sp04火电与太阳能联合运行

Annual Report

2004 Edited by M. Geyer

in cooperation with

S. Jones, A. Meier, C. Richter, W. Weiss

International Energy Agency (IEA)

Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems

Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V.

Cover picture:

Part 2:

Special report on the Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Global Market Initiative (GMI)

International Energy Agency (IEA) Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems SolarPACES

Annual Report 2004

Edited by

M. Geyer

in cooperation with

S. Jones

A. Meier

C. Richter

W. Weiss

February, 2005

Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V.

K?ln/Germany

ii Annual

Report

2004

SolarPACES

Further information on the IEA-SolarPACES Program can be

obtained from the Secretary, from the Operating Agents or

from the SolarPACES web site on the Internet

86eacebdf121dd36a32d82d5.

The opinions and conclusions expressed in this report are those

of the authors and not of DLR.

Editors

Michael Geyer Executive Secretary SolarPACES SolarPACES SECRETARIAT

Avda. de la Paz, 51

04720 Aguadulce (Almería)

Spain

+34-950-349810

Fax: +34-950-343112

e-mail: solarpaces@dlr.de

Scott Jones Operating Agent Task I Sandia National Laboratories

Dept. 6216 MS-0703

P.O. Box 5800

Albuquerque, NM 87185-0703

+1

505

8440238

Fax: +1

505

8447786

e-mail: sajones@86eacebdf121dd36a32d82d5

Anton Meier Operating Agent Task II Paul Scherrer Institute

CH-5232 Villigen-PSI

Switzerland

+41-56-3103124

Fax: +41-56-3103160

e-mail: aldo.steinfeld@psi.ch

Christoph Richter Operating Agent Task III DLR TT (PSA)

Aptdo. 39

04200 Tabernas (Almería)

Spain

+34 950 387948

Fax: +34 950 365313

e-mail: christoph.richter@psa.es

Werner Weiss Operating Agent Task IV AEE INTEC

Arbeitsgemeinschaft ERNEUERBARE EN

Institute for Sustainable Technologies

Feldgasse 19

A-8200 Gleisdorf

Austria

SolarPACES Forward iii

Foreword Hello everyone! As the newly-elected Chair of SolarPACES, I want to take this opportunity to thank our former Chair, Craig Tyner, for all that he has done to support and guide our group over the last 10+ years. It was on Craig’s watch that the first stirrings of commercial deployment were felt in Spain and that the Global Market Initiative emerged as a means to extend deployment opportunities around the world. On behalf of SolarPACES, I want to thank Craig for his leadership and direction in setting us on our current course; one which we

believe will make Concentrating Solar the clean power

generation option in the sun-belt regions around the world.

While many know me, I would like to tell the rest of you a little

bit about my background and experience. I’ve been working

in solar energy R&D for more than 30 years and in solar thermal,

or concentrating solar power, for almost all of that time. Prior to

joining the staff of Sandia National Laboratories, I was a

Professor of Mechanical Engineering at New Mexico State

University in Las Cruces, New Mexico. I am currently the CSP

Program Manager at Sandia National Laboratories. Over the

years, I’ve worked in the following technical areas: active solar

heating and cooling, passive heating and cooling,

concentrating collector design, dish Stirling systems, and CSP

incentives and deployment. Most recently, much of my time is

spent working with states in the southwest U. S. to help them

understand how much CSP power they can deploy based on

different scenarios for the incentives they can offer. More

important to the states, of course, is determining what the cost

of the incentives is going to be to their tax or rate payers.

Okay, so what do I see as the future of SolarPACES? As with

any volunteer organization, I firmly believe that the best and

most effective activities are the ones that are brought forward

by the membership, not the ones imposed “from above” by the

Executive Committee. Our current organization structure

centers around three active and two cooperative tasks, as

follows:

Task I: Solar Thermal Electric Systems

(Acting OA: Scott Jones)

Task II: Solar Chemistry (OA: Anton Meier)

Task III: Solar Technology and Advanced Applications

(OA: Christoph Richter)

Task IV: Solar Heating for Industrial Process Heat

(Cooperative with SHC)

Task V: Resource Knowledge Management

(Cooperative with PVPS)

