新课标综合教程2翻译及答案Unit 1 College Culture

新标准英语综合教程有关的一些资料

Unit 1 College Culture

Active reading (1)

Dealing with unfamiliar words

3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.

1 a subject that people discuss or argue about (issue)

2 a chance to do something (opportunity)

3 the most important and powerful people in the country (establishment)

4 an area of land containing all the main buildings of a university (campus)

5 something such as a meeting or public statement by people who strongly disagree with a policy, law etc

(protest)

6 to start a major activity (launch)

7 chances of success, especially in a job or a career (prospects)

8 work that you are paid regularly to do for a person or company (employment)

4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.

What are the most important (1) issues for students today? Is the university (2) campus really such a different place compared to what it was 40 years ago? Perhaps, as the passage suggests, there are fewer (3) protests by students against the (4) establishment than there used to be. And of course, improving your (5) prospects of being competitive in the (6) employment market is a major concern for students everywhere, since a good university degree is the means by which you can (7) launch your career. But in spite of all this, the role of the university is the same as it always has been. It is the place where you have the (8) opportunity to learn to think for yourself.

5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and phrases in the box. You may need to make other changes.

1 There were fights between police and protestors outside the US Embassy. (clashes)

2 The two parties formed a temporary political arrangement to respond to the problem. (alliance)

The two parties formed an alliance to respond to the problem.

3 I’ve always considered myself as someone who is tolerant of other people’s ideas. (liberal)

I’ve always considered myself as a liberal.

4 The chief official of an American state has a lot of power. (governor)

5 The financial situation of Western European countries rapidly improved in the 1960s. (economy) 6 The 1960s were associated with a new type of popular music. (characterized)

The 1960s were characterized by a new type of popular music.

7 Mark left college without finishing the course and joined a rock band. (dropped out) 8 For many people, listening to their music was an experience which made them feel free. (liberating)

For many people, listening to their music was a liberating experience.

9 For some people, an interest in politics went hand in hand with a strong enthusiasm for music. (passion)

新标准英语综合教程有关的一些资料

Active reading (2)

Dealing with unfamiliar words

3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.

1 to oppose someone in authority, or to oppose accepted ways of doing things (rebel)

2 a period of time that has a particular quality or character (era)

3 damage that is so severe that something stops existing or can never return to its normal state (destruction)

4 the fact of being either male or female (gender)

5 to claim that you have the right to do something or behave in a particular way (assert) 6 a system of beliefs that influences someone’s decisions and behaviour (philosophy)

7 relating to industry (industrial)

4 Complete the conversation with the words in Activity 3.

A What was it like being a student in the 1960s? Was everyone really trying to (1) rebel against the establishment?

B Perhaps not. Perhaps we were just trying to (2) assert our identity in a world which was changing very rapidly. Looking back on the period now, it seems like a different (3) era, even though it was only about 50 years ago. And I honestly believe that the 1960s saw the most important social changes in our country since the (4) industrial Revolution at the beginning of the 19th century.

A But how would you describe the experience? Was there a(n) “(5) philosophy of the 1960s” , I mean a set of shared values, which you all believed in? How would you define the period?

B I don’t think an exact definition is possible. But a lot of important movements began. We became interested in things like minority rights; and (6) gender awareness, particularly with regard to the conditions of women in the workplace, led to a new phase in the women’s liberation movement.

A What’s your opinion of today’s students? Are they just individuals who have their own problems, or do they have an identity as an important part of the community?

B A lot of people in my generation have a negative attitude to today’s students. But they are worried about the big issues, just as we were. And the main problem that they are interested in is a truly global one: how to stop the (7) destruction of the environment in which we live.

5 Answer the questions about the words and phrases.

1 If something clicks, do you (a) suddenly understand, or (b) suddenly forget?

2 Is a repressive government likely to (a) take action, or (b) not take action against protestors? 3 If you sign a petition, do you (a) add your name to a list, or (b) write your name in a book? 4 If you chant a slogan, do you use (a) your voice, or (b) your pen?

