宾语从句1

.宾语从句中引导词（连接词）的用法 在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有： 连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if 代词：who, whose, what ,which 副词：when ,where, how, why 等。

1．在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语) He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语) Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)

2． 宾语从句的引导词有三类： (1) 以that 引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导句形式的宾语从句， that可以省略。 eg, The radio says (that) the clouds will lift later on. She told me (that) she would like to go with us.

(2) 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。从句是陈述语序

eg, Could you tell me what's the matter with u? I want to know how soon it will begin.

(3) 以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句, If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”，主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序 eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei

由whether,if 引导的宾语从句

当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如： I don't know if ／whether he still lives here after so many years．我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。

但在下列情况下只能用whether，不能用if：

①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（if…or not也可以使用）。如：

Let me know whether ／if he will come or not．（＝Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。

I don't know whether ／if he does any washing or not．（＝I don't know whether or not he does any washing．）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。

I wonder whether we stay or whether wego．我不知道我们是去还是留。 ②在介词之后用whether。如：

I'm interested in whether he likes English．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。 We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time．我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。

③在不定式前用whether。如：

He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。 He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train．他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。

④whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：

Whether this is true or not，I can't say．这是否真的我说不上来。 ⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：

Whether she will come or not is still a question．她是否能来还是个问题。 ⑥若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如： Please let me know if you like the book．可理解为：

b．If you like the book，please let me know．你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我

．宾语从句的时态

(1) 当主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态、或一般将来时态时，从句可用所需要的任何时态。

(2) eg, I want to know what time he got up this morning. You are telling me that you won't stop until tomorrow?

(3) 当主句为一般过去时态时， 从句要用于过去有关的时态。 eg,They asked what Jean was doing now . Linda said that the train had left.

(4) 当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时。 (5) eg, Lisa asked whether light travels faster than sound. Polly said no news is a good news 注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。 1. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if

例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！ 1. The teacher asked the students ________.

A. if they were interested in dinosaurs B. when was Albert Einstein born C. what they will do with the computers D. how many trees they have planted 解析：宾语从句中从句应保持陈述语序，答案B首先删去，主句一般过去式，从句要用于过去有关的时态，删去答案C和D,答案A中的if 意为如果.应选A

2. Could you tell me _______ ?

A. what the matter is with you B. what was the matter with you C. hat's the matter with you D. what's the wrong with you .

解析：what 就是从句的主语，what's the matter with you 本身就是陈述语序，因此删掉A; 主句可看作是委婉的请求，并是一般过去式，可删去答案B; wrong 前不用加the, 因此此题选 C.

例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！ 1. The teacher asked the students ________.

A. if they were interested in dinosaurs B. when was Albert Einstein born C. what they will do with the computers D. how many trees they have planted 解析：宾语从句中从句应保持陈述语序，答案B首先删去，主句一般过去式，从句要用于过去有关的时态，删去答案C和D,答案A中的if 意为如果.应选A

2. Could you tell me _______ ?

A. what the matter is with you B. what was the matter with you C. hat's the matter with you D. what's the wrong with you .

解析：what 就是从句的主语，what's the matter with you 本身就是陈述语序，因此删掉A; 主句可看作是委婉的请求，并是一般过去式，可删去答案B; wrong 前不用加the, 因此此题选 C.

5. It makes no difference __________.

A. whether will you come tomorrow. B. Whether or not will be pass the exam C. If he will come to the meeting or not D. Whether he will come to the meeting or not

解析：答案A和B从句不是陈述语序先删掉,if 不能与 not 连用。因此此题选D

6. They don't know _______ their parents are. A.that B. what C. why D. which 解析：what 表示职业， 因此选B.

7. I am sure _______ you said is true. A. what B. that C. which D. who

解析：根据句意应用what , 做said 的内容， 你所说的话。应选A.

8. The old man told us _______ and ________.

A. to do what , to do how B. what to do it, how to do it C. what to do, how to do it D. what to do , how to do

解析： 疑问词what 即连接不定式，又做 do 的宾语； 而在how 引导的不定式短语中， how 表示方式， do 为及物动词， 因此需接宾语才正确 应选C

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