津巴布韦离网光伏方案--中英文版 - 图文

津巴布韦4.41kW离网光伏

津巴布韦4.41kW离网光伏系统

技术方案

Technical Proposal of 4.41KW Off-grid PV systems in Zimbabwe

Himin Solar Co., Ltd (Himin)

皇明洁能控股有限公司

2014-2-15

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CONTENTS

一、 PROJECT PROFILE ................................... 3 1.1 PROJECT LOCATION项目地理位置 .......................... 3 1.2 RPOJECT OBJECTIVES项目目标 ............................. 4 二、 TECHNICAL SOLUATION技术方案 ....................... 5 2.1 PRINCIPLE OF PV SYSTEM光伏发电系统原理 ................. 5 2.2 COMPONENTS OF SOLAR PANELS太阳能电池组件 ................ 7 2.3 MACHINE OF CONTROLING AND INVERTERING控制逆变一体机 ........ 9 2.4 方阵布置方案分析 .................................. 10 2.5 组件串并联设计 .................................... 10 2.6 蓄电池串并联设计 .................................. 11 2.7 交直流防雷配电柜 .................................. 11 2.8 主要设备清单 ...................................... 12 2.9 环境效益分析 ...................................... 12 2.10 运行维护方案 ...................................... 15 2.11 结论 .............................................. 20 三、 工程案例 ......................................... 21

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一、 工程概况Project Profile

1.1 项目地理位置Project location

项目名称project name：津巴布韦4.41kW离网光伏系统 4.41KW Off-grid PV system

The project is located in 韦西马绍纳兰省诺顿镇,Zimbabwe,is the off-grid PV system. It adopts the conventional srystalline silicon components, fixing on the agriculture ground at certain angle. It includes 40 sets, every set contain 315Wp components of solar panels , photovoltaic systems scale is 4.41kWp, off-grid type, provides three-phase 380AC for the pump operation.

本项目建设地点为津巴布，项目类型为太阳能光伏离网发电。项目采用常规高效晶体硅组件、在农业地面上进行倾角安装。该系统共40套，每套系统供给一台3相380V交流水泵运行，每套系统采用315Wp太阳能电池组件14块，光伏系统规模为4.41kWp，采用离网发电的模式，逆变器输出三相380V交流电，为负荷提供清洁电力。

Weather conditions:气象条件：

The most part of Zimbabwe is Savannah climate, with an average annual temperature of 22 ℃, the highest temperature reached 32 ℃ in October, the lowest temperature in July, about 13 ~ 17 ℃. Annual precipitation is from 300 to 1,250 mm mm increments from southwest to northeast,

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津巴布韦大部属热带草原气候，年均气温22℃，10月份温度最高，达32℃，7月份温度最低，约13～17℃。年降水量从西南向东北，由300毫米递增到1,250毫米。 1.2 项目目标Project Objectives

The project goal is providing power for the pump throught the PV system for the purpose of energy saving and , environmental protection, to play an exemplary role for the potential users. The project identified using \system\site, we use off-grid PV power mode, the system consists of Solar Panels square, inverter control one machine, batteries, power distribution cabinets and part of the stent.

本项目目标是通过光伏发电技术，实现对水泵的供电，达到节能、节电、环保之目的，并通过本项目的成功运行向广大潜在用户起到示范作用。本工程项目确定采用“太阳能光伏离网发电”技术，根据工程现场的分布情况，我们采用离网光伏发电模式，该系统由太阳能电池组件方阵、控制逆变一体机、蓄电池、配电柜以及支架等部分组成。

We can get the meteorology dates of Harare by the software” RETScreen”as the following table:

另我公司通过专业能源项目分析软件可以得到参考地点津巴布韦首都哈拉雷的相关气象数据信息，如下表：

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It is clear that the day average time of pear sunshine hours is 5.57 h.

由上表可以看出，津巴布韦的日平均峰值日照时间为5.57小时。

二、 技术方案technical soluation

2.1 光伏发电系统原理the principle of PV system

The principle of the independent power generation system is the solar panel transfer the sunlight into power , charge the battery or directly supply the power by the controller. The battery will supply DC power at night or under the insufficient sunlight by the controller. It will need the inverter to convert DC into AC.

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独立发电系统的基本工作原理就是在太阳光的照射下，将太阳电池组件产生的电能通过控制器的控制给蓄电池充电或者在满足负载需求的情况下直接给负载供电，如果日照不足或者在夜间则由蓄电池在控制器的控制下给直流负载供电，对于含有交流负载的光伏系统而言，还需要增加逆变器将直流电转换成交流电。 The independent power generation system consist of solar panel

.inverter(including

the

inverter

and

controller) .controller and battery.

