2004年1月研究生英语学位课统考真题

2004年1月研究生英语学位课统考真题：

Part II. Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points ) Section A (0.5 point each)

21. In spite of the efforts of those industrious farmers, the local economy is far from developed due to isolation. A capable B ingenious C innovative D hard-working.

22. Because of the struggle put up by the Women’s Lib , many women have found good careers. A initiated B proposed C supported D terminated

23. The performance of these new employees will highlight the role of positive thinking. A confirm B emphasize C enhance D enlighten

24. Our family stood in silence for a minute looking at the amazingly beautiful photo-graph of a human flag. A surprisingly B indescribably C permanently D uniquely

25. The decision to strengthen intelligence collection is expected to minimize military casualties. A information B intellect C brain D wisdom

26. To me, St. Francis embodies the ideal blend of spirituality and public service. A composition B mixture C elaboration D speculation

27. In the wake of such findings, several states are rethinking their plan to open these camps. A Based on B Preceding C Following D Targeted at

28. The staggering sum of money invested in this project failed to yield the desired result. A fluctuating B increasing C diminishing D overwhelming

29. It made me ask questions about life, death and mortality that ultimately helped me get through the disaster. A decisively B eventually C somewhat D somehow

30. At that moment the first idea that came to her mind was that a disaster was around the corner. A coming to an end B still in the air C soon to happen D out of the question. Section B (0.5 point each)

31. Do your children worry that they might feel pressure to ____ your hero’s image? A come up with B live up to C catch up on D add up to

32. In the worst times of life, you have to take full advantage of the beautiful things that ____ A come along B come by C come across D come to

33. Being critical and dictatorial, the boss would ____ discussion and ignore comments not in agreement with his. A facilitate B illustrate C illuminate D dominate

34. Anderson held out his arms to ___ the attack, but the shark grabbed his right forearm and dived. A turn off B ward off C trigger off D call off

35. Her excellent ___ of English helped her communicate freely with foreign partners. A standard B criterion C evaluation D command

36. Because colleges can’t take all students with basic qualifications, ____ to college is competitive. A admiration B approach C admission D assignment

37. Helicopters rushed to where Shenzhou 5 ___ for the rescue of China’s first astronaut. A touched down B turned down C settled down D shot down

38. The Chinese have achieved a great deal, but difficulties and hardships will long ____. A tolerate B bear C endure D withhold

39. The belief that it’s healthy to let off pressure no longer ___, for we are working under heavy pressure. A holds B carries C takes D stands

40. Handbags made of ____ leather are considered old-fashioned and poor in quality. A systematic B synthetic C sympathetic D statistic Part II. Cloze Test (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)

People go to evening classes as they want new challenges. Some people choose courses 41 to learn new

work-related skills to move their career in a new direction.

“Evening classes are a great way of 42 your skills or gaining new ones,” says Jessica Rolphe, training and development adviser at the UK’s Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development.

In some 43 , what starts as a hobby turns into a career. This is what happened to Ginny Jory, who did an evening course in photography while working for a newspaper about one year ago. During the course, not only was Jory learning all about photography, she also met other 44 photographers and realized it was a great networking 45 . “I discovered that a colleague from work was doing the same course and we became great friends. We 46 doing a millennium exhibition together.” Finally, Jory left her job and is now a full-time photographer of fashion and 47 .

However, anyone thinking of doing a course with a specific outcome in mind needs to be sure that it will 48 what they want before enrolling. “Do your research 49 advance,” advises Rolphe. “Make sure you are doing a course that really is 50 and that the institute you are doing it at is highly respected.” 41. A separately B spiritually C specifically D socially 42. A updating B uprising C uprooting D unholding 43. A terms B occasion C consequences D cases 44. A perspiring B aspiring C expiring D conspiring 45. A specialty B phase C opportunity D period 46. A gave in B ended up C ceased to D resulted from 47. A qualifications B characters C portraits D personalities 48. A deliver B delight C determine D detect 49. A up B for C into D in 50. A redundant B reserved C resolved D relevant

Part IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each) Passage One

The worst thing about television and radio is that they entertain us, saving us the trouble of entertaining ourselves.

A hundred years ago, before all these devices were invented, if a person wanted to entertain himself with a song or a piece of music, he would have to do the singing himself or pick up a violin and play it. Now, all he has to do is turn on the radio or TV. As a result, singing and music have declined.

Italians used to sing all the time. Now, they only do it in Hollywood movies. Indian movies are mostly a series of songs and dances wrapped around silly stories. As a result, they don’t do much singing in Indian villages anymore. Indeed, ever since radio first came to life, there has been a terrible decline in amateur singing throughout the world.

