非谓语动词的做题步骤

非谓语动词的做题步骤:

1. 判定是谓语还是非谓语。 方法：找谓语动词。

如果句子已经有了谓语动词，要用的动词有下列情况： 1）并列谓语（应有连词and，but，or等）；

2）并列句或从句谓语（应有从句、连词或分号“；”）； 3）非谓语动词（作主、宾、表、定、状、补等成分）。

2. 找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。 1）一般是句子的主语；

2）定语的逻辑主语是所修饰词； 3）宾语补足语的逻辑主语是宾语；

4）独立主格结构的逻辑主语是分词前名词或代词。

3. 判断主被动关系。

方法：确定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系。

4. 判断时间关系。

方法：分析句子，看非谓语动词动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing。 注意：

这些只用于一般情况，注意特殊情况，如：有些动词只接不定式作宾语，而有些动词只能接动词-ing形式作宾语。再如：judging from等一类短语已是固定结构。 例如：

1）The storm left, _____ a lot of damage to this area.

A. caused B. have caused C. to cause D. having caused 分析：

（1）判断是谓语还是非谓语:句中left是谓语，cause要用非谓语形式,排除B项；

（2）找逻辑主语：cause是“The storm left”的结果状语，逻辑主语是句子主语the storm； （3）判断主被动：cause a lot of damage是由the storm发出的,所以是主动,排除A（caused 作非谓语时是过去分词,表被动）；

（4）判断先后关系:cause damage与谓语动词left前已经发生,要用表示动作已经发生的having done。

答案：D。

2）______many times, he still couldn’t understand it .

A. Having been told B. Being told C. He had been told D. Though he was told 分析：

（1）判断是谓语还是非谓语:句中couldn’t understand是谓语，没有并列句连词and、but、so等，排除C；选项D是让步状语从句，但是many times经常用完成时表示强调，排除D。所以told要用非谓语形式。

（2）找逻辑主语：tell要作状语，逻辑主语是句子主语he；

（3）判断主被动：根据句意，he是被别人告诉的，所以he和tell是被动关系，用be told； （4）判断先后关系: be told是在couldn’t understand前发生,要用表示动作已经完成的having been told。 答案：A。

非谓语动词做题七原则

1. 用作目的状语，多用不定式

When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _____ for a space flight. A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained

解析：由于进行航空飞行训练是他被派往那儿的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除 A 和 B。另外，由于“他”与“训练”为被动关系，选D。

2. 用作伴随状语，多用动词-ing形式

As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not___, and asked myself what I was going to do.

A. moved B. moving C. to move D. Being moved

解析：move与主语“I”是主动关系，与stood同时进行，用动词-ing形式，选B。

3. 用作结果状语时，可用-ing形式或不定式

不定式多表示意料之外的结果，而合乎逻辑的结果，即意料之中的结果多用-ing形式。

1）The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_____in the natural light during the day.

A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let 解析：此处用-ing形式表示自然而然的结果，选B。

2）He hurried to the booking office only _____ that all the tickets had been sold out. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 解析：不定式表示出人意料的结果，tell与主语是被动关系，选B。 注意句型：... never to do/ to be done

He left his hometown 20 years ago, never to return. 他20年前离开了，再也没有回来。

4. 有被动意义时，多用过去分词

但是，所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；强调所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing形式的被动式。

1）The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _____. A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard

解析：根据句意，此处指的是“被听见”，故要用被动式，排除B和C；另外，“设法被听见”为目的状语，动作在当时尚未发生，故用不定式，选A。 2）At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ______ could be heard outside the classroom. A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close 解析：of后应接-ing形式，desks与open and close之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，又因could be heard，所以选-ing形式的被动式表示正在被进行的动作。答案为C。

5. 强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，要用完成式。

根据句子要求选用不定式的完成式或-ing形式的完成式。 1）_____ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other countries in the world.

A. Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. to be separated

解析：强调完成，与逻辑主语是被动关系，用-ing形式的完成被动式。选C。

2）—Li Ming is said ____ abroad. Do you know what country he studied in? —Yes. In London.