Within our core work areas, Tasks I – III, we have activities that

fall into one or more areas: information sharing, task sharing

through member countries, task sharing through SolarPACES,

and cost sharing. While I recognize that it is difficult for some

member countries to cost and task-share activities, the formation of the European Union has made this type of activity

Tom Mancini Chairman, SolarPACES

Executive Committee

SolarPACES

2004

Report

iv Annual

easier for others. I want to encourage continued sharing of tasks

and activities both within and outside of SolarPACES as a means

to leverage our limited resources toward achieving our goal –

the deployment of CSP systems. The fruits of the technical

labors associated with these three tasks were presented in more

than 90 papers at the extremely successful 12th International

SolarPACES Symposium in Oaxaca, Mexico, in October of 2004.

Our congratulations and thanks for doing such a wonderful job

organizing the Symposium go out to Jorge Huacuz, Carlos

Ramos and their Team.

The two cooperative tasks listed above were suggested by

members of SolarPACES, who saw both the need for the

exchange of information and the value to our group in working

with the Solar Heating and Cooling and Photovoltaic Power

Systems IEA working agreements. In addition, we are

evaluating two other potential working relationships involving

the CSP Global Market Initiative and the Electric Power

Research Institute’s Solar Thermal Interest Group.

With regard to our goal of deploying CSP systems during

2004, we have seen the start of installation of the Andasol

trough plants and PS 10 in Spain; SolarGenix continues to

negotiate on a trough plant in Nevada, USA; and a large trough

plant request for terms is being issued in Israel. Also, projects in

Algeria, France, Germany, and Italy continue to make

significant progress.

I want to close my first letter to the SolarPACES community by

issuing three challenges in the form of questions for each of you

to consider in 2005.

Challenge 1: What technical and programmatic activities

should SolarPACES focus on in 2005?

Challenge 2: What can SolarPACES do to support solar

thermal generation of hydrogen?

Challenge 3: What can SolarPACES do better in support of

the Global Market Initiative?

I invite you to join me in seeking answers to these questions

during the coming year and to keep our goal in sight –

deploying CSP systems around the world.

Tom Mancini

SolarPACES Executive Committee

SolarPACES Table of Contents v

Table of Contents

Page

FOREWORD

T. Mancini (iii)

1 REPORT OF THE SOLARPACES

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE FOR 2004

M. Geyer...................................................................................1.3

1.1 O BJECTIVES,S TRATEGY AND S COPE..........................................1.4

1.2 P ARTICIPATION OF C OUNTRIES,R&D I NSTITUTIONS,

U TILITIES AND I NDUSTRY.............................................................1.4

1.3 T HE S OLAR PACES W ORK P ROGRAM.......................................1.6

1.4 C O-ORDINATION WITH O THER B ODIES.....................................1.10

1.5 CSP G LOBAL M ARKET I NITIATIVE AT THE R ENEWABLES

2004C ONFERENCE IN B ONN.................................................1.11

1.6 I NFORMATION D ISSEMINATION................................................1.15

1.7 S CALE OF A CTIVITIES IN 2004.................................................1.18

2 T HE C ONCENTRATING S OLAR P OWER (CSP)G LOBAL M ARKET I NITIATIVE

(GMI)