独立发电系统一般由太阳板、控制器、逆变器（或控制逆变一体机，集成了控制器和逆变器的功能）蓄电池等组成。

The independent power generation system is also named off-grid PV system, it usually use in the remote area or the difficult area for the power grid and the projects need the power at night, it also used as the independent power for the solar streetlight . lawn light or the monitoring camerals.

独立系统一般也称为离网系统，多用在偏远地区、电网敷设较困难的地区以及需要夜间供电的光伏发电项目中，也用于太阳能路灯、草坪灯、监控摄像头等系统中作为独立电源使用。

独立光伏系统示意图

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2.2 太阳能电池组件Component of Solar panels

The physical unit that the solar cells connected by the lead wire and sealed is called component of solar panels, it has certain function of withstanding the corrosion .rain. hail and wind. One piece of solar cell can only produce a DC voltage of about O.5 volts, it usually connect in tandem by the for the need, the solar cells connected through the lead wire. The component in this projects contain 72 pieces solar cells, The normal operating voltage of approximately 38V output. It can connect more components together in tandem or paralleled for the high voltage and current.

太阳能电池组件通过导线连接的太阳能电池被密封成的物理单元被称为太阳能电池组件，具有一定的防腐、防风、防雹、防雨的能力，广泛应用于各个领域和系统。每片太阳能电池只能产生大约O.5伏的直流电压，远低于实际使用所需电压，为了满足实际应用的需要，需要把太阳能电池串联成组件。太阳能电池组件包含一定数量的太阳能电池，这些太阳能电池通过导线连接。本项目系统采用的组件封装72片太阳能电池片，正常输出工作电压约38V。当应用领域需要较高的电压和电流而单个组件不能满足要求时，可把多个组件串、并联组成太阳能电池方阵，以获得所需要的电压和电流。

It adopts the high efficiency Monocrystalline solar cells that tested by the stick procedure by the PV testing

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organizations in this project. The following table is the technical parameters .

本项目采用高效单晶硅太阳能电池组件，组件电池按照严格的电池检验程序，依靠国内国外最先进的光伏检测机构，保证电池的效率和稳定性处于世界先进水平。组件具体技术参数下表。

单晶硅太阳能电池组件参数

序号seiral number 项目 item 内容content 1 型式type 常规单晶硅组件Monocrystalline solar cells 2 3 4 型号model 尺寸结构size HG315s 1956×992×50（mm） 在的辐照度、25℃的电池温度下的峰值参数： Peak parameter under the AM1.5、1000W/ m2 irradiance and 25℃ temperature 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 标准功率standard 峰值电压peak voltage 峰值电流peak power 315W 38.4V 8.21A 短路电流short circuit 8.88A current 开路电压Open circuit 45.8V voltage 系统电压system voltage 峰值功率温度系数Temperature 1000 V -0.452 %/K 4.5 4.6 5 Coefficient of peak power

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6 短路电流温度系数Temperature Coefficient of short circuit current 0.060 %/K 7 开路电压温度系数Temperature Coefficient of open circuit -0.336 %/K 8 9 温度范围Temperature Range 功率误差范围Error Range of power -40/℃～+85℃ ±3% 10 表面最大承压The maximum pressure on surface 5400Pa 11 承受冰雹 withstanding of hail 直径25 mm的冰球，试验速度 83km/h 12 13 14 15 组件效率efficiency of cells 框架结构frame structure 背面材料 materials on the back 重量weight 16% 铝合金 TPT 23.5KG

2.3 控制逆变一体机machine of controlling and invertering

It use 15KVA machine of controlling and ivvertering 本项目拟采用15KVA的三相光伏控制逆变一体机。 The technical parameters

15kVA控制逆变一体机的性能特点参数：

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太阳能控制器 controller 控制器类型 type of controller MPPT输入电压范围MPPT input voltage range MPPT输出电流MPPT output current 电池 Battery 额定电压 Rated voltage 均充电压average charging voltage 浮充电压floating charging voltage 逆变器Inverter 额定容量Rated capability 输出电压output voltage 输出频率output power 模块化MPPT 450~700Vdc 53~265A 336Vdc（12Vdc*28节） 403V 381Vdc 15kVA 380Vac，三相 50Hz

