2013年全国职称英语等级考试用书(卫生类)终极完整word版 (1)

2013年全国职称英语等级考试用书（卫生类）

终极完整word版

第一部分词汇选项

词汇1-10

第二部分阅读判断

15篇

第三部分概括大意和完成句子

15篇

第四部分阅读理解

50篇

第五部分补全短文

15篇

第六部分完型填空

15篇

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第一部词汇选项

下面共有 10组词汇学习，每一组词汇学习有 15道小题。在每道题的句子里都有 1个词或短语划有底横线。请在4个选项中找出与加底线的词或短语意义昀相近的一项。

词汇学习1：

1. Will you please call my husband as soon as possible? C phone

2. We’ll give every teacher space to develop. C room

3. I have to go at once. C now

4. The policeman asked him to identify the thief. A name

5. We were all there when the accident occurred. A happened

6. It took me exactly a week to complete the work. D finish

7. The herb medicine eventually cured her disease. C finally

8. We had a long conversation about her parents. A talk

9. Please let me know if you are unable to attend the meeting. A go to

10. He have made up his mind to give up smoking. D decided

11. Your teacher will take your illness into account when marking your exams. C consideration

12. We have to put up with her behavior. A tolerate

13. They have given up the hope to save their friend from drowning. B abandoned

14. I seldom watch TV. A rarely

15. The dentist has decided to take out the girl’s bad tooth. D extract

词汇学习2：

·

1. America’s emphasis on the importance of education for everyone has spurred scientific research. A encouraged

*

2. Photojournalist Margaret White became famous for her coverage of significant events during the Second World War.

C reportage

3. Below 600 feet ocean waters range from dimly lit to completely dark. C faintly

*

4. “I’m not meddling,” Mary said mildly. “I’m just curious.” A gently

5. In 1861 it seemed inevitable that the Southern states would break away from the Union. B certain

6. Many of novelist Carson McCullers’ characters are isolated, disappointed people. A solitary

7. The workers finally called off the strike. C cancelled

8. John ha made up his mind not to go to the meeting. C decided

9. I catch cold now and then. B occasionally

10. He often finds fault with my work. A criticizes

11. The little girl grasped her mother’s arm as she crossed the street.C took hold of

12. In judging our work you should take into consideration the fact that we have been very busy recently. C account

*

13. I can no longer tolerate his actions. A put up with

14. The doctors have abandoned the hope to rescue the old man. B given up

15. Have you talked to her lately? C recently

2

词汇学习3：

·

1. Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed. B physical

3. Many residents of apartment complexes object to noisy neighbors, B occupants

*4. The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping. A continuously

*5. Hundreds of years ago cloves were used to remedy headaches. D cure

·6. John Hanson helped draft instructions for Maryland’s delegates to the Stamp Act Congress. B formulate

7. Practically all species of animals communicate either through sounds or through a l soundless codes. B Almost

8. Sulphur has occasionally been found in the earth in an almost pure state. C sometimes

9. When doves are about two weeks old, they are covered with grey feathers and are ready to try their wings. D test

10. I rarely wear a raincoat because I spend most of my time in a car. B seldom

*l l. When she was invited to the party, she readily accepted. A willingly

·12. The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth. A take out

13. You must shine your shoes. D polish

*14. The majority of people around here are decent people. A honest

·15. A deadly disease has affected these animals. C fatal

词汇学习4：

1. Many fine cooks insist on ingredients of the highest quality. A demand

2. Since the Great Depression, the United States government has protected farmers from damaging drops in

grain prices. D harmful

3. Cement was seldom used in building, during the Middle Ages. B rarely

4. Nerve signals may travel through nerve or muscle fibers at speeds as high as two hundred miles per hour. A velocities

5. The poet William Carlos Williams was a New Jersey physician.A doctor

6. Medicine depends on other fields for basic information, particularly some of their specialized brunches. C especially

7. We shall take the treasure away to a safe place. D secure

8. An important part of the national government is the Foreign Service, a branch of the Department of State. Ba division

*9. The child’s abnormal behavior puzzled the doctor. D unusual

13. Our plan is to allocate one member of staff to handle appointments. A assign

*14. Her behavior is extremely childish.

B immature

词汇学习5：

1. They have been living under the most appalling conditions for two years. A dreadful

2. I wasn’t qualified for the job really but I got it anyhow. B anyway

3. He achieved success through hard work. C attained

4. The standards set four years ago in Seoul will be far below the athletes’ capabilities now. D abilities

5. The army should have operated in conjunction with the fleet to raid the enemy’s coast. A together

6. His claims seem credible to many people. B convincing

7. Jack is a diligent worker. C hardworking

8. Society is now much more diverse than ever before. D varied

11. Contact your doctor if the cough persists. C continues

12. The powers of the European Commission to regulate competition in the Community are increasing. D control

词汇学习6：

*1. With immense relief, I stopped running. B enormous

·2. The scientists began to accumulate a huge mass of data. A build up

·3. When Jack eventually overtook the last truck he pulled over to the inside lane. B passed

*4. Because of the popularity of the region, it is advisable to book hotels in advance. D wise *

3

5. Data from Voyager Ⅱhave presented astronomers with a puzzle about why our outermost planet exists. B mystery

*6. He rolled up his trouser leg to exhibit his wounded knee. C show

*7. Why can’t you stop your eternal complaining! A everlasting

词汇学习7：

1. Loud noises can be annoying. D irritating

·2. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be deliberately controlled and modified. C intentionally

*3. The Constitution’s vague nature has given it the flexibility to be adapted when circumstances change. A imprecise

4. The expedition reached the summit at 10: 30 that morning. A top of the mountain

7. While serving in the Senate in the early 1970’s, Barbara Jordan supported legislation to ban discrimination and to deal with environmental problems. B forbid

*8. Gambling is lawful in Nevada. A legal

*9. They always mock me because I am ugly. D laugh at

*10. These are our motives for doing it. A reasons

*11. It was a question of making sure that certain needs were addressed, notably in the pensions area. C particularly

*12. His new girlfriend had omitted to tell him that she was married. B failed

conventional

+14. Charges for local telephone calls are outrageous. B unacceptable

15. Guests were scared when the bomb exploded. A frightened

词汇学习8：

2. He was one of the principal organizers of the association. A planners

*7. The little boy was so fascinated by the mighty river that he would spend hours sitting on its bank and gazing at the passing boats and rafts.