A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying

解析：句型“sb. +be said+ to do sth.”表明空白处要加不定式，因为studied在“is said”之前发生，用不定式的完成式。选A。如果studied改成“will study”，选B；studied改成“studies”，可以用C。

6. 非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语应与主句主语保持一致。 Faced with a bill for $10,000，__________.

A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given John an extra job C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John 解析：及物动词face表示（困难、死亡、毁灭等）面临（某人），某人作主语一般用（be） faced with...，所以faced的逻辑主语，即句子的主语是人，排除C、D；是John面临着要付的账单，而不是老板，排除B。所以选A。

7. 作定语时的原则：

表示动作尚未发生，用不定式；表示动作正在进行，用-ing；表示完成、被动，用过去分词。 注意：动词-ing形式的完成式（having done, having been done）不用作定语；受the first，the second ... the last修饰的名词或代词后多要用不定式作定语。

1) There will be more than three hundred scientists attending the meeting _____ the day after tomorrow.

A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held 解析：因the day after tomorrow可知选D。

2) There are hundreds of visitors _____ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Gogh’s paintings.

A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait 解析：waiting强调正在进行。选C。

3) “Things _____ never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself. A. lost B. losing C. to lost D. have lost 解析：过去分词表示被动和完成。选A。

非谓语动词在句中所做成分比较

to do和v-ing作主语

相当于名词或代词，往往用it作形式主语替代，将不定式或动名词放在句尾。 It is possible to live an independent and fulfilling life. 过独立满足的生活是可能的。 注意：

1）动词-ing作主语，多表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念或一个已经完成的动作，而不定式则表示具体的某一次或将来的动作。但是有时区别很小。 Exploring the Amazon River deserves courage. 探险亚马逊河需要勇气。

To explore the Amazon River this summer has been good news to us. 今年夏天探险亚马逊河对我们来说是条好消息。

2）动名词较少用形式主语，只在“It is no good/ no use/ fun doing sth.”等句型中用。 It’s fun talking to a foreign teacher. 跟外教谈话很有趣。

3）句型“There be+ no +主语”中，多用动词-ing形式。

There is no telling what will happen. = It is impossible to tell what will happen. 无法知道会发生什么事。

4）表语是不定式，主语要用不定式；表语是-ing形式，主语也用-ing形式。

to do，v-ing和done作表语

注意：表示一般的概念，不定式、动词-ing形式作表语可以互换。表示具体的个别动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式；过去分词做表语往往表状态。 Spring is gone and summer is come. （过去分词） 春天去了，夏天到了。

Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.（动名词） 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。

The problem is quite puzzling. （现在分词） 这个问题很令人困惑。

下面情况多用不定式作表语：

1）主语表示职业、职责或性质等。

I found a part-time job, which is to guide the patients. 我找到一份兼职：引导病人。

2）主语是表示目标、计划、打算、希望、决定、选择等的名词。 The intention of this book is to introduce popular science. 这本书旨在介绍科普知识。

3）主语和表语都是不定式，主语表示条件，表语表示目的或结果。 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。

4）主语为what从句。

What I would suggest is to put off the meeting. 我的建议是推迟会议。

5）在系动词 be, seem, appear, get, remain等后。 He seems to be eating something in the kitchen. 他似乎在厨房吃东西。

过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：

过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示动作。 Don’t touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。

The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。（被动语态，表示动作）

to do和v-ing作宾语

常用v-ing作宾语的动词：admit（承认），appreciate（感激），avoid（避免）， imagine（想象）等

Fancy meeting you here! 想不到在这儿见到你了！

常用不定式作宾语的动词：offer （提出）, intend, promise （答应）, refuse （拒绝）, long （想要）, fail（不能）, pretend （假装）, manage （设法做到）, afford（承担得起） I decided to ask for my money back. 我决定要回我的钱。

