甘肃省嘉峪关市极旱区新城草湖湿地（初定稿）

89970747.doc保护与恢复项目可行性研究

甘肃省嘉峪关市极旱区新城草湖湿地

保护与恢复项目可行性研究

摘要

湿地与人类的生存、繁衍、发展息息相关，是自然界最富生物多样性的生态景观和人类最重要的生存环境之一，它不仅为人类的生产、生活提供多种资源，而且具有巨大的环境功能和效益，在抵御洪水、调节径流、蓄洪防旱、控制污染、调解气候、控制土壤侵蚀、美化环境等方面有其他系统不可替代的作用，被誉为“地球之肾”，受到全世界范围的广泛关注。在世界自然资源保护联盟（IUCN）、联合国环境规划属（UNEP）和世界自然基金会（WWF）世界自然保护大纲中，湿地与森林、海洋一起并称为全球三大系统。目前全国已建立湿地自然保护区三百多个，近40％自然湿地纳入保护范围，得到了较好的保护。我国政府还制定了《中国湿地保护行动计划》、《全国湿地保护工程规划》，完成了首次全国湿地资源调查，为进一步加强湿地保护管理奠定了基础。

绵延1000多公里的河西走廊北临腾格里和巴丹吉林沙漠，是北方最强的沙尘暴策源地和生态环境比较脆弱的地区。嘉峪关市位于河西走廊中部，是西北最大的冶金工业基地，是甘肃省著名的工业旅游城市和国家卫生城市，也是甘肃省规划建设的生态园林城市。嘉峪关市横跨酒泉、赤金东西两盆地，南有祁连山，主峰高5564m，北靠黑山，主峰高2799，东坡南有坡度较缓的文殊山。境内从黑山下的榆树沟北向东南至文殊山发育为嘉峪关大断层，全长35Km，它具有独特的地质结构，它的发生和发展完全改变了嘉峪关市的水文地质条件，对全市供水水源地的形成和地下水的径流排泄发生着重要的控制作用。断层下翼东部地区，由于鸳鸯山的隆起，基底再次抬高，与西部相比，地层颗粒变细，层次多，呈现地貌多样性的特点，自东南文殊山下向东北以12.25‰的坡度倾斜，形成山前冲积扇。绿洲随地形被戈壁分割为点、块、条状。全部土地为古生代（寒武纪—二叠纪）岩石风化后经水、风、冰川和重力作用再搬运，再沉淀而分布于山前戈壁平原上。

兰州大学硕士论文

大草滩、二草滩和新城草湖是嘉峪关地下水的主要排泄渠道，也是嘉峪关165.54k?天然亚高山草甸草场的主要分布区域。嘉峪关新城草湖处于嘉峪关市黑山北翼以东冲积平原，区域为祁连山亚高山草甸草原，是新城镇北部沙漠与农田的过渡地带，同时也是距离该区域较近的“七一”冰川、冰沟地区高原禽类的栖息地和新城镇主要的生态屏障。区内水面达333.3h?以上，泉水年涌出量在3000万m3以上，是拱北梁水库、锅盖梁水库的源泉。天然草场达6000 h?以上，属于干旱沙漠边缘的绿洲类型区，地下水丰富，地下水位在3—5m之间，为不可多得的荒漠生态资源。

然而，随着人口的急剧增加、农业用地的扩张和经济的快速发展，加之对湿地的不合理开发利用、过牧、风沙侵蚀等因素的综合作用，导致天然湿地日益减少，绿洲萎缩、土地沙化加剧，致使湿地资源遭到了严重的破坏，自然湿地的生态服务功能明显退化，严重危及湿地生物的生存环境。这不仅直接影响嘉峪关市的经济社会全面、协调、可持续发展，而且危及到人们的生存环境。国家荒漠化监测成果表明，河西地区是甘肃省荒漠化最严重的地区之一，沙漠化和干旱是制约本地区经济发展的主要因素。

嘉峪关市是极旱区新城草湖湿地毗邻城市，区内生态资源丰富，是河西地区不可多得的湿地资源，对其进行恢复和重建对构建嘉峪关市生态经济系统的框架，改善城乡人居环境，促进区内经济社会可持续发展有重要的意义，是急需建设的生态保护工程。