A very strong

*8. The stories of Sarah Orne Jewett are considered by many to be more authentically regional than those of Bret Harte.

B genuinely

10. Formulated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine asserted that the Amerio t A stated firmly

11. Smoking is not permitted in the office. D allowed

12. The chairman proposed that we should stop the meeting. C suggested

13. I feel regret about what’s happened. A sorry

14. She has proved that she can be relied on in a crisis. B depended on

15. John removed his overcoat. C took off

词汇学习9：

1. Although originally a German innovation, kindergarten got its real start in the United States as a movement

to provide an improved learning environment for children. D a better

2. There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a previous record of performance. A beats

3. The attack on Fort Sumter near Charleston provoked a sharp response from the North, which led to the American Civil War. B elicited

*4. Illinois has produced writers such as Carl Sandburg, gangsters such as Al Capone, and architects such as Louis Sullivan.

A violent criminals

5. The towers of a suspension bridge serve as n rigid framework to which the cables are attached. B skeleton

*6. The use of the chemical may present a certain hazard to the laboratory workers. D danger

4

*7. Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics.

C attraction

*8.The development of the transistor and circuits to be packaged more densely. A compactly 9. The leading astronomers of the sixteenth and were fascinated by cornets. A intrigued 11. They agreed to settle the dispute by peaceful means. A solve

13. We were shocked to find that Mary didn’t know her guest’s name. D surprised

词汇学习10：

2. The curious look from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy. C anxious

3. It is said that the houses along this street will soon be demolished. A pulled down

4. The advertising company was surprised by the adverse public reaction to the poster. D unfavorable

5. He began his talk by giving a concise definition of post-modernism. B short and clear

6. The staff of the company are always courteous and helpful. D respectful

7. The new job will provide you with invaluable experience. D extremely useful

8. The whole idea to build a deluxe hotel here sounds insane to me. C crazy

9. In his two-hour-long lecture he made an exhaustive analysis of the issue. A extremely thorough

13. Not all member states abided by the principle they had agreed on previously. A adhered to

14. Examination papers of the class were marked without bias. C fairly

15. The construction of the railway is said to have been terminated. B put an end to

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第二部分阅读判断

阅读下面的短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断，如果该句提供的是正确信息，就选A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，就选B；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，就选C。

第一篇Studies Show U.S. Spending Doesn’t Get Health

The United States may spend twice as much on health care as other rich countries but it is not getting results to match, according to studies released on Tuesday.

But in the study of five wealthy coutries, published in the journal Health Affairs, researchers found no single nation had clearly the worst or best health care system.

Gerard Anderson at Johns Hopkins University’s school of public health and collea gues came up with a list of 21 health fields they could evenly compare across the five countries— Australia, Canda, Britain, New Zealand and the United States.

“None of the five countries is consistently the best or the worst on all 21 indicators,” Anderson said during a telephone briefing for reporters.

“If you are looking for the place to get the best care, there isn’t a single place, Every country has at least one indicator where it scores the best of the five countries and each country has at least one indicator where it scores the worst of the five countries.”

But, he said, the United States is not getting value for money. “The United States should be particularly concerned about these results, given that we spend twice as much on health care as any oth er country. So spending more doesn’t necessarily result in better outcomes.”

Anderson’s group of international health experts sponsored by The Commonwealth Fund spent five years working on the study, getting the latest possible data from the five countries on areas such as breast cancer and leukemia survival, suicide rates, death rates from asthma, vaccination rates and cancer screening.

练习

1. The U.S spends twice as much on health care as other rich countries.

A. right

B. wrong

C. Not mentioned

2. The U.S is the place where people get the best health care.

A. right

B. wrong

C. Not mentioned

3. Each year, the U.S. spends more money on health care than the previous one.

A. right

B. wrong

C. Not mentioned

4. The more a country spends on health care, the better care its people enjoy.

A. right

B. wrong

C. Not mentioned

5. The study involved 5 countries and lasted 5 years.

A. right

B. wrong

C. Not mentioned

6. The other four countries provide better health care than the U.S.

A. right

B. wrong

C. Not mentioned

7. The U.S. is determined to do something about its health care system.

A. right

B. wrong

C. Not mentioned

第二篇Most Adults in U.S. Have Low Risk of Heart Disease

More than 80 percent of US adults have a less than 10-percent risk of developing heart disease in the next 10 years, according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent.

“I hope that these numbers will give physicians, researchers. health policy analysts, and others a better idea of how coronary heart disease is distributed in the US population.” lead author Dr. Earl S. Ford. from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, said in a statement.

The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects, between 20 and 79 years of age, who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994.

Overall, 82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent, 15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent, and 3 percent, and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent.

The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age, and me were more likely than women to be in this group. By contrast, race or ethnicity had little effect on risk distributions.

Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10 year risk of heart disease, a large proportion have a

6

high or immediate risk, Dr. Daniel S. Berman, from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, and Dr. Nathan D. Wong, from the University of California at Irvine, note in a related editorial.

Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward, they add.

练习

1. The 10-year risk of heart disease is low for most US adults.

A. right

B. wrong

C. Not mentioned

2. Only 3 percent of US adults have a more than 10 percent 10 year risk of heart disease.

A. right

B. wrong

C. Not mentioned

3. More than 100 thousand people participated in the survey.

A. right

B. wrong

C. Not mentioned

4. There was a greater proportion of men than women in the survey.

A. right

B. wrong

C. Not mentioned

5. The distributions of the risk of heart disease are closely related to race.

A. right

B. wrong

C. Not mentioned

6. Elderly people have a higher risk of heart disease than younger people.

A. right

B. wrong

C. Not mentioned

7. The US government will take measures to reduce the overall population risk.

A. right

B. wrong

C. Not mentioned

第三篇Smoking

Since 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.

Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this filed to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed by most research workers in this filed to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.

Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.

Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.

练习

1. It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

2. Smoking reduces one’s life expectancy.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

3. Smoking may induce lung cancer.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

4. There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

5. Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

6. Nicotine is poisonous.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

7. Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safe.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

第四篇Some Sleep Drugs Do More Than Make You Sleep

The United States Food and Drug Administration1 has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders. It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.