既可用动词-ing形式作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语且区别不大的动词：begin, continue, hate,

prefer等。

They prefer spending/ to spend their summer vacation in Dalian. 他们更喜欢在大连度暑假。

注意：应尽量避免接连出现两个动词-ing形式。如：

避免说：I am starting learning Russian. 应改成：I am starting to learn Russian. 既可用动词-ing形式作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语但区别很大的动词：

The medicine can’t help to get rid of your cold. 这药不能帮你治好感冒。

The girl couldn’t help crying when she saw her mother again. 当小女孩再次看到母亲时，她情不自禁地哭了起来。 不定式可以作介词but和except的宾语：

It had no effect except to make him angry. 那除了会让他生气外没有任何作用。 英语中除了介词but/ except外，介词后一般接动词-ing形式作宾语：admit to（承认），be equal to（等于），see to（注意，处理），stick to（坚持）等，其中的to都是介词。 She looks forward every spring to walking in the flower-lined garden. 每年春天她盼望着在铺满鲜花的公园里散步。 作形容词busy\\ worth的宾语：

The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这首曲子很值得多听几遍。

We are busy preparing for the sports meet. 我们正忙着为运动会做准备。

to do，v-ing和done作宾语补足语

1） 在动词ask, tell, cause, allow, permit, forbid, want, advise, force, get, encourage, warn等后接不定式作宾语补足语。

Every teacher ought to encourage their students to think for themselves. 每一位老师都应激励学生独立思考问题。 2）在感官动词feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch和使役动词have, let, make等词后的宾语补足语中，不定式不带to，但是这些句子如果变成被动结构，就必须带to。 They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree. 他们看见那个男孩突然从树上掉下来。

但是：The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree.

3）特别提醒：hope, demand, agree, suggest, insist等不能跟不定式作宾语补足语。 × I agree you to leave early.

√ I allow you to leave early. 我同意你提前离开。

4）动词-ing作宾语补足语表示与宾语之间的主动关系或正在进行，而过去分词表示与宾语之间的被动关系，或动作已经完成，强调动作的结果，而不定式一般强调动作的过程。 We heard her singing next door. 我们听到她正在隔壁唱歌。（主动、进行） We heard her often sing next door. 我们听到她常在隔壁唱歌。（主动、完成） We heard the song sung by her. 我们听这首歌被她唱过。（被动、完成） We heard the song being sung next door.

我们听见隔壁有人在唱这首歌。（被动、进行） He had his money stolen. 他的钱给偷了。（被别人偷去了）

Jim often has his father help him with his homework. 吉姆经常让他的父亲帮助做家庭作业。

They had the tractor working all the time. 他们让拖拉机一直工作着。

We won’t have the child talking to his mother like that. 我们不能让那个孩子那样对他的妈妈说话。

to do，v-ing和done作定语

I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多工作要做。（work是to do的逻辑宾语）

In the old days the poor had no chance to go to school. 从前，穷人没有机会上学。（to go to school是“机会chance”的内容）

The room was quite dark inside, so he made some candles to give light. 房间里很暗，所以他制作了一些照亮的蜡烛。（candles做了to give light的动作，是不定式的逻辑主语）

We need more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多的合格的老师。

The girl dressed in red is my daughter. 穿红色衣服的女孩是我女儿。

The experience gained will be of great value to us. 已经得到的经验会对我们非常有价值。 walking sticks 手杖/a booking office 售票厅（说明所修饰词的用途，表示“供作??之用”，这时v-ing形式与名词没有逻辑上的主谓关系，是动名词。）

a sleeping baby 正在睡觉的婴儿/ a puzzling problem 困扰人的问题（说明所修饰词的性质或动作，表示“??的”，此时v-ing形式与名词有逻辑上的主谓关系，是现在分词。） 注意：

1）如果不定式所修饰的名词是time, place或way,不定式后面习惯上要省略介词。 He had no money and no place to live. 他没有钱也没有地方住。

（如果我们用room代替place，就应该用no room to live in。因为此处的不定式与前面的名词构成动宾结构，不及物动词live要加in才能加宾语，即to live in the room。但是在像place一样的特殊词汇，习惯上省略介词。）

2）不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可用主动语态，又可用被动语态，但含义不同。如果修饰名词的不定式的动作是主语做的, 不定式用主动语态。 试比较：

Have you anything to send?