5 Do you wear a bracelet (a) on your foot, or (b) on your wrist?

6 Does a nostalgic person think a lot about (a) the past, or (b) the future?

7 If you feel frustration, are you (a) satisfied, or (b) not satisfied?

8 If a revolution is profound, is it (a) not very important, or (b) serious and likely to last?

Language in use

word formation: suffixes -ment and -ism

1 Complete the sentences with the words in brackets and the suffix -ment or -ism.

新标准英语综合教程有关的一些资料

1 What is the government going to do about this problem? (govern)

2 Postmodernism refers to a contemporary way of thinking, and is not easy to define. (postmodern) 3 Post-war economic development led to the creation of new universities in the 1960s. (develop) 4 We must combat money worship and extreme individualism (individual)

5 The two groups discussed for a long time, but couldn’t reach an agreement (agree)

6 The best investment we can make for the future is to provide opportunities for the younger generation.

(invest)

7 Sexism is the belief that men and women should be treated differently. (sex)

8 The romanticism of Wordsworth is evident in his poem on the French Revolution. (romantic) so / neither / nor + inversion

2 Rewrite the sentences using so / neither / nor + inversion.

1 The world has changed a lot since the 1960s. Universities have changed a lot, too.

The world has changed a lot since the 1960s, and so have universities.

2 I really enjoyed my years at university. Jackie also enjoyed the time she spent at university. I really enjoyed my years at university, and so did Jackie.

3 Choosing the right course is always a major problem for new students. Another major problem is organizing one’s time on campus.

Choosing the right course is always a major problem for new students, and so is organizing one’s time on campus.

4 I’m thinking of going to the lecture on post-colonial literature. Li Ming is thinking of going, too.

I’m thinking of going to the lecture on post-colonial literature, and so is Li Ming.

5 I think the facilities in our college have improved over the last few years. In my opinion the teaching has also got better.

I think the facilities in our college have improved over the last few years, and so has the teaching.

6 We can access the Internet in our student hostel, and it’s the same for everyone else on campus.

We can access the Internet in our student hostel, and so can everyone else on campus.

7 I’m not very interested in politics. My friends aren’t either.

I’m not very interested in politics, nor are my friends.

8 I won’t be doing much tonight. My roommate won’t be doing much either.

I won’t be doing much tonight, nor will my roommate.

3 Rewrite the sentences using mean.

1 When you start out at college you meet lots of interesting people.

Starting out at college means meeting lots of interesting people.

2 If you go to bed too late you won’t be able to concentrate the next day.

Going to bed too late means not being able to concentrate the next day.

3 When you do a course in Lit Theory you spend a lot of time on difficult subjects.

Doing a course in Lit Theory means spending a lot of time on difficult subjects.

4 To be interested in literature is to have an open mind about other ways of life.

Being interested in literature means having an open mind about other ways of life.

5 To protest against the Vietnam War in the 1960s you went out onto the streets.

新标准英语综合教程有关的一些资料

Protesting against the Vietnam War in the 1960s meant going out onto the streets.

6 When you go to college today you spend a lot of time thinking about what you will do afterwards. Going to college today means spending a lot of time thinking about what you will do afterwards. 4 Translate the sentences into Chinese.

1 On university campuses in Europe, mass socialist or communist movements gave rise to increasingly violent clashes between the establishment and the college students, with their new and passionate commitment to freedom and justice. (with their … and justice 部分最好提前，即先说学生的状况，再说学生与当权者的冲突。)

在欧洲的大学校园里，大学生以新的姿态和激情地投入到自由和正义的事业中去，大规模的社会主 义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。