R. Aringhoff...............................................................................2.3

2.1 I NTRODUCTION........................................................................2.3

2.2 O VERVIEW OF CSP T ECHNOLOGIES..........................................2.5

2.3 CSP C OSTS............................................................................2.6

2.4 B ENEFITS OF CSP.....................................................................2.7

2.5 CSP G LOBAL M ARKET I NITIATIVE...............................................2.8

2.6 R EQUIRED E LEMENTS OF THE CSP GMI......................................2.8

2.6.1 Targets.................................................................2.8

2.6.2 Tariffs.....................................................................2.9

2.6.3 Financing.............................................................2.9

2.6.4 Regulation...........................................................2.9

SolarPACES

vi Annual

2004

Report

2.7 D IFFERENT S TRATEGIES FOR D IFFERENT R EGIONS..........................2.9

2.7.1 R EGION I..............................................................2.10

2.7.2 R EGION II.............................................................2.10

2.7.3 R EGION III............................................................2.11

2.8 B ENEFITS OF THE GMI............................................................2.11

2.9 N EXT S TEPS AND O RGANIZATION............................................2.12

2.10 B ONN R ENEWABLES 2004C ONFERENCE.................................2.13

3 TASK I: SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRIC SYSTEMS

S. Jones......................................................................................3.3

3.1 NATURE OF WORK&OBJECTIVES.....................................3.3

3.2 ORGANIZATION AND STRUCTURE:...................................3.3

3.3 STATUS OF THE TECHNOLOGY..........................................3.4

3.4 PROGRAM OF WORK IN2003...........................................3.7

3.5 PARTICIPATION AND NATIONAL

CONTRIBUTIONS.................................................................3.8

3.6 COOPERATION WITH INDUSTRY........................................3.9

3.7 SUMMARY OF ACHIEVEMENTS IN2003............................3.9

3.7.1 Sector I.1. Central Generation Systems........3.9

3.7.2 Sector I.2. Distributed Generation

Systems..............................................................3.13

3.7.3 Sector I.3. CSP Market Development...........3.16

3.8 OUTLOOK..........................................................................3.18

3.9 MEETINGS,REPORTS,LITERATURE....................................3.18

4 TASK II: SOLAR CHEMISTRY

A. Meier.................................................................................... 4.3

4.1 N ATURE OF W ORK &O BJECTIVES.............................................4.3

4.2 S TATUS OF T ECHNOLOGY.........................................................4.4

4.2.1 Solar Production of Energy Carriers................4.5

4.2.2 Solar Processing of Chemical

Commodities....................................................4.18

4.2.3 Solar Detoxification and Recycling of

Waste Materials...............................................4.20

4.3 R EFERENCES..........................................................................4.26

5 TASK III: SOLAR TECHNOLOGY AND ADVANCED

APPLICATIONS

C. Richter...................................................................................5.3

5.1 N ATURE OF W ORK &O BJECTIVES.............................................5.3

5.2 S TATUS OF T ECHNOLOGY.........................................................5.4

5.2.1 C OMPONENTS AND S UBSYSTEMS...............................................5.4

5.2.2 Tools and Test Facilities.....................................5.4

Applications......................5.5

5.2.3 Technologies

and

5.3 U PDATED P ROGRAM OF W ORK FOR 2004................................5.5

SolarPACES Table of Contents vii

5.4 P ARTICIPATION AND N ATIONAL C ONTRIBUTIONS.........................5.6

5.5 C OOPERATION WITH I NDUSTRY..................................................5.6

5.6 S UMMARY OF A CHIEVEMENTS...................................................5.7

5.6.1 Sector III.1: SOLAR SPECIFIC

TECHNOLOGY, COMPONENTS AND

SUBSYSTEMS.........................................................5.7

5.6.2 Sector III.2: Supporting Tools and Test

Facilities.............................................................5.13

5.6.3 Sector III.3: Advanced Technologies

and Applications..............................................5.18

5.7 O UTLOOK.............................................................................5.19

5.8 M EETINGS,R EPORTS P UBLICATIONS.........................................5.19

5.8.1 M EETINGS..............................................................5.19

5.8.2 L ITERATURE.............................................................5.20

6 SOLAR HEATING FOR INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES

W. Weiss.....................................................................................6.3

6.1 N ATURE OF W ORK AND O BJECTIVES..........................................6.3

6.2 S COPE OF THE T ASK..................................................................6.4

6.3 O RGANIZATION AND S TRUCTURE...............................................6.5