你有什么东西要寄吗？(不定式to send 的逻辑主语是you) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗？

(不定式to be sent的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，而是没有提到的me或someone else，这时不定式用被动语态)

3）不定式作定语多表示将来，而动词-ing形式表示正在进行或用途，过去分词则表示已经完成和被动。

a problem to be discussed tomorrow 明天要讨论的问题

a problem being discussed now 现在正讨论的问题

a problem discussed for thousands of years 已讨论多年的问题 a waiting room 候诊室 注意：

1）选择v-ing形式还是过去分词作定语取决于动词与所修饰词的主动或者被动的关系，即其逻辑主语是其所修饰词。

a letter offering me the job = a letter which offered me the job 一封给我这份工作的信

a letter written by his boss = a letter which was written by his boss 一封老板写来的信

2）不定式作定语常表示将来，对比：

to do, v –ing和done作状语

不定式作状语，一般表示目的（前面可以加in order 或so as已示强调）、原因（多在表示情感的词后）、结果（出乎意料的结果，前可加only或too... to, enough to等结构）。 I come here only to say good-bye to you. （目的） 我来只是向你告别。

What have I said to make you angry? （结果） 我说了什么让你这么生气？

I am pretty pleased to hear the news that you are elected as the president of the club. （原因）

听说你被选为俱乐部主席，我非常高兴。

动词-ing形式作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。 Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination. （时间） 我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。

Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday. （原因） 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。

His father died, leaving him a lot of money. （结果） 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。

Turning to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage. （条件） 向右转你会找到通往他的茅舍的小路。

Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. （让步） 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。

He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.（伴随） 他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。 过去分词做状语

Told that his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly. （时间） 知道了他母亲病了，李雷赶紧回了家。

Satisfied with what he did, the teacher praised him in class. （原因） 老师对他做的很满意，在班上表扬了他。

Given a few minutes, I’ll finish it. （条件） 给我几分钟，我就会完成它。

Explained a hundred times, he still can’t understand it. （让步）

给他解释了上百次，他仍然不明白。

He fell off a tall tree, his leg broken. （结果） 他从一棵很高的树上掉了下来，腿骨折了。 注意：

1）表示强调或出于表达需要，有时作状语的非谓语形式前常加一个连词：when, while, after, before, if, though, whether, unless, as if 等，相当于省略了主语和部分谓语的状语从句。 Though being ill (=Though he was ill), he would not take a rest. 虽然病了，但他仍不愿休息。 2）表示主动的过去分词

有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主动。常见的有：lost（迷路）； seated（坐）；hidden（躲）；stationed（驻扎）；lost / absorbed in（沉溺于）；born（出身于）；dressed in（穿着）；tired of（厌烦）等。

Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound. 因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。

Dressed in a jacket, he walked out of the house. 他身穿一件夹克走出了那幢房子。 3）动名词的复合结构：

相当于名词的动词-ing形式，有时其逻辑主语不是句子的主语，而有自己的逻辑主语，这时要用动名词的复合结构：

物主代词/名词的所有格+ v-ing形式

I would appreciate yourcalling back this afternoon. 你今天下午给我打电话我很感激。

What worried the child most was hisnot being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital. 最让那个孩子担心的是不让他到医院看他妈妈。

We are looking forward to the doctor’scoming to see her. 我们都盼着医生来给她看病。 注意： 在口语中，v-ing形式的复合结构作宾语时，可用名词的普通格，或代词的宾格；但在句首作主语，则不行。

I can hardly imagine Peter/Peter’s sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. 我不能想象彼得五天内横渡大西洋。

Would you mind my/ me using your telescope? 用一下你的望远镜介意吗？

Your going there will help a lot. 你到那里对事情将大有帮助。

单项选择

1. With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ________ presents for my dad.

A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought

2. It’s important for the figures _______ regularly.

A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated

3. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _____ for a space flight. A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained

4. Frank’s dream was to have his own shop_____ to produce the works of his own hands.

A. that B. in which C. by which D. how

5．There is nothing more I can try______ you to say, so I wish you good luck.