2 These days political, social and creative awakening seems to happen not because of college, but in spite of it. Of course, it’s true that higher education is still important. For example, in the UK, Prime Minister Blair was close to achieving his aim of getting 50 per cent of all under thirties into college by 2010 (even though a cynic would say that this was to keep them off the unemployment statistics). 现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破其阻力才发生的。当然， 一点不假，高等教育仍然重要。例如，在英国，布莱尔首相几乎实现了到2010年让50％的30岁以下的人上大学的目标，（即使愤世嫉俗的人会说，这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外）。 3 I never hoped to understand the nature of my generation or how American colleges are changing by going to Lit Theory classes. This is the class where you look cool, a bit sleepy from too many late nights and wearing a T-shirt with some ironic comment such as “Been there, done that and yes, this IS the T-shirt”.（第二句的主句是强调句式，汉译应在句法上稍做变通，以求类似强调语义的效果。a bit 以后的内容是进一步说明如何look cool 的，汉译可加破折号表明关系。） 我从没指望通过上文学理论课来了解我这一代人的特征，或了解美国大学是如何在变化的。这门课是让你在课堂上扮酷的——带着一丝熬夜太多的困劲儿，穿着一件T 恤衫，上面印着“去过那儿，干过那事儿，对，这就是那件T恤衫”，或诸如此类带有讥讽意味的俏皮话。

4 We’re a generation that comes from what has been called the short century (1914－1989), at the end of a century of war and revolution which changed civilizations, overthrew repressive governments, and left us with extraordinary opportunities and privilege, more than any generation before. (由which引导的从句比较难处理。可以在 at the end of the century of war and revolution 处拆句。前半部分讲“我们”所处的年代，后半部分讲这个世纪的特点。)

我们这一代人来自所谓的短世纪（1914－1989），生于其末尾。这个世纪充满了战争和革命，它改变了人类文明，推翻了强权政府，给我们留下了非同寻常的机会和特权，我们所得到的机会与特权 比从前任何一代人都要多。

5 Translate the sentences into English.

1 政府采取的一系列措施不但没有化解矛盾，反倒激起更多的暴力冲突。反对党联合工会发动了一次大罢工，最终导致政府的垮台。(give rise to; form an alliance with; launch; bring about) Instead of resolving contradictions, the series of measures taken by the government gave rise to more violent clashes. The Opposition formed an alliance with the trade unions and launched a general strike, which ultimately brought about the downfall of the government.

2 如今，大学与现实世界的距离越来越小，学生也变得越来越实际。从前，大学是一个象牙塔，学者追求的是学问本身而不是把学问作为达到目的的手段，但这样的时代已经一去不复返了。(shrink; gone are the days; a means to an end)

Nowadays, the gap between the university and the real world is shrinking and the students are becoming more and more practical. Gone are the days when the university was an ivory tower in which scholars pursued knowledge as an end rather than a means to an end.

3 我从未指望靠上课来学好这门课。但我确实去听课，因为在课上我能了解这门课的重点，学会如何组织材料、如何推理。(hope; by doing …; the place where)

I never hoped to learn the subject well by attending those lectures. But I did go to lectures, for it was the place where I could get the important points of the course and learn how to organize materials and how to reason.

新标准英语综合教程有关的一些资料

4 我一直想方设法解决这个难题，但就是找不到满意的答案。可是当我去厨房喝饮料的时候，我突然间灵机一动，意识到解决问题的方法实际上可能很简单。(work out; click)

Although I have been trying every means to solve the problem, I cannot work out a satisfactory solution. But when I went to the kitchen to get a drink, something clicked and made me realize that the solution might be quite simple.

Reading across cultures

1. Read the passage and answer the questions.

1 How old is Bologna University?

Bologna University is about 900 years old.

2 Who paid the lecturers for their work?

Students paid the lecturers for their work.

3 How many students had to attend a lecture?

Five students were the minimum number needed to attend a lecture.

4 What happened if not enough students were present?

The lecturer was declared absent and given a fixed fine.

5 For what other reasons could a lecturer be punished?

There were a number of other reasons for a lecturer to be punished. These included: if lecturers failed to meet the standards set out in the university statutes; if they started lectures a minute late or if they went on beyond the approved time; if they failed to cover the syllabus according to an agreed timetable; and if they passed over a difficult subject or failed to emphasize each part of a difficult syllabus.

6 How many students were elected as spies?

Four students were elected as spies.

7 What did they have to do?

They were obliged to report irregularities such as bad lecturing technique, failure to cover the syllabus, or absence without leave.

8 When did students lose their power over lecturers, and why?

Students lost their power over lecturers by 1350 because the payment system was changed. Lecturers were appointed and paid by the local town councils.

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