6.3.1 Collaboration with other IEA Programs..........6.5

6.3.2 Duration...............................................................6.5

6.4 ACTIVITIES DURING2004....................................................6.5

6.4.1 S UBTASK A:S OLAR P ROCESS H EAT S URVEY AND

D ISSEMINATION OF T ASK R ESULTS...............................6.5

6.4.2 SUBTASK B: Investigation of industrial

energy systems...................................................6.8

6.4.3 Subtask C: Collectors and Components.......6.9

6.4.4 Subtask D: System Integration and

Demonstration..................................................6.11

6.5 W ORK PLANNED FOR 2005....................................................6.12

6.5.1 S UBTASK A:S OLAR Process H EAT S URVEY AND

D ISSEMINATION OF T ASK R ESULTS.............................6.12

6.5.2 Subtask B: Investigation of Industrial

Energy Systems.................................................6.12

6.5.3 Subtask C: Collectors and Components.....6.12

6.5.4 Subtask D: System Integration and

Demonstration..................................................6.13

6.6 R EPORTS AND M EETINGS........................................................6.14

6.7 T ASK 33N ATIONAL C ONTACTS...............................................6.14

7 KEY PERSONS AND INSTITUTIONS.............................................7.3

SolarPACES

2004

Report

viii Annual

SolarPACES Acronyms ix

List of Acronyms

AEE.............Austrian Ministry of Transport, Innovation and

Technology

ANU............Australian National University

AOP............ advanced oxidation process

APS.............Arizona Public Service Co. (USA)

ASHRAE......American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and

Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.

ASME..........American Society of Mechanical Engineers (USA)

AUS.............Australia

BBW............Swiss Federal Office of Science and Education BFE..............Swiss Federal Office of Energy (CH) BMU............Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature

Conservation and Nuclear Safety (D) BRA............. Brazil CB............... carbon black CC.............. combined cycle 86eacebdf121dd36a32d82d5bined cycle gas turbine CDM........... clean development mechanisms 86eacebdf121dd36a32d82d5missariat à l’Energie Atomique (F) CEC............California Energy Commission CEPEL.........Centro de Pesquisas de Energía Eléctrica (BRA) CERTH........Centre for Research and Technology Hellas

(GR)

CESI............Centro Elettrotecnico Sperimentale Italiano CFD............ computational fluid dynamics 86eacebdf121dd36a32d82d5isión Federal de Electricidad (MEX) CH..............Switzerland 86eacebdf121dd36a32d82d5bined heat and power 86eacebdf121dd36a32d82d5isión Interministerial de Ciencia y

Tecnología (E)

CIEMAT......Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas

Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (E) 86eacebdf121dd36a32d82d5pact linear fresnel reflector CNPq.........Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento

Científico e Tecnológico (BRA) CNRS..........Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

(F)

86eacebdf121dd36a32d82d5pound parabolic collector CPV............ concentrating photovoltaic CRC...........Clausius Rankine cycle CSE............. concentrating solar energy CSIC...........Higher Council for Scientific Research (E) 86eacebdf121dd36a32d82d5monwealth Scientific and Research

Organisation (AUS) CSP.............Concentrating Solar Power CST.............Concentrating Solar Technologies

x Annual

Report

2003

SolarPACES

D................. Germany

DG RDT....... Directorate General Research Development

and Technology (EC)

DG TREN..... Directorate General Transport and Energy (EC)

DISS............. Direct Solar Steam

DISP............. Distributed Solar Power (IL)

DK............... Denmark

DLC............. Dagget Leasing Corporation

DLR.............. Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V.

(D)

DOE............ Department of Energy (USA)

DSG............ direct steam generation

E.................. Spain

EC............... European Commission

ECN............ Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands

ECP............. Ecole Centrale Paris (F)

EGY............. Egypt

EM2C.......... Energetics and Combustion, Department of

Mechanical Engineering, ECP (F)

ENEA........... Agency for New Technology, Energy and the

Environment (I)

ENIG........... National School of Engineers of Gabes (Tunisia)

ENSMP........ Ecole des Mines de Paris (F)

EPFL............. Ecole Polytec. Federale de Lausanne (CH)

ESTF............. High School of Technology of Fés (Morocco)

ESTIA........... European Solar Thermal Industry Association

ETH.............. Institute of Energy Technology (CH)

EU................ European Union

EUREC......... European Renewable Energy Centres Agency

ExCo........... Executive Committee (SolarPACES)

F.................. France

5th or 6th FP 5th or 6th Framework Programme (EU DG RDT)

GEF............. Global Environmental Facility

GMI............. Global Market Initiative

GMI IMT...... GMI Interim Management Team

GR............... Greece

HREM.......... high resolution electron microscopy

HVAC......... Heating, ventilation, air conditioning

I................... Italy

ICMAB........ Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (E)

