long, people dance and sing. In the early morning, the food that had been laid out for the dead is thrown into a river or into the sea, the tiny lanterns that had been hung in the streets the night before, are placed into the water when the festival is over. Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return journey to the other world. This is a morning spectacle, for crowds of people stand on the shore watching the lanterns drifting away until they can be seen no more. (185 words)

Summary

Japanese annual Festival for the Dead is a pleasurable day. It is said that the dead return home. Food is laid out for them and lanterns are lit to guide them. People dance and sing all night. The next morning, uneaten food is thrown in the river. People watch the lanterns placed into the water drifting out of sight. (58 words)

Sample Two Directions:

Read the following Chinese text and write an abstract of it in 80-100 English words on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

经济全球化的主要原因

20世纪50年代初以来，经济全球化获得迅猛发展。简单归纳，其原因主要包括以下几个方面：

全球化的技术基础。科技进步为全球化快速发展提供了物质基础和技术手段。科技革命是经济全球化发展的最根本的物质基础和动力，历史上历次科技革命都促进了社会生产力的飞跃发展，同时也促进了整个世界的融合。20世纪50年代以电子技术和信息技术等为主要标志的新的科技革命的兴起，使科技日益成为社会生产力发展的先导，成为影响生产力发展的至关重要的因素。科技知识在社会生产的各个领域中得到广泛传播和运用，劳动者的智能和技能得到进一步的开发，创造出越来越多的物质和精神财富，极大地促进了世界生产力的发展，生产社会化程度日益提高，国际分工日益深化，各国经济以此为基础紧密相连，世界经济进入一个全新的繁荣时期。同时，新科技革命使得科技成果积累的速度大大加快，新材料、新产品不断涌现，大量高科技产业不断生产，在世界范围内促进了

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北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

产业结构的调整和转移，新的产业布局开始形成。以信息技术和产业为主导，以高新技术为基础的新兴产业部门蓬勃兴起并迅速发展，快速取代了传统产业而逐渐成为经济的主导部门推进的重要动力源。

全球化的经济基础。市场经济体制的强势地位不断增强，跨国公司的突飞发展，国际经济组织的不断完善为经济全球化奠定了坚实的经济基础。

首先，市场经济体制成为世界各国发展经济的首选。20世纪80年代末至90年代初，世界形势发生了重大变化，东欧剧变，苏联解体，40多年的冷战格局最终结束。冷战结束后，国际形势总体上走向缓和。各国纷纷把发展经济列为首要目标，普遍扩大了对外开放，和平与发展成为当今时代的两大主题。前苏联和东欧国家先后走上了向市场经济过渡的轨道，改行自由市场经济，并积极致力于融入西方经济体系。中国在长期的实践中，也逐渐认识到计划经济的不足和弊端，自1978年起开始实行以市场为导向的、全面的经济改革，大力推行对外开放，努力实现同世界经济的接轨，目前已成为世界经济的重要组成部分。这一切都说明，市场经济体制已成为不同制度、不同发展层次国家的共同选择，市场经济已基本实现了全球化，经济全球化是以市场为基础的，没有市场经济就没有生产要素在国际间的自由流动，就谈不上经济全球化。

其次，力量不断壮大的跨国公司成为经济全球化的中坚力量。跨国公司是以本国作为基地，通过对外直接投资，在世界各地设立分支机构和子公司，从事国际化生产和经营的企业。跨国公司凭借其雄厚的经济实力和灵活的经济战略，以全球为工厂，以它所在的各个国家为车间，在全球范围内充分利用各地的优势组织生产和流通，通过自己广泛的经营活动，实现了商品和资本等生产要素在全球范围内的整合，促进了生产在国家间的水平分工和垂直分工，使之密切联系在一起，从而为经济全球化的发展打下了坚实的微观基础，并成为经济全球化的主要推动力量和主要载体。

最后，国际经济组织是经济全球化发展的组织保障。二战结束以后，生产力的不断提高，生产的国际化使得越来越多的商品、资本、劳动进入国际交流，各国的国际分工和相互依赖性不断增强。这种日益增强的经济联系要求突破原有的国家间的障碍，实现全球范围内的更高层次的经济合作，这就要求有超脱于国家之外的国际经济组织发挥重要作用。战后，国际经济组织作用日益明显，国际经济协作不断加强。在当今国际经济关系中，世行、世贸组织、国际货币基金组织等世界性经济组织的调节作用越来越大，而且还表现出进一步增强的趋势。世贸组织（WTO）所制定的关于贸易、投资等方面的制度和规则。作为世界金融领域的重要国际组织，即国际货币基金组织（IMF）和世界银行（WB）也在国际金融全球化进程中扮演了重要的角色。这些国际经济组织的成立使得国际贸易和国际金融运行有了统一的规则，对成员国的经贸活动和经济行为起着协调和规范作用，这些都是为经济全球化的发展起着制度保障作用。

Example

Fundamental Causes of Economic Globalization

Economic globalization has been progressing rapidly since the beginning of the 1950s. Several factors have contributed to such development. Firstly, advancements in science and technology have offered a technical foundation by providing the material basis and the technical means. Meanwhile, a solid economic foundation for such a globalization has been laid by the market economy which is prevailing over the world. Other factors include the pillaring and

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北京导航2011年考研英语强化讲义（写作）—郑景婷

propelling role of multinationals in micro-economic operations, the ever growing coordinating and controlling power and function exercised by such international economic organizations as WTO, IMF and WB in the international trade and finance.

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