2.4 方阵布置方案分析the analysis of square layout

The PV system fixing on the agriculture ground at 15。 Angle facing the north according the latitude 17.8°.Each system contain 14 pieces of solar panels, The total installed power of Solar Panels is 4.41kWp, daily generation is about 15kWh. 为保证项目建设的效果及整个光伏发电系统的经济性，根据现场纬度：南纬17.8°。根据提供的装机地点要求，光伏组件在农业地面上进行支架倾角安装，倾角为朝向正北方向15。。

根据提供的负载用电量要求，每套系统最终在农业地面上安装组件14块，总安装太阳能电池组件功率为4.41kWp，日发电量约为15kWh。

2.5 组件串并联设计design for the component

connection

Each set consists of 14 pieces 315kw monocrystalline silicon by connecting in tandem , the sets link-up with the

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machine of controlling and invertering.

津巴布韦每套4.41kW离网光伏系统采用315W常规单晶硅组件总计安装光伏组件14块，组件以14块连成一串接入控制逆变一体机。 2.6 蓄电池串并联设计design for the battery connection

The set adopts 28 pieces of 180AH acid lead battery at 12 V, the batteries connect in tandem and link-up with the machine of controlling and ivertering.

津巴布韦每套4.41kW离网光伏系统采用12V 180AH铅酸蓄电池，共计28块，28块蓄电池串联为1路接入控制逆变一体机

2.7 交直流防雷配电柜lightning protection DC and AC

distribution box

DC distribution box is the bus cable access of Solar panels and connect with the controller. It contains a DC input circuit breakers, anti-anti-diodes, photovoltaic lightning. It is easy to operation and maintenance.

直流配电柜主要是将组件输出的直流电缆接入后进行汇流，再接至控制器。该配电柜含有直流输入断路器、防反二极管、光伏防雷器。方便操作和维护。

AC distribution box provide the access of inverter, it contains circuit breakers, lightning, inverters and AC voltage meter and other devices.

交流配电柜主要是通过配电给逆变器提供负载接口，该配电柜含网侧断路器、防雷器，逆变器负载接口及交流电压电流表等装置。

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2.8 主要设备清单list of main equipments 离网设备清单 序号 设备名称 太阳电池组件 solar 1 2 3 4 5 panels 规格型号 数量 单位 HG315s 15kVA 12V180AH 14 1 28 1 1 块 台 块 套 套 控制逆变一体机Machine of controlling and invertering 蓄电池battery 电池组件支架battery stand 防雷配电柜lighting protection distribution 电缆及防护材料 6 7 8

40套系统，投资预算：626万元（此报价不含安装费、运输费、土建费等）

2.9 环境效益分析analysis of Environmental Benefits

The main legal basis:

《The long-term planning for the energy-saving》

Electrical cable and protection materials 1 1 套 套 其他配件other accessories 总计：total 156500元/套 12

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《Solar Energy Information》

《General Rules of Synthesize Energy Consumption》GB／T2589—90

《Method Energy of Savings Calculation》GB／T13234—1991

本工程节能分析依据的主要法律法规有： 一《节能中长期专项规划》 一《中华人民共和国节约能源法》 一《综合能耗计算通则》GB／T2589—90

一《用能单位节能量计算方法》GB／T13234—1991

PV is the clean and green energy, it can save coal and Oil and gas resources, is a better way to protect the invirement.

Each PV system installed capacity of approximately 4.41KWp, the average annual power generation is about 5475kWh.

According to the statistics date , 1KWh will consume 360g coal, calculating as this , each PV set will save 1971Kg coal every year, 49.275 tons in 25 years.

1KWh power under the traditional methods of electricity generation will emit 873 grams of carbon dioxide, 2.83 grams of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide 2.47 g.

光伏发电是一种清洁的能源，既不直接消耗资源，同时又不释放污染物、废料，也不产生温室气体破坏大气环境，也不会有废渣的堆

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放、废水排放等问题，有利于保护周围环境，是一种绿色可再生能源。

太阳能光伏发电是一种清洁能源，与火电相比，可节约大量的煤炭或油气资源，有利于环境保护。同时，太阳能是取之不竭用之不尽的可在生能源，早开发早受益。与其它传统火力发电方式相比，该项目每套太阳能光伏发电系统装机容量约为4.41KWp，年平均发电量约5475kWh。

根据国家统计数据每发1kWh电须消耗360g标准煤，则本项目每套太阳能系统每年可节约标准煤约1971Kg，按照25年使用算，可节省标准煤约49.275吨。

同时，在环境保护方面，传统发电方式每发一度电将排放出873克二氧化碳、2.83克二氧化硫、2.47克氮氧化合物。

类别 节约标准煤standard coal 减少二氧化碳排放reduce the emission of co2 减少二氧化硫排放reduce the emission of So2 减少氮氧化合物排放reduce the nitrogen oxide emission of 13.52 15.49 4779.6 saving 年节约数量(kg) 1971 14

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2.10 运行维护方案

Running and Maintenance Plan

(1) Maintenance and Notice of the solar components and its stands

1)To ensure the proper working of this system, and keep a good appearance at the same time, it is necessary to clean the solar cell module surface regularly, at least once every two months. 2) It is forbidden to stand on the assembly to perform the cleaning work. Please use soft cloth (dry or wet) on the surface.