A. being persuaded B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade

6．There are five pairs_______, but I’m at a loss which to buy.

A. to be choose B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing

7．Special attention should be paid______ our earth from________. A. to prevent; being polluted B. to prevent; polluting C. to preventing; being polluted D. to preventing; polluted

8．---My sister couldn’t help jumping with joy at the news.

---Why not? One can’t imagine what it feels like______ the first prize. A. winning B. to win C. win D. having won

9．As they are retired, Mr. and Mrs. Scott prefer a house in the country to___their late years there.

A. spend B. spending C. spent D. spends

10. My teacher was made _____ his teaching because of poor health. A. giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up

11. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. don’t make

12. I would love ____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.

A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone

13. ---- Can you ride a horse?

---- No, I never had the chance ____.

A. for learning it B. for learning how C. how to learn it D. to learn how

14. We all think it most foolish ______ this mistake.

A. for you making B. of you to make C. you to make D. for you to make

15. So far nobody has claimed the money _______ in the library.

A. discovered B. to be discovered C. discovering D. having discovered

16. In April, thousands of holiday-makers remained _______ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.

A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck

17. With the government’s aid, those _____ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.

A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected

18. The manager，_______ his factory’s products were poor in quality，decided to give his workers further training．

A．knowing B．known C．to know D．being known

19．As we joined the big crowd I got _________ from my friends. A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed

20. The old man, ________ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked

21. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _____as the plane was making a landing.

A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating

22. The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses ________vacation to China. A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid

23. The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well ________.

A．to spend B．spent C．being spent D．spending

24. The manager, ______ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.

A．who has made B．having made C．made D．making

25. The Town Hall ______ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time. A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being completed

26. The flowers _______ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.

A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt

27. Everyone was ________ by his _______ progress which he made during the two months. A. surprised; surprise B. surprised; surprised C. surprised; surprising D. surprising; surprising

28. When he turned around, he found a pair of eyes _________ him. A. looking B. watch at C. fixing on D. staring at

29. Steven has devoted all his life to _______ films, and Kate, his wife, is also ________ to the duty of her profession.

A. make; devoted B. making; devoting C. making; devoted D. make; devoting

30. The film, _______ true story of this Red Army general, attracted people’s interest all over the country.

A. is based on B. is on the base of C. which is the base of D. based upon

31. We were told that the stone figure _______ back to the 16th century was of great value. A. dated B. dating C. coming D. kept

32. I suggested the cheat _________ into prison. A. referred to being put B. referred be put C. referred should be put D. referred to be put

33. Hearing the good news, I felt a heavy load ________ my mind.

A. taking off B. to be taken off C. having taken off D. taken off

34. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on education, with girls as well as boys ________ to go to school．

A．to be encouraged B．encouraging C．encouraged D．be encouraged

35. The speech which he made ______ the project bothered me greatly.

A. being concerned B. be concerned C. concerned D. concerning

36. Every one of us has many responsibilities ______us, so we must work hard. A．attaching B．attaching to C．attached with D．attached to

37. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______ a good college. A. enter B. to enter C. entering D. entered

38. Anyone ______ trying to take knives on board flights would be caught by the police. A. finds B. found C. being found D. will find

39. Hearing the news, he rushed out, ______ the book ______ on the table and disappeared into the distance. A. left; lain open B. leaving; lying open C. leaving; lie opened D. left; lay opened

40. Who did the boss _____ his car this time?

A. make wash B. make to wash C. make washing D. making to wash

41. —Did you listen to the lecture?

—Yes, I have never heard such a _____ one.

