【精品资综合训练八年级英语下册各单元知识点精讲详解.doc

1

人教版八年级英语下册各单元知识点

Unit 1

Will people have robots?

I. 词汇 ·more ，less ，fewer

·I don ’t agree. = I disagree.

·I agree (with you). ·in five years on computer ·on paper

·besides ·on vacation ·many different kinds ·of goldfish ·no more ·be free ·live in ·as a reporter ·free time ·fall in love with … ·like doing sth ·keep a parrot ·look smart ·be able to do ….

·Are you kidding?

语法：

·一般将来时

·there will be ·few ，a few ，little ，a little ，much ，many

语法小结： 一、

一般将来时

1．用 be doing 表示将来：主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于位置 转移的动词。

如：go ，come ，leave ，arrive 等，也可用于其他动作动词。

We are having fish for dinner.

We are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow.

这种用法通常带有表示将来的时间状语，如果不带时间状语，则根据上下文可表示

最近即将发生的动作。

A: Where are you going?

B: I am going for a walk. Are you coming with me? A:

Yes ，I am just coming. Wait for me.

2．用 be going to do 表示将来：主要意义，一是表示―意图‖，即打算在最近的将来或将 来进行某事。

Are you going to post that letter? How long is he going to stay here? I am going to book a ticket.

另一意义是表示―预见‖，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。

It’s going to rain.

George is putting on weight; he is going to be quite fat.

3. 用will/ shall do 表示将来：

主要意义，一是表示预见。

You will feel better after taking this medicine.

2

Do you think it will rain?

二是表示意图.

I will not lend the book to you.

Take it easy，I will not do it any longer.

基本结构：

She will come to have class tomorrow.

Will she come to have class tomorrow?

She won’t come to have class tomorrow.

What will she do tomorrow?

二、There be 结构

1. there be 结构中的be 是可以运用各种时态的。

There is going to be a meeting tonight. 今晚有个会议。

There was a knock at the door. 有人敲门。

There has been a girl waiting for you. 有个女孩一直在等你。

There will be rain soon. 不久天就要下雨了。

2. 动词be 单复数形式要跟there be 之后的真正的主语一致。并且要根据就近一致原则来变换be 的单复数形式。

如There is a book on the desk. 课桌上有一本书。

How many people are there in the city? 这个城市里有多少人口？

There is a pen and two books on the desk. 课桌上有一个钢笔和两本书。

There are two books and a pen on the desk. 课桌上有两本书和一个钢笔。

There are some students and a teacher in the classroom.教室里有一些学生和一位老师。

There is a teacher and some students in the classroom. 教室里有一位老师和一些学生。

3. 在there be 引起的句子结构中，用来修饰主语的不定式主动形式和被动形式均可。

3

There is no time to lose (=to be lost). 时间紧迫。

There is nothing to see (=to be seen). 看不见有什么。

There is nothing to do. (=to be done) 无事可做。

4、There is no doing.

(口语)不可能…….

There is no telling when he will be back. 无法知道他什么时候回来。

There is no knowing what he is doing. 无法知道他在做什么。

三、课文难句解析

1. Will people use money in 100years? 一百年后人们还会使用钱币吗？

1) money 金钱；货币

eg．What's the money? 价钱是多少?

