2012年高考考前30天三轮专题提分必练绝密之三十五

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专题限时训练(三十五)

(一)

When you’re surfing the Internet on your laptop from your dorm or home，do you know your personal details are being gathered secretly? And would you be surprised to know the information may be sold cheaply to advertisers and marketers?

According to an investigation by The Wall Street Journal，all it takes is a tiny file in a computer—a single code consisting of a long series of numbers and letters—to record the computer user’s age，gender，location，favorite movies and hobbies.

The newspaper reports that Lotame Solutions Inc.，a New York company，uses sophisticated (先进的) software called a “beacon” to capture what people are typing on a website.

Lotame packages that data into profiles(个人资料)about individuals，only without their names，and sells the profiles to companies seeking customers.Batches of such data may be sold for a few dollars.

The Wall Street Journal survey discovered that spying on Internet users is one of the fastest-growing businesses on the World Wide Web.

The “cookie”—a tiny text file put on your PC by websites or marketing firms which might be used to remember your preferences for one site，or to track you across many sites is already old news.There are new and more complex tools such as “beacons” which scan in real time what people are doing on a webpage.These beacons instantly assess the Internet user’s location，income，shopping interests and even medical conditions.

Millions of Internet users around the world also face unprecedented(空前的)threats.Private，sensitive，personal and business information is being gathered and sold without their knowledge.

Companies insist the information they gather is anonymous and the data is used harmlessly. But the technology has grown so powerful that even some of the biggest websites in the US don’t know that they were installing intrusive files on visitors’ computers.These include MSN.com and Yahoo.com.

Next time you visit a webpage and find an ad banner advertising something you’ve been planning to buy，don’t be amazed that your computer can read your mind.

( )1. The purpose of the passage is to________. A．introduce a tiny file in a computer—a single code

B．show how your individual information is let out when you surf the Internet C．show how to protect your privacy

D．introduce sophisticated software called a “beacon” ( )2. It can be inferred that________.

A．because the data is used harmlessly，Internet users around the world will not face threats B．when a person surf the Internet，his personal details may be let out without his knowledge C．your computer can really read your mind

D．MSN.com and Yahoo.com. use software to capture what people are typing on a website ( )3. According to the passage, “a beacon”________． A．is a tiny text file put on your PC by websites

B．is a piece of software that can package that data into profiles about individuals

C．can assess the Internet user’s location，income，shopping interests and even medical conditions

D．is not more complex than the “cookie”

( )4. What’s the writer’s attitude to this problem? A．Neutral. B．Worried. C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent.

(二)

Some young engineers from the United States have brought the Internet to several areas of rural Kenya.

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Their idea was to connect the communities to the Web by satellite. But there was a problem.

The areas are not even connected to Kenya’s electric power supply. The answer: solar panels. Energy from the sun powers the satellite dishes (蝶形卫星天线) and computers that link the areas with the world outside.

Kelly Moran，Joan Ervin and Tricia Donajkowski spent ten days in Kenya in November. The women recently earned master’s degrees in space systems engineering from the University of Michigan.

Another engineer，Drew Heckathorn，did not go to Africa but worked on parts of the project. Kelly Moran said there was excitement when the team would arrive to connect communities to the Internet. People would sometimes run alongside the car carrying the engineers to welcome them. And local residents would offer to help the team build the Internet stations.

People now have access to educational，medical and all kinds of other information. Farmers，for example，can easily find weather，crop and price information online.

The project began back at the college of engineering in Ann Arbor，Michigan，in 2007. That was when twenty-five students in a class taught by Thomas Zurbuchen first talked about the idea.

The goal was to test whether Internet stations could be set up，how much they would cost，and how long they could operate. But the engineers also had to consider other things—like social needs. Students from the public health and business schools offered advice.

The young engineers also had to design the equipment to survive the heat in Africa. Professor Zurbuchen praised his former students for “making_something_work_in_a_different_climate_far_away_from_home.”

Google paid for the final design of the equipment. The company is also supporting the costs of the satellite bandwidth needed for the connections. Google has invested in a new company that wants to put up a system of satellites over Africa. The availability of more satellites would reduce the costs.

Just five percent of Africans have Internet connections. The International Telecommunication Union says one-third of Kenyans have mobile phones. But mobile phones may or may not work

well with the Internet.

( )1. What is the main idea of the whole passage? A．Solar energy has been used to operate the Internet.

B．Engineers from America to help the communities in Kenya. C．The Internet Stations to be set up in some areas of rural Kenya. D．The Internet to play an important part in people’s life in Kenya. ( )2. Why did Google give the project financial support? A．It is willing to help to rid Kenya’s residents of poverty.

B．The use of satellites would benefit a lot its business in Kenya. C．The project is one of its investments in Africa.

D．It wants to test whether its equipment is the best in the world.

( )3. The underlined part in the ninth paragraph suggests that ________. A．what Kelly and her partners did makes a difference to the residents in Kenya B．it is difficult for Kelly and her partners to build the Internet stations in Kenya

C．the climate in Kenya is so bad that Kelly and her partners had difficulty in building the Internet stations

D．to help Kenya build the Internet stations，Kelly and her partners had to leave their homes ( )4. From the passage we can learn that ________.