A. more exciting B. more excited C. most exciting D. most excited

42. _____ any biscuits that morning, we had nothing to eat. A. Not baking B. Not having baked

C. Not being baked D. Not having been baked

43. ____ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing

44. _____ the child to bed, she began to correct the pupil’s exercise. A. Sending B. Being sent C. Sent D. Having sent

45. There are some differences between ocean water and rain water. _____ ocean water, rain water is light.

A. Comparing to B. Compare with

C. Compared with D. Comparing with

46. While building a tunnel through the mountain, _______. A. an underground lake was discovered

B. there was an underground lake discovered C. a lake was discovered underground.

D. the workers discovered an underground lake

47. ______ these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing and ______ from the top of a thirty-storey building, Beijing looks more magnificent. A. Seeing; seen B. Seen; seeing C. Seeing; seeing D. Seen; see

48. ________from heart trouble for years，Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes．

A．Suffered B．Suffering C．Having suffered D．Being suffered

49. He sent me an e-mail，________to get further information． A．hoped B．hoping C．to hope D．hope

50. Do you wake up every morning _______ energetic and ready to start a new day? A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt

51. Alice returned from the manager’s office，_____me that the boss wanted to see me at once．

A．having told B．tells C．to tell D．telling

52．________the programme，they have to stay there for another two weeks． A. Not completing B．Not completed

C. Not having completed D．Having not completed

53. The news reporters hurried to the airport，only ________the film stars had left． A．to tell B．to be told C．telling D. told

54. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month，he had a hard time ________the exam． A．pass B．to pass C．passed D. passing

55. Having been attacked by terrorists，________．

A．doctors came to their rescue B．the tall building collapsed

C．an emergency measure was taken D．warnings were given to tourists

56. The bell ________the end of the period rang，________our heated discussion． A．indicating；interrupting B．indicated；interrupting C．indicating；interrupted D．indicated：interrupted

57. When you find something in your writing that needs ______, you should mark it on the paper.

A. to be correcting B. correct C. to correct D. correcting

58. ______ the way to take, the traveller went on his journey.

A. Telling B. Having told C. Having been told D. Have told 59. _______, we left off our work.

A. After setting the sun B. Having set the sun C. The sun having set D. Being the sun set

60. You must be careful when ______ on the highway.

A. you driving B. are driving C. driving D. you were driving

单项选择

1. B。不定式作目的状语，表示“要买礼物”，不定式动作在谓语动作之后，所以选项D是错误的。

2. A。句型：It is important for sb. to do sth.某人做某事是重要的；不定式动作update（更新）与其逻辑主语the figures（数字）是被动关系，即数字是被更新的，所以用不定式的被动式，排除C、D；因为update这一动作不是在谓语动作之前发生，不用不定式的完成式，排除B。 3．D。句意：当问及他为何去那里时，他说他被派往那里做太空飞行训练。根据句意可知he与train之间为被动关系，所以排除A，C两项；而设空处在句中应作目的状语，所以要用不定式，排除B项。 4. B。介词+which +不定式作定语，其作用和定语从句差不多。“在商店里”要用in。

5．D。句意：既然我没有办法说服你留下来，我只好祝你幸运。定语从句I can try 修饰先行词nothing，省略的关系词that代替先行词在从句中作try的宾语,to persuade是目的状语，即try nothing more to persuade you。

6．B。动词不定式to choose from作定语。所提供的情况“but I’m at a loss which to buy”表明有五双可供选择而不是选择五双，要在to choose 后加from,句意：有五双可供选择，我拿不定主意买哪一双。 7．C。pay attention to中to 是介词，应当接动词-ing形式，A，B不予考虑；prevent?from?中from也是介词，连接动词-ing形式。

8．B。考查非谓语动词。不要误入feel like（喜欢）doing的误区。此题中what引导的宾语从句中it是形式主语，to win the first prize是真正的主语，feels like（感觉像什么）是谓语，what是宾语。

9．A。本题考查不定式。易误认为prefer?to?, to作介词的结构。但此句意为，他们宁愿在乡下要一所房子来安度晚年。不定式作目的状语，故选A。

10. B。make sb. do sth.变成被动句后do前省略的不定式符号to要重新加上。

11. B。不定式短语to make...与前面to make life easier一起作并列表语，其否定式把not放to 前。

12. B。would love to do 想要做某事，would love to have done 希望过去做过某事，因为不定式的动作在would love之前发生，所以用不定式的完成式。 13. D。chance后接不定式表示将来，说明chance的内容；根据句意选D表示“学习如何（骑马）的方法的机会”，而不是“如何学习的机会”，排除C。