Last Wednesday, the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerous effects. These

7

include the risk of life-threatening allergic reactions. They also include rare incidents of strange behavior. These include people cooking food, eating and even driving while asleep. The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.

Last year, a member of the United States Congress2 said he had a. sleep-driving incident. Patrick Kennedy, a representative from Rhode Island3, crashed his car into a security barrier near the building where lawmakers meet. The accident happened in the 'middle of the night and no one was hurt. Mr. Kennedy said he had earlier taken a sleep medicine. He said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug that could cause sleepiness.

The Food and Drug Administration did not say in its announcement how many cases of sleep-driving it had documented. However, the New York Times4 reported last year about people who said they had strange sleep events after taking the drug Ambien. Some reported sleep-driving and sleep-walking. Others said they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in their sleep. But they had no memory of carrying out the activities.

A Food and Drug Administration official says that these serious side effects of sleep disorder drugs appear to be rare. But, he also says there are probably more cases than are reported.3 He says the agency believes the risk of. such behaviors could be reduced if people take the drugs as directed and do not drink alcohol while taking the drugs. The Food and Drug Administration has advised drug companies to carry out studies to investigate the problem.

练习：

1. There are altogether 13 drugs treating sleep disorders in the United States.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

2. FDA considers it the-producers' duty to warn the users of sleeping pills about the serious side effects and to tell them how to use safely.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

3. An allergic reaction to sleeping pills may sometimes cause a user to die.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

4. A stomach sickness drug alone caused Patrick Kennedy to crash his car into a security barrier.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

5. FDA based its order upon a wide investigation of sleep-driving.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

6. Sleep-walking is also one of the serious side effects induced by taking sleeping pills.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

7. The appearance of one or another side effect after taking some sleeping pill is unavoidable.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

第五篇Dangers Await Babies with Altitude

Women who live in the world’s highest communities tend to give birth to under-weight babies, a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.

Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average. But it wasn’t clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished—many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.

To find out more, Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998. The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz. La Paz is the highest city in the would, at 3.65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruz is much lower, at 0.44 kilometers.

Sure enough, Giussani found that the average birth weight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and low-income families. Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz. “We were very surprised by this result,” says Giussani.

The results suggest tha t babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth. “This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child, “says Giussani.

His also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies. This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body.

Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life. People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood, for example. Low birth weight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.

练习:

1.According to the passage, one of the reasons why newborns in mountain communities are underweight is that their

mothers are underweight.

8

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

2. Giussani’s team members are all British researchers and professors f rom Cambridge University.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

3. Giussani did not expect to find that the weight of a baby had little to do with the financial conditions of the family he was born into.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

4. The weight of a newborn has to do with the supply of oxygen even when he was still in his mother’s womb.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

5. High-altitude babies have heads that are larger than their bodies.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

6. High-altitude babies have longer but thinner limbs than average.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

7. Guissani has arrived at the conclusion that babies in high-altitude regions are more likely to have heart trouble when they grow up.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

*第六篇Privacy Worry May Keep HIV Patients from Therapy

Patients infected with HIV are often concerned about the confidentiality of their HIV-positive status. In fact, some patients are so worried that they will actually give up treatment to prevent the release of this information, according to a report published in the August issue of AIDS Care.

Dr. Kathryn Whetten-Goldstein and colleagues from Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, studied the confidentiality issues of 15 HIV-infected patients from rural North Carolina locations. They were divided into groups designed to explore their attitudes toward, and experiences with, breaches in confidentiality.

“The fear of a breach in confidentiality is definitely affecting the care that HIV-infected patients re ceive,”

Whetten-Goldstein said. “Most studied patients had experienced or knew someone who had experienced a breach in confidentiality.”

“Two types of breaches occurred,” Whetten-Goldstein noted. “The first was a more obvious type of breach. One example was a nurse who told her child that her patient was HIV-positive out of concern that her child would play with the patient’s child.”

“The other type of breach was more subtle one that providers might not consider breaches,” Whettenp Goldstein explained. “This type of breach involves providers talking about a patient’s HIV status without the patient’s knowledge of the interaction.”

“The law allows the sharing of information between providers within the same institution, but patient’s consent much be obtaine d before providers at different institutions can share information,” she pointed out.

“Patients in the study wanted providers to tell them when they are going to share information with other providers and why it is being done,” Whetten-Goldstein said. “Th ey also felt that providers should be punished when a breach occurs.”

“However, because patients are often reluctant to seek legal action which may further expose their status, they felt that the system should regulate itself,” she added.

练习：

1.All patients in the study refuse to receive any treatment because of the possibility to expose their HIV status.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

2.Worry about breaches in confidentiality of the HIV status has nothing to do with the curative effects on patients.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

3.Medical workers of an institution cannot freely provide their HIV-patients’ information to those of other institutions.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

4.Whether a HIV-infected patient agre es to other (not his) medical workers’ sharing the information about his HIV status is one of the rights given by the constitution.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

5.Most patients in the study strongly object to breaches in the confidentiality of their HIV status.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

6.Quite a few patients will firmly defend their own right if such a breach occurs.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

7.Breaches in confidentiality are common in medical circles all over the world.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

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*第七篇Food and Cancer

Medical experts have suspected for many years that there is a strong link between what a person eats and cancer. They say a new study provides the first evidence that vitamins could reduce a person’s chance of developing cancer. A team of Chinese and American scientists did the study. They are from American National Cancer Institute and the Cancer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences in Beijing. The Journal of the National Cancer Institute published the results of the study. About thirty thousand people between the ages of 40 to 69 took part in the study. They were from the northern central Chinese area of Linxian. Most of them took vitamins and minerals every day for five years.

Linxian was chosen because the people there have an extremely high rate of cancer of stomach and esophagus. Researchers believe that fungus and molds in local foods may be partly responsible for the high cancer rate. Researchers divided those into eight groups. Seven of the groups received different mixtures of vitamins and minerals daily. The amounts of the vitamins and minerals were 1 to 2 times greater than what American health officials say is needed. The eighth group received sugar pills that had no effect. Those who seemed to gain the most received a mixture of a form of vitamin A called β-carotene, vitamin E and the mineral selenium. The vitamin and mineral are believed to prevent damage to cells caused by cancer-causing substances. Researchers reported a 13 percent drop in cancer rates in those who took β-carotene, vitamin E and selenium. They also found a 10 percent drop in the number of deaths caused by strokes from bursting blood vessels.

