2016新课标创新人教英语 选修七 Unit 3 Section 3

[语法初识] 原句感知 ①I had already heard that George didn't like being kept waiting. ②As we drew closer, I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers. ③The meeting beingheld now is very important. ④He dislikes being interrupted in his experiment. ⑤Having been warned about typhoon, the fishermen sailed for the nearest harbour. ⑥I appreciated having been given the chance to study abroad two years ago. [语法剖析]

自主探究 (1)如果动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与所表示的动词是被动关系时，动词-ing形式要用被动语态。 (2)动词-ing形式分为一般式和完成式： 一般式由“being＋动词的过去分词”构成，表示一个被动的动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，如例句①、②、③、④。 (3)完成式由“havingbeen＋动词的过去分词”构成，表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，如例句⑤、⑥。 版权所有:中国好课堂www.zghkt.cn

语法点一 名称 主动 一般式 被动 主动 完成式 被动 形式 doing being done having done having been done 意义 表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作一般同时进行 表示一个被动的动作正在进行，或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生 表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前 表示一个被动动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已经完成了 动词-ing形式的被动式的构成 I don't like being laughed at in public. 我不喜欢当众被别人嘲笑。

Having been shown to the labs, we were taken to visit the library. 被带着看完实验室后，我们又被带着参观了图书馆。

即时演练1 单句语法填空

①I still remember beingtaken (take) to the Great Wall and what I saw there. ②The building beingrepaired(repair) now is our library.

③Havingbeenscolded(scold) many times, he still made the same mistakes.

语法点二 动词ing形式的被动式的用法 版权所有:中国好课堂www.zghkt.cn

动词-ing形式的被动形式，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语，但不能作谓语。

1．作主语

此时谓语动词多用单数形式；作主语的动名词的被动式前可加上自身的逻辑主语。有时可用it作形式主语。

Not being allowed to go out made him very angry. 不让他出去，他非常生气。 It's fun being takento the zoo. 有人带着去动物园很有趣。 2．作宾语

可接动名词的被动式作宾语的动词有admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, mention, mind, practise, risk, remember, forget等。

She doesn't remember having ever been givena chance to go abroad. 她不记得曾被给过出国的机会。

[点津] 很多动词短语，尤其是以“to”结尾的短语也是用动词-ing形式作宾语。如：give up, set about, keep on, insist on, put off, look forward to, contribute to, pay attention to, devote ... to, get down to, lead to, stick to等等。

He insisted on being given the hardest task. 他坚持要求派给他最艰难的任务。

He is looking forward to being praised by his parents because of his recent good results. 他一直盼望着被他的父母表扬，因为他近来成绩不错。 3．作表语

往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验，或说明主语的内容。 Her regret is being abandoned by him. 她遗憾的是被他抛弃。 4．作宾语补足语

表示动作正在进行。常用在“感官动词(see, notice, find, look at, watch, hear等)＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，当感官动词用于被动语态时，宾语补足语会变为主语补足语。

As we entered the village, we saw many new houses being built. 我进入村庄时，我看见很多新房子正在被修建。 I heard this song being sung in English then. 那时，我听过有人在用英语唱这首歌。 5．作定语

只作后置定语，表示动作正在进行、状态或长久的特点。需要注意的是现在分词的完成

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被动式不能作定语。

The questions being discussed are of great importance. 正在讨论的问题很重要。

The museum being repaired will be re-opened to visitors next year. 正在维修的博物馆将从明年开始接待客人。

[点津] being done, to be done 与done作定语的区别：

to be done作定语一般表示未来动作；done表示被动完成的动作；being done 表示被动的、正在进行的动作。

The problem to be discussed(＝which will be discussed) at the meeting is very important. 会上将要讨论的问题非常重要。

The problem discussed (＝ which was discussed) at the meeting is very important. 会上讨论过的问题非常重要。

The problem being discussed(＝ which is being discussed) at the meeting is very important. 会上正在讨论的问题非常重要。 6．作状语

可表示条件、原因、时间、伴随状况、让步等。现在分词动作发生在谓语动作之前时，现在分词多用完成式；其他情况下，现在分词通常用一般式。

Being repaired, my car can't be used now. 我的车正在修理中，所以现在无法使用。

Having been given such a good chance, how could you let it slip away? 人家给了你这样一个好机会，你怎能轻易放过？

即时演练2 2－1.单句语法填空

①Havingbeentold(tell) many times, he still repeated the same mistake. ②The young man came in quietly without beingnoticed (notice)． 2－2.句型转换

③Because he had been asked to stay, he couldn't very well leave. →Havingbeenasked to stay, he couldn't very well leave.

④Do you know what the building which is being built is used for? →Do you know what the building beingbuilt is used for?

语法点三 1．need等词后的非谓语动词

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使用动词-ing形式的被动式应注意的几个问题

一些动词如：need, want (需要), require, deserve等后的动词-ing形式的主动语态表示被动意义，也可以用不定式的被动形式来替换。

The blackboard needs cleaning. ＝ The blackboard needs to be cleaned. 黑板需要擦干净。

The broken window wants repairing. ＝ The broken window wants to be repaired. 那个破窗户需要修理。

另外注意be worth及be worthy 的用法：be worth 后常跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义。

The problem is worth discussing.

＝The problem isworthy of being discussed. ＝The problem is worthy to be discussed. 这个问题值得讨论。

2．动词-ing的被动式的否定形式

动词 -ing的被动式的否定形式为：not being done和not having been done。 He was unhappy for not having been invited to the party. 没有被邀请参加聚会，他感到很不高兴。 3．动词-ing形式被动式的复合结构

当动词-ing形式被动式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动词-ing形式之前加上物主代词或名词所有格(整个复合结构不作主语时，可用人称代词宾语代替物主代词，名词普通格代替名词所有格)。其中物主代词(名词所有格)是动词-ing形式的逻辑主语。

I am very pleased at you/your having been honoured with a medal. 我很高兴你能荣获一枚奖牌。

Li Ping's being admitted to Zhengzhou University made her family feel very happy. 李萍被郑州大学录取了，这使她的家人非常高兴。

即时演练3 3－1.单句语法填空

①The road is covered with some fallen trees and they need removing/toberemoved(remove) immediately.

②What worried the child most was his notbeingallowed(not allow) to visit his mother in the hospital.

3－2.完成句子

③Imagine yourbrotherbeingleft on an island alone.

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