3) The toughened glass and the glue of the assembly has good stability. Household detergent and alcohol which are of common use can be chosen. Pay attention that use of grinding on the component surface is prohibited under any circumstance; 4) Ensure cleanness of the components. Especially pay attention that there is no shadow on the comments. Even a small shadow or cover will greatly reduces the generation efficiency of the solar system. It can even cause damage irreparable under serious situation.

5) Don't try to cut with sharp instruments between the solar cell component sealant. Because connected wire system is under the plastic cloth. Once the wiring cloth is damaged, the system

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may not work normally. Even electric shock accident may happen. 6) Check all bolts of the assembly support system. Check if the weld and fixation is reliable.

7) Galvanized anticorrosive material is used on the support system. Check regularly if there is cracking or shedding of the material. Adopt and repair if there is damage. （1）太阳能组件及其支架系统的保养维护及注意事项

1)为了保证本套系统的正常发电，同时为了保证美观，有必要经常性清扫太阳电池组件表面，建议每两个月至少要清洗一次。

2)不允许人站到组件上面执行清洁工作，务请使用柔软(干燥或者潮湿)的布料擦洗；

3)组件的钢化玻璃及缝间的胶体都具有很好的稳定性，清洗时洗涤剂可选用家用洗洁精或酒精等常用的清洗用品。在任何情况下都不要在组件表面使用研磨的材料；

4)要确保组件的清洁，特别是要确保组件上不能有阴影，即使是很小的一块阴影或是覆盖物都会使本套太阳系统的发电效率大打折扣，严重时会对组件造成不可修复性的损坏。

5)不要试图用锐利的器具割开太阳电池组件之间的密封胶，因为胶下布是系统的联接导线，一旦上布的布线受到损伤，有可能会导致系统无法正常使用，甚至于会造成触电事故。

6)检查组件支架系统所有螺栓，焊缝和支架固定是否牢靠。 7)支架使用热镀锌的防腐材料，日常巡视镀锌层是否有开裂和脱

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落现象应及时进行补刷防腐材料。

(2) Maintenance and Notice of the control inverter integrated machine

During normal operation of the machine, it is enough to check whether there is visible operation every two months. At the same time, it is necessary to check if the red light is on.

In order to obtain the optimal capacity, power system operators should check the indicating lamps of the machine.

If the dust on fins or dirt between the machine and the wall affect the heat dissipation, soft brush should be used to remove the dust and dirt. If the state indicating lamp is too dirty to see clearly, wet cloth should be used to clean the dirt. It is not allowed to use dissolved medium, abrasive or corrosive solvent.

It is OK only if the self-contained battery series are used on the control inverter integrated machine. The use of wrong battery will result in unpredictable results. Ensure a good ventilation in the surrounding environment. Ensure there is no wood, cotton and other flammable and explosive materials in the surrounding environment. Also avoid small animals (mice or snakes) crawling through the wiring holes into the cabinet, otherwise a short circuit and other accidents may

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happen ,causing damage such as a fire risk to the machine. Ensure that the environmental humidity is less than 90%RH, no dew condensation, otherwise it will cause damage such as fire and other accidents. Equipment environment shall be free of dirt, dust, oil floating fiber and metal particles. Current noise will increase with the increase of load, which is a normal phenomenon. Use of perishable resolvent is not allowed to clean the cabinet surface; otherwise it will cause spraying of the surface paint, resulting in leakage etc. The machine should be set far from the crowd. Otherwise the current noise can form a certain sound effects on above the crowd. The foundation should be solid without vibration. There should be no electromagnetic interference, away from the interference source. Do not burn it in scrap treatment, for there is dange of explosion, and its wires may generate toxic gases.