Scientists warn that it is too soon to know if the effect would be the same among people in other countries. They note that the people in Linxian eat foods that lack necessary vitamins and minerals. Chinese officials will continue to record the health records of the people in Linxian for many years. For now officials reportedly are considering using the results of the study. They want to find a way to improve the health of people in Linxian and other small towns in China.

练习：

1. The results of the new study are unexpected.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

2. Among the scientists that did the study, there are more Chinese than Americans.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

3. The study lasted for about five years.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

4. The rate of cancer of stomach and esophagus in Linxian is the highest in China.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

5. Fungus and molds in local foods may be partly responsible for the high cancer rate in Linxian.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

6. All those people who took part in the study received vitamins and minerals.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

7. The results of the study are of great significance to people everywhere.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

*第八篇Stomach Ulcer

Stomach ulcers are the cause of severe pain for many people. Doctors have been able to help lessen the pain of ulcers. They could not cure them. Now doctors have discovered a cause of ulcers. This means they may have found a way to cure people who suffer from the stomach pain. Studies show that ten percent of the population will develop an ulcer at some time in their life. So a possible cure is good news for many people.

Ulcers are wounds in the stomach that are similar to small cuts or tears. These wounds can harm the tissue in the stomach, the pipe that carries the food to the stomach or parts of the small intestines. Fluids in the stomach then increase the pain of an ulcer. How does a person know he or she has an ulcer? Doctors say most people with ulcers feel a burning pain in their chest or stomach. This pain often is called heart-burn. It usually happens before eating or during the night. It causes some people to lose their desire to eat, or they are unable to keep food in their stomachs. Doctors believed that ulcers were caused by unusually strong stomach fluids, which damaged stomach tissue. Now they have discovered that most ulcers are caused by a bacterial organism called Hillico Bactor Pilorie or H Pilorie. H Pilorie bacteria are what make stomach produce extra stomach fluid. Doctors found that they can kill the bacteria with medicines called antibiotics. Health experts say the discovery of a cure for ulcers can save thousands of millions of dollars in medical costs. They also believe curing ulcers will reduce the number of people who develop stomach cancer. The number of people with stomach cancer is very high in Japan, Southeast Asia and parts of Africa.

Doctors say a person is more likely to get an ulcer if someone in his or her family has had one. In fact a person with

the family history of ulcers is three times more likely to get one than other people. There are ways people can protect themselves from developing an ulcer. Doctors say it is more important to reduce the amount of strong fluids in the

10

stomach. To do this, doctors say, people should not smoke cigarettes or drink alcohol. And they say people should reduce tension in their lives.

练习

1. In the past, doctors couldn’t do anything about stomach ulcers.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

2. Now doctors can successfully cure stomach ulcers.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

3. Some people are likely to suffer from the stomach pain at some time in their life.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

4. Doctors have discovered a cause of ulcers after many years of experiments.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

5. There has been a change in doctors’ understanding of the cause of stomach ulcers.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

6. Stomach ulcer can lead to stomach cancer.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

7. People who eat a lot of spicy food are also susceptible to stomach ulcers.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

*第九篇Continuing Medical Education

There is increasing recognition of the need for health workers to continue their education throughout their careers. Not only do health workers themselves wish to improve their own skills and competence, but the introduction of new techniques and equipment and the changes taking place in health needs and health care policies necessitate continued training. The phrase “health care” is intended to mean not just curative treatment for the sic k but the whole range of provision for promoting health and preventing disease.

In virtually every situation some response to this need has been made, so continuing education does take place—even though it may in many instances be ineffective or insufficient. Continuing education may be initiated by the health workers themselves, by their supervisors, by the managers of the health system, or by other agencies such as professional associations, publishers, and drug companies. The form of the continuing education may be written materials (journals, books, and advertisements), meetings, courses, supervisory visits, or a variety of other methods.

With this diversity of approach it is not surprising that the effectiveness of the continuing education should be variable. So it is natural that in many countries there is concern that more continuing education should be provided and that it should be more effective.

The approach suggested that to achieve this aim is to develop a “system” of continuing education. Thi s term needs some explanation as it is capable of being interpreted in many ways. A system is not the same thing as an organization that provides continuing education. It is much more than that. It is the sum of the educational activities, the organizational structure that supports and manages those activities, the management, and the external agencies involved in the provision of health care. The system should comprise a nationwide coordinated program in which technology and resources are optimally used.

练习

1. Health workers themselves are aware of the importance of continued training.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

2. Health needs and health care policies always remain constant.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

3. The phrase “health care” means more than curative treatment for the sick.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

4. Continuing medical education is particularly ineffective in developing countries.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

5. Written materials constitute the best form of continuing medical education.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

6. More effective continuing medical education is called for in many countries.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

7. A “system” of continuing educati on functions in the same way as an organization that provides continuing education.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

*第十篇Red Meat Links to Higher Risk of Breast Cancer

Exercise and keeping a healthy weight are two things that doctors say might help women lower their risk of breast

11

cancer.

Mothers may reduce their risk if they breastfeed for at least four months. For older women, hormone replacement therapy2 can lower the risk of some other diseases. But it has been found to increase the risk of breast cancer. So women should consider their choices carefully. The same may be said for diet.

New findings show that younger women who eat a tot of red meat have higher rates of breast cancers called hormone-receptor positive3. The growth is fed by the levels of estrogen or another hormone, progesterone, in the body.

Researchers at Brigham Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, reported the findings as part of a health study of nurses. The researchers followed the health of more than 90,000 women from 1991 to 2003. Those who ate the most red meat ate more than one and one-half servings a day. A serving was defined as roughly 84 grams. Those who ate the least red meat ate less than three servings a week. This is what the study found about breast cancers that were hormone receptor-positive: The women who ate the most red meat were almost two times as likely to get them as the women who ate the least of it.

Eunyoung Cho, the lead author of the report, says more research is needed to know the reason for the link. But in the past, researchers have suggested that three things may play a part. One is the way meat is cooked or processed. Another is the use of growth hormones in cows. And the third is the kind of iron in red meat. The study appears in.the Archives of Internal Medicine.