There are two reasons for this sad decline: One, human beings are astonishingly lazy. Put a lift in a building, and people would rather take it than climb even two flights of steps. Similarly, invent a machine that sings, and people would rather let the machine sing than sing themselves. The other reason is people are easily embarrassed. When there is a famous, talented musician readily available by pushing a button, which amateur violinist or pianist would want to try to entertain family or friends by himself?

These earnest reflections came to me recently when two CDs arrived in the mail: They are historic recordings of famous writers reading their own works. It was thrilling to hear the voices from a long dead past in the late 19th century. But today, reading out loud anything is no longer common. Today, we sing songs to our children until they are about two , we read simple books to them till they are about five, and once they have learnt to read themselves, we become deaf. We’re alive only to the sound of the TV and the stereo.

I count myself extremely lucky to have been born before TV became so common. I was about six before TV appeared. To keep us entertained, my mother had to do a good deal of singing and tell us endless tales. It was the same in many other homes. People spoke a language; they sang it, they recited it; it was something they could

feel.

Professional actors’ performance is extraordinarily revealing. But I still prefer my own reading. Because it’s mine. For the same reason, people find karaoke liberating. It is almost the only electronic thing that gives them back their own voice. Even if their voices are hoarse and hopelessly out of tune. At least it is meaningful self-entertainment.

51. The main idea of this passage is that _______

A TV and radio can amuse us with beautiful songs and music.

B TV and radio have weakened our interest in entertaining ourselves. C people should not be too lazy or embarrassed to sing.

D parents should sing songs and read books aloud to their children. 52. According to the passage, Italian_________

A only sing songs in Hollywood. B are no longer fond of music. C only sing and dance in villages. D Don’t sing much nowadays.

53. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason for the decline in amateur singing? A It is easier for people to please themselves with songs through TV. B People don’t want to take the trouble to sing songs themselves. C Amateurs feel shy if they can’t sing as well as the professionals. D Famous and talented musicians are always willing to entertain people.

54. On hearing the voices of the famous writers of a long time past, the author was _________ A very excited B very frightened C very nervous D very surprised

55. By stating “ We are alive only to the sound of the TV and the stereo, “ the author means _______ A we come back to life at the music provided by the TV and the stereo. B We only perceive the music provided by the TV and the stereo. C we should sing more than listen to the TV and the stereo. D we should listen to more music on the TV and the stereo. 56. The author’s attitude toward Karaoke is ___________ A negative B positive C neutral D indifferent Passage Two

If those “mad moments” ----when you can’t recall what your friend has told you or where you left your keys----are becoming more frequent, mental exercises and a healthy brain diet may help.

Just as bodies require more maintenance with the passing years, so do brains, which scientists now know show signs of aging as early as the 20s and 30s. “Brain aging starts at a very young age, younger than any of us have imagined and these processes continue gradually over the years,” said Dr. Gary Small, the director of the Center on Aging at the University of California, Los Angeles. “I’m convinced that it is never too early to get started on a mental or brain-fitness program,” he added.

In his book , The Memory Bible, the 51-year-old neuroscientist lists what he refers to as the 10 commandments for keeping the brain young. They include training memory, building skills, minimizing stress, mental exercises, brain food and a healthy life-style. It’s a game plan for keeping brain cells sparking and neural networks in tip-top shape.

“Misplacing your keys a couple of times doesn’t mean you should start labeling your cabinets. Memory loss is not an inevitable consequence of aging. Our brains can fight back,” he said.

Small provides the weapons for a full-scale attack. According to him, simple memory tests give an indication of what you are up against and tools such as look, snap and connect are designed to make sure that important things such as names and dates are never forgotten. “So if you want to learn names and faces, for example, you meet Mrs.Beatty and you notice a distinguishing facial feature, may be a prominent eyebrow,” said Small. “You associate the first thing that comes to mind. I think of the actor Warren Beatty so I create a mental snapshot of

Warren Beatty kissing her brow.”

Small admits it may sound a bit strange but he says it works. “Mental exercises could be anything from doing crossword puzzles and writing with your left hand if you are right handed or learning a language. It could be anything that is fun that people enjoy doing,” he added.

He also recommends physical exercise, a low-fat diet and eating foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as fish, walnuts and Brazil nuts, and fruits and vegetables high in antioxidants (抗氧化剂)including blueberries and onions in addition to reducing stress.

57. The “mad moments” in the first paragraph refers to when we ________

A have some mental problems. B have lost our important things.

C don’t listen to what our friends tell us to do . D fail to remember what should be remembered. 58. In this passage, the author mainly tells us that ____

A everyone can be forgetful sometimes regardless of one’s age. B we can prevent our sound mind from aging with certain methods. C brain aging starts from the time when we are in our 20s and 30s. D memory loss is a sign that shows we are getting old 59. According to this passage, _____

A the game plan for keeping brain cells sparking doesn’t work for everyone. B Dr. Small’s memory tests can show you what to do about brain aging. C Dr. Small’s advice can help us fight brain aging effectively. D our brains can reconstruct memories themselves. 60. In the fifth paragraph, the author mainly ______ A provides us with the weapons for attacking others.

