基于PLC的电梯控制系统文献

Intelligence Building

In 1980s the first intelligence mansion had been completed in America, then intelligence building has been a broadly taken attentions by the whole world. The concept of intelligence building has been put different meanings along with the development of society. The early stage intelligence building had been thought that it is equal to the intelligence mansion, but now the intelligence building not only includes the intelligence mansions but also involves intelligence residential districts. This paper mainly discusses one subsystem of intelligence building system: the elevator control system.

In intelligence residential districts the enterprise’s information managing system mainly takes charge of the things which related to the daily life, for example supervising the district equipments, managing vehicles, disposing critical situations and so on.The elevator supervising and control system is also necessary to the intelligence residential districts. How to make people feel safe, stable and comfortable and how to save energy resources and protect environments and so on are the basic requirements to the elevator control system.

PLC is a common industry control device. It is a special industry control computer which has the perfect function and simple frame. The PLC strong ability in interference and so on makes the elevator industry one after another to apply the PLC to the elevator control system, in order to replace the relay being used in traditional elevator control system. The Application of PLC in the elevator control system reduces the breakdown rate and efficiently improves the operating reliability of the elevator with safety. This paper mainly discusses the elevator control system’s working principles, the system’s software and hardware realization methods and so on.

The Working Principles of Elevator Control System are stated as follows: The spot control information is send into the PLC from the customer input devices firstly, then the PLC control cabinet is required to send out the control signal to drive the equipments according to the system demands. The elevator can then perform the homologous action according to the control request. There are velocity feedback devices in system, which adopt measure velocity generators to provide the elevator velocities and generally are installed in the tail of tow motors. So this is a feedback control system, which can improve the system’s control precision.

It is not necessary to do interface circuit in the elevator’s PLC control system. What we should do is to send the signals to PLC digital input terminals. The signals include inside and outside calling signals, floor location inspecting signals, limiting location signals, opening and shutdown the elevator door signals etc. The DC power which is provided to PLC can be used as indicator light power. The PLC output points can be directly used to control transducers for the purpose of electrical motor’s positive turn and reverse, stop and control each segment velocity and so on.

Moreover, input and output devices are needed in elevator control system, besides the PLC, system’s major control device.

The control cabinet is the control center, from which we can send out various control commands. The control cabinet often was installed in the elevator room. The electric devices and signal systems, for example the contactors, relays, capacitances, resistors, rectifiers and transformers etc, are centralized in the control cabinet. The Power of the control cabinet was

derived from control cabinet was delivered to tow electric motors. Others control lines and signal lines were separately sent to each floor junction.

The design includes two parts: hardware and software. The hardware design is the base of software. Considering that the control demands are relatively complex, we design the programs separately according to the control function. Furthermore, we follow the principle as follows: When the elevator is ascending, the ascending demands are prior to other demands.When the elevator is descending, the descending demands are prior to other demands. The Sequential Function Chart(SFC) is adopted during the boxes to form elevator’s executive circuitry design. It is a method specially used in industrial sequential control. The SFC method can describe the system’s working procedure in great detail.

When all SFC are drawn and I/O address lists are presented, we can convert the SFC to Ladder Diagram(LD). Considering the strict demands for time and for locked each other, we introduce working bits to remember working steps. We should write out the working bits control program, which can link together each step and make the pervious step as the next step restriction condition. Thus the actual outputs are the logic combination of these working steps.

The system program has been debugged completely at present. Simulated experiment enunciates that the design method is viable. Application of PLC in the elevator control system is an effective method. It can make the personnel of the industry management center to long-distance monitor and control the elevator in control center, to connect the elevator system with intelligence building industry management system by Ethernet or special-purpose network such as Lon Works. The elevator, but also can lower the elevator maintenance costs etc. It is one of the developing direction of intelligence building elevator control system.

Lift control system

Lift control system is used to manipulate each control process by managing such commands as running direction, car call, landing call, load signal, landing indication, safety protection.

Lifts in different applications have different load, speed and drive / control modes. Lifts in same application may also have different control mode. Whatever control mode is adopted, the objective is the same, to be specific, according to car call and landing call, lift control system will execute automatic logic judgment to determine which lift will receive signal, which direction lift will run towards and complete programmed control objective through electrical automatic system based on command.

Types of lift control system

Control system development chronicle indicates that there has appeared many control modes, such as such as relay control, PLC, single computer control, multiple-computer control. Prevailing in different era, these control modes are still employed in lifts now due to massive integrated circuit and computer technology development.

PLC control system

As abbreviation of programmable logic controller, PLC is an electronic system featuring digital computation. It adopts programmable EPROM to execute logic computation, order control, timing, number counting, arithmetic computation, besides, it can input and output through digital or analogy modes.

while output of PLC includes contactor, relay, indicators of car / landings and communication unit.ay, indicators inside car and switch, position signal, are input to PC, while other executing com

Programming principle is determined by lift control mode. Programming can either be made according to relay logic control circuit or individually in different phases according to lift control functions after completely separating from relay control circuit. Based on the ready made control circuit, the former is simple and easy to master, while the latter involves less programs by integrating programs of small function.

Used in lift control system, PLC has such advantages, as high reliability, stability, easy programming, user-friendliness, convenient maintenance & inspection.

Nowadays, there is a wide range and series of programmable logic controllers. Input / output points range from 30 to 8000 or above, so as to meet lift control requirements with different landing number.