paper money 纸币；钞票

2) in 100 years 在100 年之后

―in+一段时间‖常用在将来时态中

eg．I'll come in an hour. 我一小时后来。

I'll see you again in three days. 三天后我再见你。

2. There will be less leisure time．空闲时间会更少。

1) less 形容词：较少的(是little 的比较级)，修饰不可数名词，其最高级是least；反义词是more。

eg．Jane's less beautiful than Mary. 简不如玛丽漂亮。

Five is less than six．5 比6 少。

2) leisure time 空闲时间

eg．What do you do in your leisure time? 你空闲时间做些什么？

3. I think there will be more pollution．我认为将会有更多的污染产生。

5

1) think 后跟的是宾语从句，且宾语从句是there be 句型的一般将来时，结构为―there will

be+物+其他成分‖。

eg．I think it will rain tomorrow. 我认为明天会下雨。

I think there will be fewer trees. 我认为将来树木会更少。

2) pollution 表示―污染‖，用作不可数名词。

例如：They did a lot to stop water pollution．他们采取大量措施制止水污染。

4. I don't agree．我不同意。

agree 在本句中作动词，I don't agree．是一句交际用语，表示―不赞成某人或某人的观点‖，如果表赞成，则为I agree。

1) 表示―同意某人意见‖时用agree with sb，该短语不能用于被动语态。

eg．Did you agree with him? 你同意他的意见吗?

I don't agree with what she said．我不同意她所说的。

2) 表示―同意(某计划、办法、建议、条件)‖时，用agree to(to 在此用作介词，其后接名词、代词或者相当于名词的成分)，该短语可以用于被动语态。

eg．I agree to your idea．我同意你的想法。

My plan was agreed to by all of them．他们所有的人都同意我的计划。

3) 表示―就……取得一致意见‖用agree on(或upon)，指―两者或两者以上的商定，达成协议‖。

eg．They both agreed on the date for the meeting．他们双方都同意开会的日期。

4) agree 后还可以接不定式，不接动名词，表示―同意做某事‖。

eg．They agreed to leave tomorrow afternoon．他们同意明天下午动身。

5. What do you think Sally will be in five years? 你认为萨莉5 年之后将会是什么样子?

此句中的do you think 是插入语，其后接的宾语从句必须用陈述句语序。

eg．Which book do you think she will like? 你认为她会喜欢哪本书?

6

Who do you think did it? 你认为是谁干的那件事?

6. I went to Shanghai last year and fell in love with it. 我去年去了上海，并且喜欢上了这座城市。

1) go 表示―去‖，过去式是went，―go to+地名‖表示―到某地去‖。

eg．When will you go to school? 你什么时候去上学？

He will go to the factory tomorrow．他明天要去那所工厂。如果go 后面接副

词，不用to。

eg．He went home at before six yesterday evening．他昨天晚上6 点前回家的。

2) last year 意为―去年‖，用于一般过去时态中。

eg．He went to London last year．去年他去了伦敦。

3) love 爱，热爱，其反义词是hate；fall in love with 是―喜爱；爱上；与……相恋‖的意思。

eg．He went to Harbin last year and fell in love with it.去年他去了哈尔滨，并且喜欢上了那里。

7. I can't have any pets because my mother hates them. 我不能养宠物，因为我妈不喜欢他们

1) because 在这句中用作连词，引导原因状语从句，表示―因为‖。注意在英语中because

不能和so 同时使用。

eg．John didn't go to school because he was ill. 约翰没有上学，因为他病了。

2) hate 表示―不喜欢，憎恨‖，后可跟名词或代词作宾语，也可用词组hate doing sth.，表示―讨厌做某事‖。

eg．He hated flowers. 他讨厌花朵。

I hate swimming in the lake. 我讨厌在那个湖里游泳。

8. I'll probably go skating and swimming every day. 我会每天都去滑冰和游泳。

1) go doing sth. 结构，表示―去做……

7

go skating 去滑冰go swimming 去游泳go shopping 去买东西

go fishing 去钓鱼go boating 去划船

eg．My father goes fishing every week．我爸爸每周都去钓鱼。

I like going skating．我喜欢去滑冰。

2) every day 与everyday 区别：every day 表示―每天‖，通常与一般现在时连用；而everyday 表示―日常的，每天发生的，每日所用的‖，是形容词。例如：