关键词：嘉峪关市；新城草湖湿地；保护与恢复项目；可行性研究

89970747.doc保护与恢复项目可行性研究

Feasibility Study on Extremely Dry Area- Xin Cheng CaoHu Marsh Protects and Restores Project in Jiayuguan City ,Gansu Province of China

Abstract

Wetlands are closely related to human survival, reproduction and development, it is a natural ecological landscape that is the richest biological diversity and one of the most important the living environment of human beings. It not only provide a variety of resources of production and survival, but also has great environmental function and benefits. In withstanding floods, regulate runoff, flood and drought, pollution control, mediation climate, soil erosion control, landscaping, etc., wetlands known as \kidneys\have an irreplaceable role in other systems, by the worldwide widespread concern. In World Conservation Commitments, wetlands and forests, oceans known as the world's top three systems. At present China has established more than 300 wetland nature reserves, nearly 40% of the natural wetlands included in the scope of protection, have been well protected. My Government has also formulated the \Wetland Protection Action Plan\\wetland protection project planning\completed the first national survey of wetland resources, wetland protection and management in order to further strengthen the foundation.

Hexi corridor stretching more than 1,000 kilometers, north to the Tengger and Badain Jaran desert, is a central source of the dust storms in northern of china and the areas that ecological environment is relatively fragile. JiaYu Guan City is located in the middle of Hexi Corridor, it is the Northwest's largest metallurgical industrial base in Gansu Province, a famous tourist city and national health industrial cities, is also a ecological garden city in the planning

兰州大学硕士论文

and construction in Gansu Province . Jiayuguan City, across the Jiuquan,Chijin basin, the south Qilian Mountain, the high peak 5564m, the north Black mountain, the main peak 2799m, the east-south Wenshu mountain, gentler slope. The territory of Jiayuguan city, there is a largth fault(length 35Km)from Elm channel to Wenshu mountain, it has a unique geological structure, which completely changed the drogeological conditions of Jiayuguan city, plays an important role in the control of source and groundwater. The eastern part of the fault from the southeast to the northeast slope inclined to 12.25 ‰ to form a piedmont alluvial fan. Desert oasis is divided into points, blocks, strip by gobi with the changes of terrain. All the land is formed by the Paleozoic (Cambrian - Permian) rocks after weathering by water, wind, glaciers and gravity , then distributed to the piedmont plains of the Gobi through the re-precipitation.

Da Caotan, Er Caotan and the Xincheng Caohu is the main drainage channel of Jiayuguan groundwater, is also the main distribution area of 165.54k ? natural sub-alpine meadow in Jiayuguan city. New Town Caohu of Jiayuguan city is located in the alluvial plain of the northern foot of Black Mountain to the east , Qilian Mountain sub-alpine meadow grassland, is the transition zone from the farmland to desert in new towns north , but also from the region closer to the \glacier, ice Gap area, the plateau habitat of birds and a major ecological barrier for the new town. At this area, there are water surface area over 333.3hm3, fountain gush annual volume of more than 30 million m3, is the source of Gongbei Liang and Guogai Liang reservoir . Natural grassland up to 6000 h ? above, belonging to the oasis areas in edge of arid desert . groundwater is rich , groundwater level between the 3-5m , is rare desert ecological resources. However, with the dramatic increase in population, agricultural land expansion and rapid economic development, coupled with the irrational to the development and utilization for wetlands, over-grazing, wind and sand erosion and other factors, led to dwindling natural wetlands, the oasis atrophy, land desertification intensified, wetland resources have been severely

89970747.doc保护与恢复项目可行性研究

damaged, ecosystem services of natural wetlands have been significantly degenerated and seriously jeopardize the survival of wetland environments. This is not only a direct impact on Jiayuguan city in the economic and social comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development, but also endanger the people's living environment. National desertification monitoring results indicate that the Hexi area is one of the areas which the desertification is the most serious in Gansu Province, desertification and drought are the main factors constraining the economic development of the region. Jiayuguan city is next to New Town Caohu wetlands, the territory rich in ecological resources, is rare wetland resourcea in Hexi area.In terms of establishing a development framework,to promote economic development, improving the environment,etc., rehabilitation and reconstruction of the region's ecosystem is of great significance.

Key words: Jayuguan city; XinCheng CaoHu marsh; protects and restores Project; feasibility Study

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/9b2p.html