IEA............... International Energy Agency

IHP............... ‘Improving Human Research Potential’

program (EC)

IIE................. Instituto de Investigaciones Eléctricas (MEX)

IL.................. Israel

IMNR........... Institute for Non-ferrous and Rare Metals (RO),

INCO.......... International Cooperation Programme (EC) INETI............ Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inova??o (P) ISCCS.......... integrated solar combined cycle system

SolarPACES Acronyms xi ISES.............International Solar Energy Society

KFUPM........King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals

(SA)

KfW.............Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (D)

KJC.............Kramer Junction Company

KJCOC....... KJC Operating Company

86eacebdf121dd36a32d82d5boratoire d'application de la Chimie al'environnement (F)

LCA............ life cycle analysis LFR..............linear Fresnel reflector LLC.............Limited liability company (USA) LPG.............liquid petroleum gas 86eacebdf121dd36a32d82d5boratoire des Sciences du Génie Chimique

(France)

MAR........... Morocco

MaReCos..Maximum Reflector Collectors MCPV.........Miniature Concentrating PV MEDA.........Mediterranean Development Aid MENAREC..Middle East and North Africa Renewable

Energy Conference MEX............ Mexico

MTBF...........mean time between failure MTSA..........Multi-Tower Solar Array Project MWSF.........Megawatt Solar Furnace (F) MSSFs.........Medium Size Solar Furnaces (F) NEAL..........New Energy Algeria NC..............National Coordinator (SolarPACES Task II) NG.............. natural gas NMR........... nuclear magnetic resonance NREA..........National Renewable Energy Agency (EGY) NREL...........National Renewable Energies Laboratory (USA) NSTTF..........National Solar Thermal Test Facility (USA) NSW............New South Wales (AUS)

NT ..............Northern Territory (AUS)

O&M..........Operation and Maintenance OA..............Operating Agent (SolarPACES)

OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and

Development ONE............Office National de l’Electricite (Morocco)

P.................. Portugal

PDVSA........ Petróleos de Venezuela PEM............proton exchange membrane PHS.............priority hazardous substances PIER............Public Interest Energy Research Program PIV..............particle image velocimetry PLIF.............planar laser induced fluorescence POP............persistent organic pollutants PoW............ Plan of Work

PROJEMA.. Regional Project for Environmental Impact

Evaluation (Morocco)

xii Annual

Report

2003

SolarPACES

PROMES..... Laboratoire Procédés, Matériaux et Energie

Solaire, CNRS (F)

PSA............. Plataforma Solar de Almería (E)

PSI............... Paul Scherrer Institute (CH)

PUCN.......... Public Utilities Commission of Nevada (USA)

PVD............. physical vapor deposition

PVDF+......... polyvinylidenedifluoride

RE................ renewable energies

RFP.............. Request for proposals

REWP.......... Renewable Energy Working Party

RO............... Romania

SAIC............ Science Applications International Corp. (USA)

SBP.............. Schlaich Bergermann und Partner (D)

SEGS........... Solar Electric Generating Systems

SEIA............. Solar Energy Industries Association (USA)

SEM............. Scanning electron microscope

SES............... Stirling Engine Systems, Inc.

SHC............. Solar Heating and Cooling Agreement (IEA)

SHIP............. Solar Heat for Industrial Processes

SMUD.......... Sacramento Municipal Utility District

SNL.............. Sandia National Laboratories (USA)

SolarPACES Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems

SPE.............. Dutch Society of Petroleum Engineers (NL)

START.......... Solar Thermal Analysis, Review and Training

STP............... Solar thermal power

TRNSYS........ TRaNsient SYstem Simulation Program

TUN.............. Tunisia

UC............... University of Colorado (USA)

UK................ United Kingdom

UNDP.......... United Nations Development Program

UNEP........... United Nations Environment Program

UNLV........... University of Nevada Las Vegas (USA)

UNSW.......... University of New South Wales (Aus)

USA............. United States of America

USYD........... University of Sydney (Aus)

WGA........... Western Governors Association (USA)

WGA........... WGAssociates (USA)