eg．I get up at six every day. 我每天6 点起床。

He wears everyday clothes today．今天他穿一身便服。

9. During the week I’ll look smart，and probably will wear a

suit．在工作日里，我会看上去很精神，也许会穿一身套

装。

1) during 表示―在……期间‖，during the week 是介词短语，意为―在工作日里‖。

eg．The sun gives us light during the day. 太阳在白天给我们阳光。

He fell asleep during the lesson. 他在上课时睡着了。

2) look 表示―看上去‖，用作连系动词，其后接形容词作表语。

eg．That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。

You look very beautiful today. 今天你看上去很漂亮。

3) wear 表示―穿‖，表示状态，用一般现在时表示经常状态，用现在进行时表示暂时状态。

eg．We wear our rain boots on a rainy day. 我们在下雨天穿雨鞋。

She is wearing a new coat．她穿着一件新衣服。

Does he wear glasses? 她戴眼镜吗？

put on 是―穿上‖，―戴上‖的意思，强调动作。

eg．She put on a red coat and went out. 她穿上红色大衣出去了。注意：

put on 是一时的动作，不能跟表示一段时间的状语连用。他整天戴着草

帽。误：He puts on a hat all day. 正：He wears a hat all day.

8

10. I'll go to Hong Kong on vacation．我会去香港度假。

on vacation 意为―在度假‖，on 表示―处于……状态中‖。

eg．He will go to Hangzhou on vacation．他要到杭州度假。

My father will be away on business tomorrow．我爸爸明天要出差。

11. What do you think the weather will be like tomorrow? 你认为明天的天气怎样?

1) What's the weather like? 是询问天气怎么样，相当于How is the weather？What be … like?可以用来征求对方对某事的看法或意见，意思是―……怎么样?‖类似的说法还有What do you think of…? How do you like…?等句型。

eg．What is the book like? ＝What do you think of the book?

＝How do you like the book? 你觉得这本书怎么样?

What's the weather like today?＝How is the weather today? 今天天气怎么样?

2) What is／are…1ike? 可用来提问天气情况，也可用来对人(或物)的外观、外貌提问，还可以用来对其特性提问。

eg．What's the weather like today? 今天天气怎么样?

What's the young girl like? 那个年轻女孩长什么样?

What was the book like? 那本书怎么样?

12. There were many famous predictions that never came true．(过去)有许多从没成为现实。著名的预测

1) 本句中that never came true 是个定语从句，用于修饰先行词predictions，that 为引导词，作定语从句的主语，不可省略。

2) come true 指―理想，梦想等实现‖。come 是连系动词；true 是形容词，做连系动词come 的表语。

eg．My dream will come true someday. 有一天我的梦想会实现。

Her dream to go to university has come true．她上大学的愿望实现了。

9

四、练习Exercise:

I. Multiple choice

1. Are you your winter holiday next week?

A. going to have

B. will have

C. had

D. have

2. Do you often from your parents?

A. heard

B. hears

C. to hear

D. hear

3. Lucy her homework in her room now?

A. Is，doing

B. Does，do

C. Do，do

D. Did，do

4. She dances better than Mary .

A. is

B. has

C. does

D. dance

5. Mary usually up at five o’clock.

A. will get

B. got

C. get

D. gets

6. They four English classes a week last term.

A. has

B. have

C. had

D. are having

7. A bird can but I can’t.

A. flies

B. flying

C. flew

D. fly

8. They to see me yesterday evening.

A. will come

B. comes

C. are coming

D. came

9. We’re moving to a different town .

A. the day before yesterday

B. last Sunday

C. the day after tomorrow

D. a week ago

10. Look! The monkeys the tree.

A. climb

B. are climbing

C. is climbing

D. were climbing

11. When you to Australia? Next Monday.

10

A. did，fly

B. will，fly

C. are，fly

D. do，fly

12. Which team the next football match?

A. wins

B. won

C. will win

D. win

Keys: 1—5 ADACD 6—10 CDDCB 11—12 BC

II. 句型与结构

(I). Read each sentence. Add a second sentence with…ll using the words in parentheses.

1. I feel sick today. (be better tomorrow)

I’l lbebettertomorrow.