译 文

PLC在智能建筑电梯控制系统中的应用

在20世纪80年代，第一座智能大厦在美国竣工，之后智能建筑引起了全世界的关注。随着社会的发展，智能建筑有着不同的含义。早期智能建筑被认为是等同于智能大厦，但是现在智能建筑不仅涉及智能大厦，而且还涉及智能住宅小区。本文主要讨论了智能建筑系统的一个子系统：电梯控制系统。

智能住宅区内企业的信息管理系统主要是负责涉及到日常生活的事物，例如监管住宅区内的设备，车辆，处理紧急情况等等，电梯的监管可控制系统对智能住宅区来说也是必须的。如何使人们感到安全，稳定和舒适，以及如何节约能源资源和保护环境等是电梯控制系统的基本要求。

Plc可编程控制器是一种常见的工业控制设备，是一种特殊的工业控制计算机，具有完善的功能和简单的框架。PLC具有强抗干扰能力等优点，使得电梯工业一次又一次将PLC应用与电梯控制系统，以取代传统的使用继电器控制电梯系统。PLC在电梯控制系统应用，减低了故障率，并有效地提高了电梯运行的可靠性与安全性。本文主要论述了电梯控制系统的工作原理，系统的软件和硬件实现方法等。

电梯控制系统工作原理说明如下：首先将使用者现场的输入信息发送到plc中，然后plc控制装置通过系统要求发出信号以驱动外围设备，然后电梯根据控制要求执行相应的动作，系统中的速度反馈装置，采用的是测速装置测出电梯运行速度反馈控制装置，通常安装在曳引电动机的后面，所以该系统是一个反馈控制系统，可提高系统的控制精度。

电梯的PLC控制系统的接口电路不需要设计，我们要做的是将信号，包括梯内外召唤信号，平层监测信号，开门和关门信号等发送个plc的数字输入端口。Plc中的直流电源，提供给指示灯。Plc的输出点直接控制传感器，以达到电动机正传和反转，停机的目的。

此为，电梯控制系统中除了plc和主要控制装置外还包括其它的输入和输出装置。

控制柜是整个控制系统的核心部分，可以发送各种控制命令，通常安装在电梯室内。电气设备和信号装置。例如，接触器，继电器，电容，电阻，整流器和变压器等，也都安装在控制柜内。控制柜中的电源是由电梯室内的主电源提供。电梯室内的主电源还通过由软电缆做成的导线连接到各个控制按钮。电动机也是由它供电。控制线和信号线分别接至各个楼层。

设计包括两个部分：硬件和软件。硬件设计是软件设计的基础。考虑到控制的要求相对复杂，我

它广泛应用于工业顺序控制。顺序功能图SFC能够详细、直观的描述系统的工作过程。

当所有的顺序功能图都设计完，I/O地址分配好，我们可以将顺序功能图SFC转化成符号梯形图（LD），考虑到严格的定时时间和互锁，我们采用步来代表工作步骤。我们应当写出各步的控制程序，通过限制条件来控制下一步的运行，结束上一步，这样就可以将各个步连接在一起。因此，实际输出是这些步的逻辑组合。

该控制程序目前已完全调试。模拟实验阐述了该方案的设计方法是切实可行的，plc在电梯控制系统中的应用是一个有效的方法。它可以使工业管理中心的工作人员在远距离的控制中心就可以实现对电梯的监测和控制，通过以太网个人专用网络，如Lon Works，将电梯和控制中心连接起来，这样一来电梯的工作状况可以得到及时的监视。这不但实现了电梯的科学集中管理，而且降低电梯维修费用。

电梯控制系统

电梯的控制主要是指对电梯在运行过程中的运行方向、轿内指令、层站召唤、负载信号、楼层显示、安全保护等指令信息进行管理，操纵电梯实行每个控制环节的方式和手段。

电梯的用途不同，可以有不同的载荷，不同的速度及不同的驱动方式和控制方式。即使相同用途的电梯，也可采用不同的操纵控制方式。但电梯不论使用何种控制方式，所要达到的目标是相同的，即根据轿厢内指令信号、层站召唤信号而自动进行逻辑判定，决定出哪一台电梯接受信号，自动定出电梯的运行方向，并按照指令要求通过电气自动控制系统完成预定的控制目的。

电梯控制系统分类

从控制系统的实现方法来看，电梯的控制系统经历了继电器电梯控制、可编程序控制器（PC机）、单片微机控制、多微机控制多种形式，这些控制方式代表了不同时期电梯控制系统的主流，并且随着大规模集成电路和计算机技术的发展而逐步推陈出新，这些控制系统在目前的在用电梯中都有存在。

PLC控制系统:PLC是可编程序控制器的简称，它是一种数字运算操作的电子系统。它采用可编程序的存储器存储执行逻辑运算、顺序控制、定时、计数和算术运算等操作指令，并可通过数字式或模拟式输入和输出。

用PLC控制电梯的方法是，将电梯中发出的指令信号诸如基站的电源钥匙、轿内选层指令、层站召唤、各类安全开关、位置信号等都作为PLC的输入，而将其它的执行元件如接触器、继电器、轿内和层站指示灯、通讯设施等作为PLC的输出部分。

根据电梯的操纵控制方式，确定程序的编制原则。程序设计可以按照继电器逻辑控制电路的特点来完成，也可以完全脱离继电器控制电路重新按电梯的控制功能进行分段设计。前者程序设计简单，有现成的控制线路作依据，易掌握；后者可以使相同功能的程序集中在一起，程序占用量少。

PLC用于电梯的控制系统具有可靠性高，稳定性好；编程简单，使用方便；维护检修方便等优点。 现在PLC产品，品种齐全，已成系列化，输入输出点数从30点一直到8千多点乃至更多。完全可以满足不同层高的电梯控制要求。

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