14. B。如果不定式有自己的逻辑主语，一般用for或of引出，此处不定式前的形容词foolish是表示某人的性格特点的，可以写成“you are foolish”，要用of。 15. A。money与discover是被动关系，而且已经完成，所以用过去分词作定语。句意：至今为止，还没有人认领在图书馆发现的钱。

16. B。remain stuck 的系表结构，stick 意为“使停止，困住”，度假的人是被火山灰困住的，所以用过去分词stuck作表语，意为“被困住了”。

17. C。“those affected by?” 意思是：受地震影响的人们。

18. A。The manager与know之间为主动关系，排除B、D；know与谓语动作decided同时发生的，所以选A。

19. A。separate与逻辑主语“I”是被动关系，用过去分词在系动词get后作表语，相当于be separated；get lost意为“迷路”，与下面的from无法搭配。separate? from 把??与??分开。 20. D。work与逻辑主语（句子的主语）是主动关系，而且已经完成，所有用v-ing形式的完成式作非限制性定语。

21．C。seat是及物动词，表示“使某人就坐”，如果表示“某人坐下”，一般用seat oneself 或be seated，所以与其逻辑主语“the passengers”是被动关系，所以用seated作remain的表语。 22. B。expenses与pay是被动关系，所以用paid；“an all expenses paid vacation”意思是“所有费用都被付过的假期”，即“所有费用全免的假期”。 23. B。钱是被花掉（spend）的，所以用spend的过去分词，与well一起作money的定语。句意：修理费用很高，但是用得其所。

24. B。make it clear to us? (向我们说清楚??)表示的动作是经理做的，因此是主动的，而且在谓语动作之前完成，所以用v-ing形式的完成式。注意选项A应是who had made，因为在left之前完成。

25. C。大厅是被建完（complete）的，而且已经完成，用过去分词作定语。

26. B。此处为现在分词作定语，修饰flowers。smell为系动词，不能用于被动语态，相当于which/that smells sweet。 27. C。surprised 表示人的感觉，意为“感到吃惊的”；surprising 表示事物的性质，意为“令人吃惊的”。

28. D。stare at 意为“凝视”，“眼睛盯着??”，eyes与stare是主动关系，用现在分词作宾语补足语；fix one’s eyes on sb. /sth. 意为“把眼睛固定在某人/物上”，eyes与fix是被动关系，要用过去分词作宾语补足语，排除C。“发现”时，“盯着”正在进行，所以选D。

29. C。devote one’s life to（致力于）中的to是介词，后接动词-ing形式作宾语，排除A、D；be devoted to 意思也是“致力于”，devote一般用过去分词作表语，表示状态。

30. D。be based on/ upon 以??为基础，根据；句子主语The film的谓语是attracted，空白处应该是非谓语动词作非限制性定语，所以去掉be。选项C逻辑关系错误，电影不是“那个真实故事”的基础。

31. B。分析句子可知，that从句中the stone figure的谓语动词是was (of great value)，而空白处应该是从句主语的定语；date back to意为“回溯到”，是不及物动词，与stone figure（石像）是主动关系。所以用现在分词。

32. D。referred to 被提及的，是过去分词作定语，修饰the cheat；be put是suggested的宾语从句的谓语，省略了should。句意：我建议提到的那个骗子应该被关进监狱。

33. D。take a heavy load off 把沉重的担子拿掉。宾语a heavy load与动词take是被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。

34. C。孩子们是被鼓励的，所以用过去分词作with的宾语的补足语。 35. D。分析句子，The speech的谓语是bothered...，而which he made是定语从句，与concern没有关系；concern是及物动词，意为“关系到”，宾语是the project，是主语the speech的定语，与the speech是主动关系，所以选D。 36. D。attach to 意思是“使牵连、使依附、贴上”，责任是被赋予人的，所以用过去分词attached to us作定语。句意：我们每个人都有依附于我们的责任，所以我们必须努力学习。