In order to prevent the system failure and get a long time running and high performance, please check the machine regularly as the table below shows. In order to prevent electric shock, disconnect all input switch and the power supply before the examination. Checkout should be carried out after the capacitance, inductance fully discharged. （2）控制逆变一体机的保养维护及注意事项

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在机器正常运行时，每两个月检查下设备是否有可见的操作就足够了。同时，还需检查红色指示灯是否亮。

为了获得最优的产能，电站系统操作员应该查看一体机的指示灯情况。

如果散热片上的灰尘或在一体机与墙之间有赃物，影响到散热时，必须使用合适的软刷子将散热片上或一体机与墙壁之间的赃物清除。如果状态指示灯太脏，看不清楚时，需用湿布将赃物清理干净。不准使用溶解性介质、研磨剂或者一些腐蚀性的溶剂。

本套控制逆变器一体机仅适用于与之配套的电池组串。错误使用导致后果不可预测。应确保设备周围环境通风良好。周围不能堆积木材，棉衣等易燃易爆物，同时应避免小动物<鼠蛇等>沿接线孔处进入机柜内部，否则会造成短路等意外事故，有损伤机器，发生火灾等危险可能。确保环境湿度小于90％RH，无水珠凝结，否则会造成设备损害，发生火灾及其它事故。设备所处环境应无灰尘、油性灰尘、漂浮性的纤维及金属微粒。电流噪声会随负载增加而略有增加，属正常现象。不能用易腐性熔剂擦洗机柜表面，否则会造成表面油漆喷塑脱落，造成漏电等情况。机器应避免靠近人群。否则电流噪音排风扇响声会对以上人群形成一定的声音影响。基础坚固无振动。无电磁干扰，远离干扰源。报废处理时，请勿焚烧，会发生爆炸危险；导线等可能产生有毒气体。

为了防止本系统出现故障，确保长时间、高性能的运行，请进行下表所示的定期检查，为了防止电击，在检查前必须断开所有输入开

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津巴布韦4.41kW离网光伏

关及电源，应在保电容、电感完全放完电后进行。

2.11 Conclusion

In his project, solar battery components will be fixed on the agricultural land according to the plan. Installed capacity of each system of the project is 4.41kWp, which can meet the need of normal working of the 4kW three-phase AC 380V pump 3.7hiyrs per day, with 3 rainy days in between. There is all together 40 of PV off-grid systems.

The construction of this project has a very positive significance to optimize the energy structure, protect environment, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, promote the utilization of solar energy and promote the development of photovoltaic industry. It also can reduce the burden of electricity for the whole society, give people experience of low carbon lifestyle. It will also animate the enthusiasm in exploitation and utilization of solar energy, and bring better social and environmental benefits.

2.11 结论

本工程按选定的工程场址，安装太阳能电池组件固定连接在农业

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津巴布韦4.41kW离网光伏

地面上。该项目每套系统装机容量为4.41kWp，可满足4kW三相380V交流水泵，3.7h/天，3个阴雨天正常工作。共计40套光伏离网系统。

本工程的建设对优化能源结构、保护环境，减少温室气体排放、推广太阳能利用和推进光伏产业发展具有非常积极的示范意义，同时可以为全社会减轻用电负担，让人类切身体验低炭生活方式，了解太阳能给人类带来的巨大财富，激发探索利用新能源的热情，创造出更好的社会和环境效益。

三、 工程案例Project Cases

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津巴布韦4.41kW离网光伏

1、皇明高科技园——太阳能特色 Himing Hi-tech Park (Ecological

Park features solar energy)

2、德州经济开发区皇明集团零能耗别墅光伏工程(Zero-energy consumption PV project in a villa of Himin Group, Dezhou)

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津巴布韦4.41kW离网光伏

3、烟台昆嵛山景区监控光伏工程(PV Monitoring Project in Kuyu

Mountain Scenic Area in Yantai, Shandong)

4、江苏昆山花桥风景区光伏工程(PV Project in Kunshan Huaqiao Senic Area, Jiangsu)

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津巴布韦4.41kW离网光伏

5、青岛海信光伏别墅工程（一期） (PV Villa in Hisense, Qingdao)

6、青岛海信光伏别墅工程（二期）(PV Villa in Hisense, Qingdao)

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津巴布韦4.41kW离网光伏

7、南京光伏照明工程(PV Lighting Project in Nanjing)

8、济南南郊宾馆 --太阳能光伏、照明工程(PV and Lighting Project

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津巴布韦4.41kW离网光伏

in Nanjiao Guesthouse, Jinan)

9、武汉红旗小学并网光伏工程(Grid connected PV Project in Hongqi Primary School in Wuhan)

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10、胜利油田储油罐保温光伏工程(Oil Tank heat-preservation PV Project in Shengli Oil Field)

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