2. Gina has six classes today. (have a lot of homework tonight)

3. I’m tired now. (sleep later)

4. My parents need a new car. (buy one soon)

5. We can’t leave right now. (leave a little later)

6. The weather is awful today. (be better tomorrow)

Keys:

2. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight.

3. I’ll sleep later.

4. They’ll buy one soon

5. We’ll leave a little later

6. Maybe it’ll be better tomorrow.

(II). Complete the conversation. Use willorwon’t

11

A: How are you going?

B: Well，I’m looking for a job in a hospital.

A: What kind of hospital job you get?

B: Well，I know I be a secretary. I don’t know how to type.

Maybe I be a nurse. I like helping people. A: y ou have the same job in five years?

B: No，I .

A: What you do?

B: I change jobs. I get a job in a hospital.

Keys: will，won’t，will，Will，won’t，will，will，won’t

II、看图表，用more，less 或fewer 完成练习。

Littleton，New York

In 100 years…

1. There will be houses.

2. There will be pollution.

3. There will be schools.

4. There will be people.

12

5. There will be snow.

6. There will be movie theaters.

Keys:

1. more

2.less

3. fewer

4. more

5. less

6. fewer

III、阅读练习

CATV

CATV is a short way saying ―co mmunity antenna ( 公用天线) televisi on‖. But ―cab le television‖ is the name most people use. Cable television allows viewers(观众) to receive TV programs that they can not pick up with their ordinary antenna.

Television signals(信号) do not follow the curve(曲线) of the earth. They travel in straight lines in all directions. Signals from a TV station move towards the horizon(水平线) and then go into space. If you live only a few miles from a TV station，you may get a good picture on your set. But if you live more than 50 miles from a station，you may not get any pictures at all.

CATV began in 1948. People in places far from TV stations had to pay for putting up high antennas. A community antenna was usually placed on a hill，a mountain or on a high tower. The antenna picked up TV signals and fed them into a small local(当地的) station. From the station，thick wires called cable ran out to nearby homes. Each person using the cable paid a monthly charge(费用).

CATV worked well，and soon new uses were found for it. Local stations could feed programs into empty channels that were not in use. People along the cable could have local news，weather report，and farm and school news at no extra charge.

Today，cable television has moved into cities. It brings in extra programs that city viewers with ordinary antenna can not see. It is also used in many classrooms throughout the country.

根据短文内容，选择正确答案。

1. From the first paragraph we know that .

13

A. most people use cable television

B. ―co mmunity antenna‖ is used for cable television

C. a community antenna is used for cable television

D. an ordinary antenna can not pick up TV programs

2. Of the following，which is not the way TV signals travel?

A. In a curve.

B. In a straight line.

C. In all directions.

D. Towards the horizon.

3. Cable TV is becoming more and more popular because . A. it

is free of charge B. it provides all TV users good pictures

C. it only needs a bit of cable

D. it can provide more programs

4. On the whole，this passage is about .

A. how to put up high antennas

B. a way of picking up better TV programs

C. how to use the empty channels on your TV set

D. the way that TV signals are sent

5. From the passage we can infer(推测) that .

A. TV has begun to be used for educational purpose(目的)

B. viewers can receive more TV programs with their ordinary antennas

C. cable TV can not be used in small towns

D. antennas for cable TV are usually put up in the center of a community

Keys: CADBA

Unit 2 What should I do?

【单元目标】

1．单词与短语

14

stereo, loud, argue, original, serious, style, wrong, argument, either, teen, talk, family, tutor, haircut, caller, except, upset

1.want sb. to do sth.

2.play one’s stereo 3 stay at home

4.argue with sb / have an argument with sb.

5.be out of style

6.write sb a letter/write to

7.talk about

8.on the phone

9. surprise sb. 10.pay for 11.get a part-time job 12.borrow sth. from sb.

13.ask sb. fo r…14. have a bake sale 15.find out 16.be upset

17. ca ll… up 18.the same as 19. get on well with sb. 20. return sth.