And now we have more to tell you about our subject -- resveratrol. We discussed a study in the United States that found that large amounts of this plant compound helped fat mice live longer. The mice were fed much more resveratrol than people could get from red wine, one of the foods that contains it.

Now, scientists in France say resveratrol also improves muscle performance -- again, at least in mice. They were able

to run two times as far in laboratory treadmill tests4 as mice normally could. The study at the Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology5 appeared in the journal Cell.

练习：

1. Breastfeeding helps women prevent the development of breast cancer to a certain degree.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

2. Estrogen may contribute to the development of breast cancer as much as hormone replacement therapy.

A Right

B Wrong.

C Not mentioned

3. The amount of red meat a woman eats is directly proportional to the probability of breast cancer.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

4. The way red meat is prepared has much to do with the probability of breast cancer.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

5. Any kind of iron in the food is a contributor to the development of breast cancer.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

6. Resveratrol is the fourth factor recently found that causes a breast cancer to develop.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

7. Any kind of wine contains resveratrol.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

+第十一篇Disease, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention

Disease may be defined as the abnormal state in which part or all of the body is not properly adjusted or is not capable of carrying on all its required functions. There are marked variations in the extent of the disease and in its effect on the person.

In order to treat a disease, the doctor obviously must first determine the nature of the illness –that is, make a diagnosis. A diagnosis is the conclusion drawn from a number of facts put together. The doctor must know the symptoms, which are the changes in body function felt by the patient; and the signs (also called objective symptoms) which the doctor himself can observe. Sometimes a characteristic group of signs (or symptoms) accompanied a given disease. Such a group

is called syndrome. Frequently certain laboratory tests are performed and the results evaluated by the physician in making his diagnosis.

Although nurse do not diagnose, they play an extremely valuable role in this process by observing closely for signs, encouraging the patient to talk about himself and his symptoms, and then reporting this information to the doctor. Once the patient’s disorder is known, the doctor prescribes a course of treatment, also referred to as therapy. Many measures in this course of treatment are carried out by the nurse under the physician’s orders.

In recent years physicians, nurses and other health workers have taken on increasing responsibilities in prevention. Throughout most of medical history, the physician’s aim has been to cure a patient of an existing disease. However, the modern concept of prevention seeks to stop disease before it actually happens—to keep people well through the

12

promotion of health. A vast number of organizations exist for this purpose, ranging from the World health Organization (WHO) on an international level down to local private and community health programs. A rapidly growing responsibility of the nursing profession is education individual patients toward the maintenance of total health—physical and mental.

练习：

1.By disease is meant the condition in which one or more parts of the body fail to function properly.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

2.A syndrome refers to a complex of signs and/or symptoms typical of a specific disease.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

3.The diagnostic aids are indispensable in any case for a physician to diagnose a disease.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

4.Because nurses can observe patients closely, they have the authority to deal with any critical condition happening to patients.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

5.Modern medicine attaches much more importance to disease prevention than traditional medicine.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

6.An effective system of disease prevention and treatment has been established in every country all over the would.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

7.Generally speaking, the physician is more willing to treat patients’ physical disease than their mental illness.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

+第十二篇First Self-contained Heart Implanted

A patient on the brink of death has received the world’s first self-contained artificial heart—a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires, tubes or hoses sticking out of the chest.

Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a sever-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday. The hospital said the patient was “awake and responsive” Tuesday and resting comfortably. It refused to release personal details.

The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation, and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person’s life by only a month. But the device is considered a major step towar d improving the patient’s quality of life.

The new pump, called AbioCor, is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s, which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body. The most famous of those, the Jarvic-7, used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing machine.

“I think it’s potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,” said Dr. David Faxon, president of the American heart Association. However, he said the dream of an implantable, permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality: “This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated.” Only about half of the

4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year, and most of the rest died.

Some doctors, including Robert Higgins, chairman of cardiology at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond, said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hears.

“A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,” he said. “It’s going to be hard to replace that with a machine.”

The AbilCor has a 2-pound pumping unit, and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based on the body’s needs. It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current through the skin.

练习：

1.The pump of the first implanted self-contained heart was made of titanium and plastic.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

2.The patient’s life was expected to last several years longer by implanting the artificial heart.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

3.There is no difference in structure between the self-contained heart and the mechanical heart.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

4.The American Heart Association recommended widely using the self-contained heart.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

5.Dr. David Faxon believed that the implantable, permanent artificial heart will certainly be developed in the future.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

6.Approximately two thousand one hundred patients received heart implantation in America last year.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

13

7.Some doctors doubt the possibility of doctor hearts being replaced by artificial ones.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

+第十三篇Bill Gates: Unleashing Your Creativity

I've always been an optimist and I suppose that is rooted in1 my belief that the power of creativity and intelligence can make the world a better place.

For as long as I can remember, I've loved learning new things and solving problems. So when I sat down at a computer for the first time in seventh grade, I was hooked. It was a clunky old Teletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today.2 But it changed my life.

When my friend Paul Allen and I started Microsoft 30 years ago, we had a vision of "a computer on every desk and in every home," which probably sounded a little too optimistic at a time when most computers were the size of refrigerators. But we believed that personal computers would change the world. And they have.

And after 30 years, I'm still as inspired by computers as I was back in seventh grade.

I believe that computers are the most incredible tool we can use to feed our curiosity and inventiveness- to help us solve problems that even the smartest people couldn't solve on their own.

Computers have transformed how we learn, giving kids everywhere a window into all of the world's knowledge.

They're helping us build Communities around the things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important to us, no matter where they are.3

Like my friend Warren Buffett, I feel particularly lucky to do something every day that I love to do, He calls it

"tap-dancing to work"4. My job at Microsoft is as challenging as ever, but what makes me "tap-dance to work" is when we show people something new, like a computer that can recognize your handwriting or your speech, or one that can store a lifetime's worth of photos, and they say, "I didn't know you could do that with a PC5!"

But for all the cool things that a person can do with a PC, there are lots of other ways we can put our creativity and intelligence to work to improve our world6. There are still far too many people in the world whose most basic needs go unmet7. Every year, for example, millions of people die from diseases that are easy to prevent or treat in the developed world.

I believe that my own good fortune brings with it a responsibility to give back to the world. My wife, Melinda, and I have committed to8 improving health and education in a way that can help as many people as possible.