A．the idea of building the Internet stations in Kenya was put forward by Professor Zurbuchen B．the Internet stations are powered by solar energy

C．the project hasn’t got any support from Kenya’s government D．Professor Zurbuchen gave the project the technical direction

(三)

The first breath-taking pictures of the Earth taken from space showed it as a solid ball covered

by brown land-masses and blue-green oceans. We had never seen the Earth from that distance

before. To us，it appeared as though the Earth had always looked that way and always would. Scientists now know，however，that the surface of the Earth is not as permanent as we had thought.

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Scientists explain that the surface of our planet is always moving. Continents move about the

Earth like huge ships at sea. They float on pieces of the Earth’s outer skin. New outer skin is created as melted rock pushed up from below the ocean floor. Old outer skin is destroyed as it rolls down into the hot area and melts again.

Only since the 1950s have scientists really begun to understand that the planet Earth is a great living machine. Some experts have said this new understanding is one of the most important revolutions in scientific thought. The revolution is based on the work of scientists who study the movement of the continents—a science called plate tectonics.

The modern story of plate tectonics begins with the German scientist Alfred Wegener. Before World War One，Wegener argued that the continents had moved and were still moving. He said the idea first occurred to him when he observed that the coastlines of South America and Africa could fit together like two pieces of a puzzle. He proposed that the two continents might have been one and then split apart.

Wegener was not the first person to wonder about the shape of the continents. About 500 years ago，explorers thought about it when they made the first maps of Americas. The explorers noted the east coast of North America and South America would fit almost exactly into the west coast of Europe and South Africa. What the explorers did not do，but Wegener did，was to investigate the idea that the continents move.

( )1. What does the writer mainly tell us in the passage? A．The first breath-taking pictures of the Earth taken from space.

B．Human’s recognition of the earth’s surface. C．The German scientist Alfred Wegener. D．The early explorers’ discovery.

( )2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．We didn’t see the Earth from far away until we saw the picture taken in the space. B．Our ancient thought that the surface of the earth is still.

C．Alfred Wegener was not the first person to investigate the idea that the continents move. D．The coastline of India and Africa fit together.

( )3. The last word of the third paragraph “tectonics” means “________”． A．study of construction B．study of architecture C．earth surface D．structural geology

( )4. What did the explorers find?

A．The coastlines of South America and Africa could fit together. B．The coastlines of North America and Africa could fit together.

C．The east coastlines of North America and the west coast of Europe could fit together. D．The coastlines of North America and India could fit together.

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专题限时训练(三十五)

(一)

经常上网的人可能都遇到过这样的情况：浏览网页(surfing the Internet)时总是跳出一些广告，内容还都是你最近想买的商品。别误会，你的电脑还没智能到读懂你的想法——是你的个人隐私被出卖啦！赶快来看看是怎么一回事吧！

1. B 主旨大意题。本文旨在说明上网时，你的个人信息被别人收集并且被出售了。故选择B项。

2. B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段以及下文可知，当一个人上网时，他的信息有可能在自己不知道的情况下被别人所泄露或出售。

3. C 细节理解题。根据第六段beacons instantly assess the Internet user’s location, income, shopping interests and even medical conditions.可知选C项。根据第六段The “cookie”—a tiny text file put on your PC by websites可知A错误。根据第四段Lotame packages that data into profiles(个人资料)about individuals可知B错误。根据第六段There are new and more complex tools such as “beacons”可知D错误。

4. B 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段Millions of Internet users around the world also face unprecedented threats. Private, sensitive, personal and business information is being gathered and sold without their knowledge.可知，作者指出互联网用户面临着空前的威胁。所以，可以推断作者对这个问题非常的担心。所以选B。

(二)

本文主要讲了美国的一些年轻的工程师把网络带到了肯尼亚的一些贫穷的地方，使那里的人们利用网络接触外面的社会。这一想法是在一次课堂上萌发的。他们所做的一切对肯尼亚人们的生活产生了一定的影响。

1. C 主旨大意题。根据文章总的内容可以看出是美国的一些工程师将在肯尼亚建立因特网站，帮助那里的人们接触外面的世界，故选C。

2. C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的最后两句Google has invested in a…over Africa.The availability of more satellites would reduce the costs.可得出答案。

3. A 词义猜测题。根据画线前的praised，可知Zurbuchen教授对自己以前的学生的行为是认可的，因此推出画线部分的意思是Kelly和她的同伴所做的工作对肯尼亚的居民有很大的意义。

4. B 推理判断题。根据第二段的第四、五两句得出答案。

(三)

人们对地球的认识在逐步地加深，从第一张照片的诞生到现在，人们对地球越来越了解了。

1. B 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段最后一句中的 however 及全文内容可知，文章主要谈论人类对地壳表面的形成的认识。故答案选 B。

2. A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段的第一、二句可知，人们直到看到从太空对地球所拍的照片后才知道从远方看地球的情形。故答案选 A。

3. D 词义猜测题。根据其所在的句子 who study the movement of the continents—a science called plate… 及地理常识可知答案选 D。

4. C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 The explorers noted the east coast of North America and South America would fit almost exactly into the west coast of Europe and South Africa.可知答案应该选 C。

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