37. B。此句为省略句，could 后省略了动词do，若把句子补充完整应为Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college.句中的不定式短语(to enter a good college)作目的状语，而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。

38. B。分析可知，Anyone的谓语动词是would be caught...，排除A、D；动词find及其附属成分是Anyone的定语，而且是被动关系，所以用过去分词。句意：被发现试图带刀上飞机的人会被警方抓住。

39. B。leave与句子主语he是主动关系，用leaving作结果状语；lying open是leaving的宾语补足语，lie（平放着）是不及物动词，与the book是主动关系，所以用lying；open是形容词，表示“the book”的状态。leave the book open 让书打开着放着。

40. A。如果把特殊疑问句变回陈述句可发现make sb. do sth.，句子提问make的宾语sb.，所以选A。句意：老板这次让谁给他洗车了？

41. A。表示事物的性质是“令人??”的，用-ing形式；a more exciting 用于否定句相当于最高级，句意：我从来没有听过一个比这更令人振奋的音乐会。 42. B。v-ing形式的动作bake（烤）发生在谓语动作（had）之前，所以用完成式；“we”与“bake”是主动关系，用主动语态。

43. C。sb. be faced with 是固定短语，表示“面临，面对”，此句中用过去分词短语作状语。 44. D。having sent作状语，表示v-ing形式的动作发生在谓语动作began之前。

45. C。“rain water”是被与海水“比较”的，且不强调“比较”正在进行或已经完成，这时用过去分词作状语。

46. D。v-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语须和主句的主语保持一致，选项中只有“工人们”可以做“building a tunnel（建隧道）”这一动作，所以选D。

47. A。第一空：see与第一个并列句的主语“I”是主动关系，而且与谓语动作“couldn’t help thinking”几乎同时进行，用v-ing形式的一般式；第二空：see与第二个并列句的主语“Beijing”是被动关系，所以用过去分词。

48. C。根据状语for years可判断用动词-ing形式的完成式。句意：经受了多年心脏病折磨的痛苦，怀特教授无论走到哪里都不得不随身带着药。

49. B。动词-ing形式hoping表示与send me an e-mail同时发生的主动动作。不定式作目的状语时，句子应是：He sent me an e-mail to get further information．如果要选择“hoped”时，句子应是：He sent me an e-mail and hoped ... “hoped”和“sent”作并列谓语。 50. C。feel是与谓语动作同时发生的另一个动作，而且与主语you是主动关系，所以用v-ing形式作状语，表示伴随状况。

51. D。根据句子已有谓语，排除选项B；根据非谓语动词tell在句子谓语动词returned之后，答案选D。 52. C。根据非谓语动词的否定形式的构成，排除选项D；根据非谓语动词与句子主语的主动关系，排除B；根据句子的意思，“没有完成计划”发生在have to stay之前，故选C。

53. B。根据句意，记者们赶到机场时发现意外的结果，应用不定式；不是记者告诉他人，而是记者被告知，故选B。

54. D。have a hard time(in)doing sth．意思是：在??方面有困难。介词后要用动词-ing形式作宾语。

55. B。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。由前面分词的语态可知，句子的主语应是the tall building，因此答案选B。

56. A。the bell在句子中是indicate和interrupt的逻辑主语，而且是主动关系，所以要用动词的-ing形式的主动语态。答案为A。

57. D。need后接动词-ing形式主动态表示被动，need correcting表示“需要被修改”。

58. C。非谓语动词tell与句子主语“the traveler”是被动关系，是别人告诉他走哪条路的，而且tell在谓语动词“went on...”之前完成，所以选C。

59. C。“set（下落）”的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，而是“the sun”，所以用独立主格结构作状语，相当于状语从句“After the sun (had) set”。句意：太阳下山后，我们停止了工作。

60. C。“你开车”，主动关系；“开车”和“必须小心”同时进行，所以用一般式的主动形式。为了强调，保留了when，相当于从句“when you are driving...”。

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