As a father, I believe that the death of a child in Africa is no less poignant or tragic than9 the death of a child anywhere else, and that it doesn't take much to make an immense difference in these children's lives10.

I'm still very much an optimist, and I believe that progress on even the world's toughest problems is possible — and

it's happening every, day. We're seeing new drugs for deadly diseases, new diagnostic tools, and new attention paid to the health problems in the developing world.

I'm excited by the possibilities I see for medicine, for education and, of course, for technology. And I believe that through our natural inventiveness, creativity and willingness to solve tough problems, we're going to make some amazing achievements in all these areas in my lifetime.

练习：

1. A computer was as big as an icebox when Bill Gates was a high school student.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

2. Bill Gates has been dreaming of the popularity of computers for his lifetime.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

3. Bill Gates compares his hard work on a PC to "tap-dancing to work".

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

4. To Bill Gates' mind, there is a big difference between the death of the poor's children and the death of the rich's children.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

5. So far Bill Gates has contributed several dozen billion dollars to the charities.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

6. Bill Gates and his wife consider it their duty to help the poor better their health and education as much as possible.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

7. Bill Gates will leave only a Small portion of his wealth for his children.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

+第十四篇Center Launched to Fight Diseases

A national disease prevention and control center has just been established to enhance efforts to fight diseases. The center will focus on conducting investigations, research and supervision of various diseases, and public health problems,

14

and suggesting corresponding prevention and control measures, officials of the Ministry of Health said Wednesday. The center will also provide a scientific basis for the ministry to make health policies, laws and regulations.

China’s present epidemic and disease prevention system has lagged behind the development of various diseases and public health problems brought by industrialization and aging of the population, the officials said.

The ministry has several separate disease prevention and control centers, such as the National Center for AIDS Prevention and Control, but it is hard for them to pool efforts and to cover all fields. Many difficulties in improving the country’s health were a result of the shortage of advanced technolo gy in preventive medicine adequate epidemic supervision and effective health education.

Now, AIDS, TB and other infectious diseases pose serious threats to public heath, while more and more people continue to die from non-infectious diseases. Experts estimate that China now has 600,000 HIV/AIDS victims, and the number is increasing by 30 per cent annually. However, there is still no effective prevention and control system to fight the deadly disease.

Meanwhile, people lack knowledge of the cause, spread and development of epidemic, vermin-caused, occupational diseases and many other non-infectious diseases. This makes control work more difficult. Official figures show that 90 per cent of total deaths are caused by chronic and non-infectious diseases, such as tumors and blood diseases of the heart and brain.

At the same time, China is becoming an “aging society”, which 10 per cent of its population over 60. This will also bring many public health problems which will need effective supervision and study.

The establishment of the center is expected to play a leading role in disease supervision, the officials said. The center will also cover the hygienic supervision of food, workplaces, schools and other public places. Prevention and control programs against various diseases will be created by the center, which also will be in charge of evaluating the development of the programs. All nations’ vaccination programs will be done by the center and its branches, and all the biological products for prevention will be under the control and management of the center. More health education and improvement work will be done by the center in field of diseases prevention.

练习：

1. The main task of the center is to draw up documents in health policies, laws and regulations for the Ministry of Health.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

2. According to the passage, the National Center for AIDS Prevention and Control has been attached to the center.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

3. Lack of sophisticated techniques prevention and control to a large extent affects the improvement of the people’s health.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

4. According to an estimation, the number of HIV/AIDS sufferers is increasing by nearly a third every year.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

5. The death rate of patients with infectious disease is declining year after year.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

6. Nowadays there are about 130 million people aged more than sixty in China.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

7. By the time the report was published, the center had worked out a set of practicable disease prevention and control programs.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

+第十五篇Beyond the Pap

Scientists have known for some time that virtually all cases of cervical cancer are triggered by a family of viruses called human papillomavirus, or HPV. Most women who become ineffected with HPV are able to shake off the virus and suffer no apparent long-term consequences to their health. But a few women develop a persistent infection that can, for reasons that are not entirely clear, eventually lead to cancerous changes in the cervix.

Now researchers at the Digene Corp of Beltsville, Maryland, have developed a test that detects an active HPV infection by looking for its genetic byproducts in the vagina. The HPV test was better than the standard Pap test at finding cervical cancer at any stage, according to two studies published this month in the Journal of the American Medical Association. So far, so good. Unfortunately, the test's false-positive rate—how often it indicated that there was a problem when none existed was almost twice as high as that for the Pap smear. In these cases, a biopsy of the woman’s cervix showed no sign of disease.

And that’s the crux of the problem. How many women should undergo what is, when it comes right down to it, unnecessary treatment to find a few more cases of cervical cancer? Shouldn’t health officials focus instead on making sure

15

that more women undergo regular Pap-smear examinations? After all, Pap smears, though far from perfect, have helped dramatically lower the death toll from cervical cancer taking it from the No. 1 cause of death due to cancer in American women to the 10th.

Complicating matters is the fact that HPV is a very common infection. In some parts of the U.S. as many as half of all women under age 35 have an active case. Yet 99 out of 100 women who are HPV-positive will never get cervical cancer, estimates Dr. Joanna Cain, vice president of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. “If those 99 women live their lives as if they’re going to develop cancer”, she says, “we’re not necessarily doing them any good.”

At present, the HPV test is approved in the U. S. only to help resolve ambiguous results from a Pap-Smear test. Many gynecologists believe that HPV will eventually replace the pap. But they’re not willing to abandon it without a lot more detailed information and neither should you.

练习：

1. The cause of cervical cancer was discovered by American scientists some time ago.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

2. Only a few cases of HPV infection will lead to cancerous changes in the cervix.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

3. The HPV test was better than the standard Pap test in every aspect.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

4. Pap smears have contributed to the promotion of health of many women.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

5. Cervical cancer used to be the No. 1 killer cancer to women in America.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

6. Dr. Cain is against alarming the majority of women who, though HPV-positive, are unlikely to develop cervical cancer.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

7. The author also believes that HPV will eventually replace the Pap.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

16

第三部分概括大意和完成句子

阅读下面的短文，每篇短文后有两项测试任务（1）第1～4题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定的四段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第5～8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

第一篇US Signs Global Tobacco Treaty

1、The United States has taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world. Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson signed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) this week at the United Nations. The Senate must still approve the treaty before the US can implement its provisions.