WIS.............. Weizman Institute of Science (Israel)

WSSD.......... World Summit on Sustainable Development Johannesburg 2002

XRD............. x-ray diffraction ZA................ Republic of South Africa ZSW............. Zentrum für Sonnenenergie und Wasserstoff-

Forschung (D)

SolarPACES Acronyms xiii

SolarPACES Report of the SolarPACES Executive Committee for 2004 1.1

Part 1: Report of the

SolarPACES Executive

Committee

for 2004

by

Michael Geyer

IEA SolarPACES

Executive Secretary

1.2 Annual Report 2004 SolarPACES

SolarPACES Report of the SolarPACES Executive Committee for 2004 1.3

1Report of the SolarPACES

Executive Committee for

2004

Part 1 of this Report, which gives an overview of results and

achievements of the SolarPACES Implementing Agreement in

2004, is submitted to the IEA by the SolarPACES Executive Com-

mittee as stipulated in Article 3(f) of the Implementing Agree-

ment.

Part 2 presents the Concentrated Solar Power Global Market

Initiative (GMI), which was endorsed by seven governments at

the Renewables 2004 Conference in Bonn to facilitate and ex-

pedite the building of 5,000 MWe of CSP plants worldwide over

the next 10 years.

The more detailed, technically substantial, non-proprietary in-

formation on the progress of the SolarPACES Project and its re-

sults is given by the four SolarPACES Operating Agents in Parts 3,

4, 5 and 6 of this report.

As in previous years, it is also the aim of the Annual Report for

the year 2004 to inform member country institutions and part-

ners inside and outside the IEA on progress in developing Con-

centrating Solar Technologies (CST) for near and long-term

competitive markets. In this sense, this report exceeds the for-

mal IEA reporting requirements.

1.4 Annual Report 2004

SolarPACES

1.1Objectives, Strategy and Scope

The objectives of the IEA SolarPACES Strategic Plan expand the role of this Implementing Agreement from one that has been focused largely on technology development to one ad-dressing the full range of activities necessary to overcome bar-riers to large-scale adoption of concentrating solar technology. Prime objectives of the Strategic Plan are to:

1.Support TECHNOLOGY development

2.Support MARKET development

3.Expand AWARENESS of the technology

It is available in its unabridged form at the IEA SolarPACES website: 86eacebdf121dd36a32d82d5.

The IEA SolarPACES vision and mission focus on overcoming the technical, non-technical, institutional, and financial barriers to the deployment of CSP technologies.

IEA SolarPACES VISION To make by 2010 a significant contribution with concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies to the delivery of clean, sustainable energy services in the world's sun belt.

IEA SolarPACES MISSION To facilitate, co-ordinate and maintain concentrating solar technology research, development and demonstration through international co-operation and informa-tion exchange, leading to the deploy-ment and commercialization of sustain-able, reliable, efficient and cost-competitive concentrating solar power technologies.

IEA SolarPACES STRATEGY To assist the participating countries in ex-panding the use of economical, reliable and efficient concentrating solar tech-nologies in a manner which is linked to and consistent with the REWP strategy and goals.

The scope of IEA SolarPACES is cooperative solar power and chemical energy systems research, development, demonstra-tion and exchange of information and technical personnel. 1.2Participation of Countries, R&D Institutions, Utilities and Industry

As of December 2004, 13 countries or organizations, desig-nated by their governments, participate in IEA SolarPACES T able 1.1:

SolarPACES Report of the SolarPACES Executive Committee for 2004 1.5

The SolarPACES Implementing Agreement has attracted Non-IEA Member countries Algeria, Brazil, Egypt, Israel, Mexico, and South Africa, which possess excellent solar resources for the application of solar concentrating technologies. Thanks to the participation of these sunbelt countries, CSP development will focus on their market needs much better, local CSP expertise will be built up, joint R&D projects can be initiated, and the fea-sibility of utility-scale projects can be investigated. Specific ex-amples are: Training of NREA engineers at the Plataforma Solar de Almería (Spain) and Kramer Junction (USA); START Missions to Algeria, Egypt, Brazil and Mexico; CSP feasibility studies in Alge-ria, South Africa, Brazil, and Egypt and CSP project develop-ment in Spain, Algeria and Egypt. Task Participation is shown in