21.have a fight with sb. 22.from…t o…23. drop off 24.prepare for

25.after-school clubs 26.be used to 27.fill up 28.take the middle road

2．目标句型：

1. What should I do?

2. Why don’t you…?

3. You could …

4. You should…

5. You shouldn’t…

3．语法情态动词的用

法Ⅰ

【重难点分析】情态动词

(Modal Verbs )Ⅰ

15

* 情态动词也可称为―情态助动词(Modal Auxiliaries)‖，因为它和基本助动词(be,do, have)都属于助动词类。

* 情态动词和其他动词连用，可表示说话人的语气。

* 情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。

* 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。

* 常用的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would 这九大情态动词；其他的还有ought to, need, dare 等。

一、九大情态动词的时态关系：

1. 现在式can -- 过去式could

2. 现在式may -- 过去式might

3. 现在式shall -- 过去式should

4. 现在式will -- 过去式would

5. 现在式must -- 过去式must （常用had to 来代替）

二、情态动词表示“可能”或“预测”

(can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to)

（1）can 和could 用于表示“可能”或“预测”：

1. He can't be at home. (否定句)

他不可能在家。

16

2. Can the news be true? (将情态动词can 置于主语the news 前就成疑问句)

这消息可能是真的吗?

3. Anybody can make mistake. (只表示理论上的可能性) 任何人都可能犯错误。（2）may 和might 用于表示“事实上的可能性”或“预测”：

1. It may rain tomorrow. (表示可能会发生) 明天可能会下雨。

2. It may snow later this afternoon. (表示预测) 今天下午可能会下雪。

3. You might be right. (表示有可能) 你可能是对的。

（3）will 和would 用于表示“预测”或“习惯性”：

1. I think he will be all right now. (will be 表示一定会) 我想他现在一定好了。

2. That would be his mother.(would be 表示肯定是) 那肯定是他母亲。

3. He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.(will 表示经常的)

他经常一连几个小时坐在那儿看着河水。

（4）shall 和should 用于表示“必定”：

1. I shall be rich one day. (shall be ) 总有一天我会发达的。

2. That should be Sam and his mother. (should be) 那准是Sam 和他的母亲。（5）must 用于表示“必定”，“必会”：

1. This must be good for you.(must be 肯定) 这肯定对你是有益的。

17

2. All mankind must die.(表示必然会发生的事) 所有的人一定会死的。

3. Mustn't there be a mistake? (mustn't 多用于疑问句) 那肯定会有错误吗？

三、情态动词表示“许可”、“请求”

(can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must)

（1）can 和could 用于表示“许可”、“请求”：

1. Can I go with you? (请求) 我能跟你一起走吗？

2. Father said I could go to cinema. (表示过去的许可) 爸爸说我可以去看电影。

3. Could I ask you something ? (请求,用could 比can 更婉转) 我可以问你一件事吗？（2）will 和would 用于表示“请求”

1. Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office? (表示客气请求)

请问到邮局怎么走？

2. Would you give me your address? (用would 比will 表示更客气)

请你告诉我你的地址，好吗？

（3）shall 和should 用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意见

1. Shall we talk? 我们谈谈好吗？

2. What should we do next? (用should 比shall 表示更客气) 下一步我们该怎么做？

3. Shall he come to see you? (用于第三人称疑问句) 要不要他来看你？

18

（4）may 和might 用于表示“许可”(口语中多用can )

1. You may take a walk. (表示给予许可) 你可以散散步。

2. You might read the story for me. (比may 更婉转) 是否请给我读一读这故事。

3.May I make a suggestion? 我可以提个建议吗？

4. Might I take a look of your work? 我看看您的大作行吗？

5. Students may not make noise in the library. (may not 表示不许可或禁止)

学生不得在图书馆里吵闹。

6. If I may say so, you are not right. (用于条件句，表示请求)

你是不对的，如果我可以这么说的话。

（5）must 用于表示“禁止”，“不准”：

1. Cars must not be parked here. (must not 表示不许可) 此地不准停车。

2. All of you mustn't fishing in the pool. (must not 语气方面比may not 更强)

你们不准在池里钓鱼。四、重要短语和

表达法(Key Words)