2、The FCTC was developed by the World Health Organization and approved by members of the World Health Assembly，including the United States，last year. Countries that ratify it would be required to enact strict tobacco control policies.

3、For instance, cigarettes sold in those countries would have to have health warnings on at least 30% of the front and back of every pack. The treaty calls for higher tobacco taxes, restrictions on smoking in public places, and more promotion of tobacco prevention and cessation programs. It also requires bans on tobacco advertising, though there are some exceptions for countries like the United States, where the Constitution prohibits such an outright ban.

4、The impact of the treaty could be huge. The World Health Organization estimates that tobacco use kills nearly 5 million people worldwide every year. In the US alone, about 440,000 people die each year from tobacco-related illnesses; about one-third of all cancers in the US are caused by tobacco use. If current trends continue, WHO estimates, by 2025 tobacco will kill 10 million people each year.

5、The treaty must be ratified by at least 40 countries before it can take effect. So far，109 countries have signed it, and 12 have ratified it.

练习：

1. Paragraph 2___B___

2. Paragraph 3___D___

3. Paragraph 4___A__

4. Paragraph 5__E___

A.What the FCTC Demands

d0b6151d55270722192ef7bb Signing of the FCTC

C.Opposition to the FCTC

D.How the FCTC Came into Being

E. What the FCTC Will Bring about

F. Ratification of the FCTC

5.Signing the FCTC is only the first step toward_____B_____.

6.Countries that ratify the FCTC will have to, among other things, _____D_____.

7.It is hoped that the FCTC will greatly help to reduce deaths_____E_____.

8.Much more countries have signed the FCTC than those that_____A_____.

A.have ratified it

B.approving it

C.implement its provisions

D.restrict smoking in public places

E. caused by tobacco use

F. including higher tobacco taxes

第二篇Napping to a Healthier Heart?

1. Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if at person with heart disease is likely to stiffer a heart attack2 The test measures levels of a protein in the blood. The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack, heart failure3 or stroke.

2. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team. For about four years, they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease. The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called

NT-proBNP4. Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have

a heart attack, heart failure or stroke.

3. The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under

17

pressure in some way. The study involved mostly men, so the researchers could not say for sure5 that the results are also true for women.. They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.

4. Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart patient should affect that person’s treatment. They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment6 could reduce the patient’s chance of

a heart attack or stroke. The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association7.

5. Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack? An unrelated study earlier this month

in the Archives of Internal Medicine8 suggests that the answer may be yes. In countries like the United States, afternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries. And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease. So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part. Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens9. Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps.

6. The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress. They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men. But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.

1. Paragraph 2___F___.

2. Paragraph 3___B___.

3. Paragraph 5___D___.

4. Paragraph 6___A___.

第1--4题选项

A Effects of Napping in Females Still Uncertain

B Older Males Have Higher Levels of NT-proBNP

C Development of a Simple but Important Test

D Evidence of Positive Relationship Between Nap-ping and Heart Disease

E How to Control the Levels of NT-proBNP

F Effects of NT-proBNP on Heart Disease

第5--8题选项

5. According to some researchers, by measuring the levels of NT-proBNP in the blood people may know___B___.

6. If a person has a high level of NT-proBNP___E___.

7. People who take regular afternoon naps___C___.

8. So far there have not been definite data to confirm___F___.

A where fewer people die from heart problem.

B whether they have the risk of heart attack, heart failure or stroke.

C would probably have lower rates of heart disease.

D how to test a persons NT-proBNP level in the blood by himself.

E his heart muscle would be under pressure in some way.

F that napping is of great benefit to women too.

第三篇Many Benefits from Cancer Organization

1. Do you know a child who survived leukemia? Do you have a mother, sister or aunt whose breast cancer was found early thanks to a mammogram? Do you have a friend or coworker who quit smoking to reduce their risk of lung cancer? Each of these individuals benefited from the American Cancer Society’s research program.

2. Each day scientists supported by the American Cancer Society work to find breakthroughs that will take us one step closer to a cure. The American Cancer Society has long recognized that research holds the ultimate answers to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

3. As the largest source of nonprofit cancer research funds in the United States, the American Cancer Society devotes over $100 million each year to research. Since 1946. they’ve invested more than$2.4 billion in research. The investment has

paid rich dividends: In 1946, only one in four cancer patients was alive five years after diagnosis; today 60 percent live longer than five years.

4. Investigators and health professionals in universities, research institutes and hospitals throughout the country receive grants from the American Cancer Society. Of the more than 1,300 new applications received each year, only 11 percent can be funded. If the American Cancer Society had more money available for research funding, nearly 200 more applications considered outstanding could be funded each year.

5. You can help fund more of these applications by participating in the American Cancer Society Relay for Life, a team event

18

to fight cancer. More funding means more cancer breakthroughs and more lives being saved. To learn more, call Donna Hood, chair with the Neosho Relay for Life of the American Cancer Society at 451-4880.

1.Paragraph 2 C

2.Paragraph 3 E

3.Paragraph 4 A

4.Paragraph 5 F

A. What Could Be Done with More Money

B. Establishment of the American Cancer Society

C. Significance of Funded Research

D. Other Sources of Funding for Cancer Research

E. Benefits Achieved Through for Cancer Research

F. How You Can Offer Help

5.The American Cancer Society’s research program has benefited B .

6.The survival period for 60% of cancer patients today is D .

7.Many outstanding applications are turned down each year for A .

8.More cancer breakthroughs can be made with F .

A. lack of funding

B. many cancer patients

C. more lives being saved

D. more than five years

E. the ultimate answers

F. more funding

第四篇The Paper Chase

1.“Running a house is lot like running a business.” says Stephanie Denton, a professional organizer based in Cincinnati, Ohio, who specializes in both residential and commercial paperwork and record keeping. To get a successful grip on organizing documents, bills, and other materials, Denton suggests the following tips:

2.Create a space in which you can always do your paperwork. This is perhaps the most important element of a successful system. If you can’t devote an entire desk to the task, at least invest in a rolling file cart to store active paperwork and a

two-drawer file cabinet for family records. Store the rolling file cart wherever it is most convenient and comfortable to do your work. whether that is the kitchen, office, or family room.