T able 1.2 below. Table 1.1. SolarPACES Contracting Parties as of December, 2004

Country Repre-sented by Govt

R&D Institute

Industry

Electric Utility

ExCo Member

Algeria NEAL X

Tewfik Hasni Australia Consor-tium of Utilities

X Wolfgang Meike

Brazil CEPEL

X José Carlos Gomes Costa Egypt NREA X Samir M. Hassan

European Union DG-RTD

DG-TREN

X

Philippe Schild Pietro Menna

France CNRS X

Alain Ferriére Germany DLR X Robert Pitz-Paal Israel WIS X

Michael Epstein Mexico IIE X Jorge Huacuz Villamar South Africa ESKOM

X

Louis von Heerden

Spain CIEMAT

X

Diego Martínez Switzerland PSI X Paul Kesselring

United States of America

CSP Industry

X

William Gould Dale Rogers

Robert Liden Gilbert Cohen

Table 1.2. Task Participation

SolarPACES Task

ALG AUS BRA EC EGY F

D

IL MEX ZA

E

CH USA

I. CSP Systems x x x x x x x x x x (X) x II. Solar Chemistry

x x x x x x x x (X) x III Technology and Advanced

Applications x x x x x (X) x x x x x x IV SHIP Solar Heat for Industrial

Processes

x x x x x (X) x x x x x x

Cooperation with industry is a key element in SolarPACES coop-eration. Over a third of the contracting governments desig-nated SolarPACES participants from industry or utilities, i.e., Alge-ria (Project Developer), Australia (utility consortium), South Africa

(utility) and the United States of America (industry).

1.6 Annual Report 2004 SolarPACES

Those countries that have nominated business or utilities as

the contracting party are represented in the ExCo by represen-

tatives of industry and utilities. Furthermore, the ExCo has invited

special guests from industry, utilities, financial institutions and

regulatory bodies to most of its meetings. This has been intensi-

fied by introducing a special “Host Country Day” to the ExCo

meetings, where energy policy makers, utilities and industry are

invited to report and discuss the host country’s CSP project per-

spectives.

Participants from industry and utility are active in the Tasks

and Task Technical Meetings and Seminars, as reported in detail

in Parts 3-6 of this Report.

Industry actively participates in SolarPACES Tasks and other

activities as partners. Task I, which focuses on CSP systems and is

most closely related to market and near-term demonstration

projects, is the most prominent example. Industry is responsible

for over 50% of the information-sharing projects.

In ad hoc activities, such as the SolarPACES expert group on

the integration of CSP into steam plants and combined cycles,

experts from industry are always involved.

The nature of CSP, with large concentrator fields, receivers

and storage systems, implies intensive collaboration with indus-

try at all stages of development, from initial conceptual engi-

neering, to prototype development and to large-scale demon-

stration. The CSP cost reduction strategy builds on progress by

R&D and mass manufacturing by industry.

Potential for increased participation: Other countries that are

not SolarPACES members yet have become interested in CSP.

Among them are:

?Italy, where CESI is already closely collaborating with So-

larPACES in the field of dish/Stirling systems and where

ENEA is developing advanced molten-salt parabolic-

trough technology.

?Jordan, who se Minister for Energy and Mines endorsed the

CSP Global Market Initiative at the Renewables 2004 Con-

ference in Bonn.

?Morocco, where the national utility, ONE, is currently pre-

paring the RFP for a combined-cycle plant with inte-

grated CSP in Ain Beni Mathar and who se Minister for En-

ergy and Mines also endorsed the CSP Global Market Ini-

tiative at the Renewables 2004 Conference in Bonn.

1.3The SolarPACES Work Program

SolarPACES member (contracting party) activities are carried

out through cooperative research, technological development

and demonstration, and exchange of information and techni-

cal personnel. As the nature of electric power technologies

would imply, the parties involved comprise governments, public

research institutions, industrial suppliers, electric utilities, and in-

ternational financing entities. They all cooperate in information

exchange, formal and informal initiation of joint or national ac-

tivities – task-shared as well as cost-shared – and also by sharing

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