B introduces the tools that help us fight against memory loss. C tells us about the important things we should never forget. D explains the facial features useful for us to remember people.

61. By saying “ I think of the actor Warren Beatty so I create…her brow, “ Dr. Small is trying to explain how to use the memory tool of ____

A impressing rapidly B minimizing stress C connecting related things D observing carefully 62. According to Dr. Small, __________

A left-handers may start brain aging later than right-handers do .

B learning a foreign language does not help to keep out brain from getting old. C doing crossword puzzles is the best way to keep us from memory loss. D mental exercise plus healthy diet alone can’t keep us from brain aging. Passage Three

Through the years, our view of what leadership is and who can exercise it has changed considerably. Leadership competencies have remained constant, but our understanding of what it is, how it works, and the ways in which people learn to apply it has shifted. We do have the beginning of a general theory of leadership, from history and social research and above all from the thoughts of reflective practitioners such as Moses, Julius Caesar, and James Madison, and in our own time from such disparate sources of wisdom as Gandhi, Winston Churchill, Mao Tse-tung, and Henry Kissinger, who have very little in common except that they have not only been there but tried with some fairness to speculate on paper about it.

But tales and reflective observation are not enough except to convince us that leaders are physically strong and abnormally hard workers. Today we are a little closer to understanding how and who people lead, but it wasn’t easy getting there. Decades of academic analysis have given us more than 350 definitions of leadership. Literally thousands of empirical investigations of leaders have been conducted in the last seventy-five years alone, but no clear understanding exists as to what distinguishes leaders from non-leaders, and perhaps more

important, what distinguishes effective leaders from ineffective leaders and effective organizations from ineffective organizations.

Never have so many labored so long to say so little. Multiple interpretations of leadership exist, each providing a fragment of insight but each remaining an incomplete and wholly inadequate explanation. Most of these definition don’t agree with each other, and many of them would seem quite remote to the leaders whose skills are being examined. Definitions reflect fashions, political tides and academic trends. They don’t always reflect reality and sometimes they just represent nonsense. It’s as if what Braque once said about art is also true of leadership: “The only thing that matters in art is the part that can’t be explained.”

Many theories of leadership have come and gone. Some looked at the leader. Some looked at the situation. None has stood the test of time. With such a track record, it is understandable why leadership research and theory have been so frustrating as to deserve the label “the La Brea Tar Pits” of organizational inquiry. Located in Los Angeles, these asphalt pits house the remains of a long sequence of prehistoric animals that came to investigate but never left the area.

63. In regard of leadership competencies, the author suggests that people have _____ A believed in their existence B learned to apply them extensively C found it very difficult to acquire them. D been unable to realize their importance. 64. Several big names are mentioned in the first paragraph mainly to show their _____ A different styles of leadership B effective exercise of leadership

C contributions to the theory of leadership D wisdom in applying the theory of leadership 65. According to the author, people’s opinions of leadership are on the whole quite ____ A divided B original C misleading D sophisticated 66. The author thinks that _________

A many people have labored to be leaders. B leaders are beyond our understanding. C the essence of leadership has not been grasped. D the definitions of leadership should vary 67. “The La Brea Tar Pits” probably signifies things that _________

A can be traced back to the prehistoric age. B are traps for those who want to inquire. C are located in one place forever. D don’t deserve full investigation 68. This passage is mainly concerned with ____________

A the inconsistent theories of leadership. B the famous leaders and their theories. C the changes in the trend of leadership. D the inaccurate definitions of leadership. Passage Four

When you leave a job with a traditional pension, don’t assume you’ve lost the chance to collect it. You’re entitled to whatever benefit you’ve earned ---you might even be entitled to take it now. “A lot of people forget they have it, or they think that by waiting until they are 65, they’ll have a bigger benefit,” says Wayne Bogosian, president of the PFE Group, which provides corporate pre-retirement education.

Your former employers should send you a certificate that says how much your pension is worth. If it’s less than $ 5,000, or if the company offers a lump-sum payout , it will generally close your account and cash you out. It may not seem like much, but $ 5,000 invested over 20 years at eight percent interest is $23,000. If your pension is worth more than $5,000, or your company doesn’t offer the lump-sum option, find out how much money you’re eligible for at the plan’s normal retirement age, the earlier age at which you can collect the pension, the more severe penalty for collecting it early. You’ll probably still come out ahead by taking the money now and investing it.

What if you left a job years ago, and you’re realizing you may have unwittingly left behind a pension? Get help from the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. It has an online search tool that has helped locate $ 47 million in lost benefits for more than 12, 000 workers.

If you have a traditional pension, retiring early costs more than you might expect. Most people assume you take

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