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2012年寒假中学生初二语法班教案

Lecture1 名词

基础词汇：（20个）

internet 网络 medicine 药物 honey 蜂蜜 programmer 程序师 programme 节目 advice 建议 throat 喉咙 homeland 家乡 habit 习惯 tofu 豆腐 problem 问题 fortune-teller 算命人 chocolate 巧克力 teeth 牙齿 reporter 记者 science 科学 vegetable 蔬菜 dentist 牙医 artist 艺术家 turkey 火鸡 固定用法：（7个）

computer programmer 电脑编程师 I have a sore throat! 我嗓子疼！ car accident 交通事故 junk food 垃圾食品 big salary 丰厚的薪水 family get-together 家庭聚会 I have a healthy lifestyle. 我有一个健康的生活方式。 语法解析：

一、名词分类 ㈠可数名词

1. 可数名词是指能数得清的人或事物。 例如： ㈡不可数名词

1. 不可数名词没有单复数之分, 不能直接用数词来修饰, 若要表示数量关系，必须借助于其他数词来表示。用“（可数）名词+of+不可数名词”来表示, 其数量也应通过of前面的名词体现出来。 例如：water

常见的不可数名词列表 物质 bread, milk, water, paper, meat, fish, chicken, medicine, 名词 抽象 名词 money, beef, pork, coffee, pizza, chocolate, beer, salt, sugar, tea, rice Work, homework, housework, information, news, music, weather, traffic, knowlege 特殊①： 在英语中，有些名词既是可数名词又是不可数名词。在使用时要依据上下文来判断。这些词有： chicken , fish，food, fruit，glass，paper

特殊②：专有名词：多指人名、地名、国名、书名、语言、月份、星期、节日等，故它的首字母要大写。如：Tom, Paris, China, English等。它一般不与定冠词连用。 特殊③：集体名词：police\\family\\class 二、名词的数

可数名词单数变复数的基本规则：

情 况 一般情况 以辅音字母加O结尾的词 以s, sh, ch, x等结尾的词 以辅音字母加y结尾的词 以f或fe结尾的词 ㈠规则变化 ㈡不规则变化

不可数名词的数：

不可数名词一般只有单数形式，没有复数形式，可借助单位词表式一定的数量： 例如：a bottle of milk a cup of coffee

三、名词所有格 ㈠两种结构 1所有者‘s+所有物

构成方法 加-s 加-es 加-es 例 词 book→books boy→boys potato→potatoes tomato→tomatoes bus→buses watch →watches 变y为i再加-es family→families party→parties 去f或fe加ves half→halves knife→knives 1）单数在词尾加____，如：

2）复数以s结尾的，在词尾加___, 如： 3）不以s结尾的复数名词，在词尾加____，如：

2、 所有物+of+所有者。如：the door of the house这座房子的门。 举例：

㈡用and连接的两个名词 1)、如果为两人共有的， 2)、如果不是共有的，

㈢表示时间、距离等无生命和表示世界、国家、城镇等的名词, 举例：

㈣双重所有格：它由“of+名词所有格”构成。如：a friend of my father’s.

㈤复合名词的复数：

习题精炼：

一、单项选择题

1、---Are there any ____ on the farm? ---Yes, there are some.

A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep 2、--- What can I do for you? --- I’d like two ____

A. bottle of milk B. bottles of milks C. bottles of milk D. bottle of milks 3、There is only one__ doctor and several__ nurses in this hospital. A. man, woman B. man, women C. men, woman D. men, women 4、This is ___ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.

A. Ann and Jane B. Ann’s and Jane’s C. Ann’s and Jane D. Ann and Jane’s 5、We’ll have a ___ holiday. What about going to the Great Wall? A. four days B. two-day C. five-days D. three day’s 6、Paul has ___ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.

A. many B. some C. few D. more 7、How many ____ can you see in the picture? A. water B. child C. deer D. memory 8、This is an old photo of mine when I ___.

A. have short hair B. had long hair C. have long hairs D. will have long hair 9、---- Where are the ______?

----They are playing____ football on the playground.

A. boys students; the B. boy’s students; the C. boy students; / D. boy’s students; /

10、I have to speak to my grandpa loudly because there’s something wrong with his __.

A. eyes B. legs C. mouth D. ears 11、This is ___ reading-room.

A. the teacher’s B. teacher’s C. teachers’ D. the teachers’ 12、Nothing was found but ___ broken.

A. the room window B. the room’s window C. the room of the window D. the window of room

13、How many___ would you like?

A. paper B. bread C. pieces of papers D. pieces of bread 14、Please get me a new ___ when you go to town. A. clothes B. dress C. clothing D. trousers 15、There are 34___ doctors in the hospital.

A. woman B. women C. woman’s D. women’s 16、Old as he is, he has ___to do every day.

A. a lot of work B. much works C. lots of homeworks D. quite a lot of homeworks 17、Have you read ___newspaper yet?

A. today’s B. Today’s C. the today’s D. your today’s 18、It’s not far, only ___walk from here to our school.

A. a ten minutes B. ten minutes C. a ten minutes’ D. ten minutes’ 19、Last month, he wrote me ___letter.

A. a 1000-word B. 1000 words C. a 1000-words D. 1000 words’ 20. Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest ___ shop? A. shoes B. shoe C . shoes’ D. shoe’s 21. I’m going to call at ___ this evening.

A. Mr. Black B. the Blacks C. Mr. Black’s D. Blacks’

22. There are some ___waiting for you outside.

A. German B. American C. grown-up D. Japanese 23. Their factory has developed a kind of ___ to help people walk. A. machine B. machines C. a machine D. the machine 24. There’re many ___ in my brother’s album. A. leafs B. toys C. books D. stamps

25. Yesterday I went to the super market and bought a lot of ___. A. tomatoes B. potatos C. vegetable D. meats

26. The teacher said we needed to choose three_____for the school concert. A. farmers B. doctors C. drivers D. singers 27. ---Sorry, Jane I took your school bag by________. ---It doesn’t matter.

A. hand B. mistake C. bike D. heart 28. ---Would you like some more________? -----Thanks, I’m full already.

A. banana B. bread C. cake D. water

29.----I want to go to different places, but I don’t know the________. ----A map is helpful, I think.

A. price B. way C. time D. ticket

30. This is_______room.The twin sisters like it very much. A. Lucy’s and lily’s B. Lucy’s and Lily C. Lucy and Lily’s 二、用所给词的适当形式填空

1. Look, there are so many_______(bus)and_________(people)in the street. 2. The__________(tomato)on the plate are fresh. 3. Keep quiet.The________(child)are all asleep.

4. Shanghai is one of the largest__________(city)in China.

5. Please pass me four___________(glass)and two___________(knife).

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