1．argue v．争论；争吵argue with sb．与某人吵架

I argued with my best friend．我和我的好朋友吵架了。 Don’t

argue with him. 别和他争吵了。

2．① either adv.（用于否定句）也

19

He doesn’t have any money, and I don’t, either．他没有钱，我也没有。

I can’t play chess. She can’t, either.我不会下国际象棋，她也不会。

② too 也（用于肯定或疑问句）

I’m a teacher．He is a teacher, too．我是老师，他也是老师。

We are going hiking.Are they going hiking,too?我们要去徒步旅行,他们也要去吗？3．ask （sb．）for sth．向某人寻求某物；要……

Don't ask for food every day．Go and find some work．别天天要饭，找点儿工作做。

I don’t think you should ask your parents for some money.我想你不应向父母要钱。If you have any problems, you can ask the policeman for help. 如果你有困难，可

以向警察求助。

He didn't want to ask his teacher for his book back．他不想向老师要回他的书了。4．the same as... 与……相同

The clothes are the same as my friends'．这些衣服与我朋友的一样。

Tom is the same age as Anna．＝ Tom is as old as Anna．汤姆和安娜一样大。

Her backpack is the same as mine. 她的背包与我的一样。

5．except 除……以外；（不包括……在内）

My class has been invited except me．＝Only I haven't been invited．除我以外，我的同学都被邀请了。

All the students went to the park except him．＝Only he didn't get to the park． They all toured America except her.

除了他以外，所有的学生都去美国旅行过。

20

besides 除……以外（包括在内）

We all went there besides him．＝ He went there．We went there, too．除他去以外，我们也都去了。

There are five more visitors besides me.除了我之外还有5倍访客

6．wrong adj．错误的；有毛病的；不合适的

Is there anything wrong with you? 你哪儿不舒服？

─ What's wrong with you? 你怎么了?(你哪里不舒服?)

─ I've got a headache．我头痛。

What’s wrong with your watch? It doesn't work.你的手表怎么了？它不走了。adv．错误地；不正确地；不对地

He answered wrong．他答错了。

They knew they did wrong. 他们知道他们做错了。

7．get on well with sb．与某人相处融洽

The students will get on well with the teacher．学生会和老师相处得非常好。We get on well with each other．我们彼此相处融洽。

Can she get on well with all the other students in her class?

她能与她班里所有的同学相处得好吗?

8．have a fight with sb．＝ fight with sb．与某人打架

I don‘t want to have a fight with my cousin．我不想和我的堂兄打架。

They never fight with each other.They are really good friends. 他们从

不打架，他们的确是好朋友。

21

五、主要句型(Key Sentences Structures)

What should I do? You could write him a

letter．What should he do? Maybe he should say

sorry to him What should they do? They shouldn't

argue．六、词语辨析

1. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人处借进某物

lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人

borrow sth. from sb. 是指该句的主语从别人处(往里)借进某物

例:He borrowed the dictionary from Lucy yesterday. 他昨天从露西处借了那本字典.

lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth.

是指该句的主语把某物（往外）借给别人用

例如：Could you lend me your car? 请你借给我你的车用一下好吗？

2. ①get sb. to do…使……做（以人为对象时，有“说服……使做……”的含义）

He could get a tutor to come to his home. 他可以请一位家庭教师来他家。

You’ll never get her to agree. 你决不可能使她同意。

②ask sb. to do…邀请（人）做……

We asked her to come to our party.我们请她来参加聚会

③ tell sb. to do…让某人做某事例如：

The teacher told him to finish the work that day. 老师那天让他完成那项工作。

3、be in style 时髦的，流行的

be out of style 过时的，不时髦的

22

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/8wpq.html