3.When in doubt, throw it out, the first step to implementing a workable filling system is to eliminate paper you don’t use, don’t need, or that you could easily access again elsewhere. Throw out duplicate statements, old catalogs, and all of the coupons, mailings, or offerings you’ll never have an opportunity to use or even read.

4.Set aside two days a month to pay bills. if a monthly due date doesn’t fit into your cycle, call up the creditor and sugges t

a more convenient date, Keep two manila folders at the front of your system for current bills— one to correspond with each bill-paying day—and file all incoming bills. Keep a list in the front of each folder of what needs to be paid in case the invoice never arrives or gets misplaces.

5.Think of your filling system not as a rigid tool, but as a living, breathing system that can accommodate your changing needs. A good filling system is both mentally and physically flexible, Everyone’s needs are different, says Denton, but when devising a filling system, ask yourself: “Where would I look for this?” Create main headings for your filling system, such as

In vestments, Taxes, Children, and so forth, and file individual folders under the main headings. Never overstuff your files.

练习

1.Paragraph 2 A

2.Paragraph 3 E

3.Paragraph 4 F

4.Paragraph 5 C

A. Find a Place to Work on

B. Implementing a Workable Filing System

C. What Is a Good Filing System

D. How to Invest in a Rolling File Cart

E. Get Rid of Unimportant Things

F. Dealing With Bills5. Stephanie Denton is expert B .

6. You can put your file cart anywhere you like, on condition C .

7. Coupons should be thrown away because A .

19

8. “Mentally flexible” indicates t he fact D .

A. they are useless

B. in paper chase

C. that it is easily reached

D. that different people have different requirements

E. they are not comfortable

F. in investing in coupons

第五篇China Seeks Donors to Narrow Bone Marrow Gap

1.China has launched a campaign to recruit more bone marrow donors, amid a shortage of funds as well as of sibling

donors who could help the growing number of patients in need of life-saving transplants, state media reported on Monday.

2.The Chinese Red Cross began the national campaign over the weekend to find donors for some 4 million patients

suffering from leukaemia, thalassaemia and other blood diseases and other blood diseases and awaiting bone marrow transplants, the official China Daily said. Every year China has 40,000 new leukaemia patients, most of them under 35 and 50 per cent of them children, the newspaper said. Other reports have linked China’s growing childhood leukaemia to solvents and building materials used in interior decoration.

3.With a tiny pool of bone marrow donors, weakened by the absence of sibling donors for most children because of

China’s one-child policy, doctors rely on donors from Taiwan to save many young leukaemia patients, the Beijing Evening News said last weekend. Taiwan, with a population of 22 million, has 210,000 registered doors compared with fewer than 30,000 donors among mainland China’s 1.3 billion people, the newspaper said.

4.Yet the lack of registered donors may reflect a lack of funding for testing and recording data on potential donors rather

than a lack of volunteers, the newspaper said. China needs a pool of at least 100,000 donors but testing them would cost more than 50 million yuan (6 million dollars), it said.

5.The Hong Kong Marrow Match Foundation said it has helped “a handful” of patients in Beijing, Shanghai and other

cities. “The number of requests is increasing” from mainland China, including direct calls to the charity from desperate patients or relatives, said the foundation’s donor coordinator Marven Chin. But the cost of extracting bone marrow from one of the foundation’s 40,000 registered donors and flying it by courier has to be borne by the patients, and many of them have to be aided financially, Chin said.

练习：

1.Paragraph 2 __D___

2.Paragraph 3 __B___

3.Paragraph 4 __E___

4.Paragraph 5 __A___

A. Urgent Need for Both Donors and Funds

B. Shortage of Donors

C. Desperate Leukaemia Patients

D. Seriousness of the Current Situation

E. Shortage of Founds

F. Comparison Between Mainland and Hong Kong and Taiwan

5.It seems that many of the recipients are not rich enough __F___.

6.At present the number of bone marrow donors in mainland China is __D___.

7.Some solvents and building materials are considered ___B__.

8.Obviously, recruiting voluntary bone marrow donors in mainland China is__C__.

A. about one percent of the total population

B. to be responsible for childhood leuckaemia

C. an urgent and tough take to be accomplished

D. less than one third of the minimum

E. an expensive cost to be paid

F. to afford the cost of bone marrow transplantation

*第六篇Pregnant Women Warned About ACE Inhibitor

1.Some of the most commonly used medicines for high blood pressure are drugs called ACE inhibitors. Doctors have given these drugs to patients for twenty-five years. A government study in the United States found that the use almost doubled between 1995 and 2000.

2.Doctors have known for years that women should not take ACE inhibitors during the last six months of pregnancy.

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The medicine can injure the baby. ACE inhibitors, though, have been considered safe when taken during the first three months. But a new study has found that women who take these drugs early in their pregnancy still increase the risk of

birth disorders2. The study shows that, compared to others, their babies were almost three times as likely to be born with major problems.3 These included problems with the formation of the brain and nervous system and holes in the heart.

3.The researchers say they found no increased risk in women who took other blood pressure medicines during the

first three months. Researchers at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and Boston University did the study. The New England Journal of Medicine4 published the results. The researchers Studied the records of almost thirty thousand births between 1985 and 2000. Two hundred nine babies were born to women who took ACE inhibitors during the first three months of their pregnancies. Eighteen of the babies, or almost nine percent, had major disorders.

4.ACE inhibitors are often given to patients with diabetes. But diabetes during pregnancy can result in birth defects

5. So the study did not include any Women known to be diabetic. ACE inhibitors suppress a protein called

angiotensin-converting enzyme, or ACE. This enzyme produces a chemical in the body that makes blood passages narrow. The drugs increase the flow of blood so pressure is reduced.

5.New drugs are tested on pregnant animals to see if they might cause birth defects in humans. But experts say these tests are not always dependable. The United States Food and Drug Administration6 helped pay for the study. The F. D. A. says women who might become

练习：

1. Paragraph 2____D_____

2. Paragraph 3____F_____

3. Paragraph 4____A_____

4. Paragraph 5____C_____

A Effects of ACE and ACE Inhibitors

B Wide Use of ACE Inhibitors

C How to Deal with High Blood Pressure in Pregnant Women

D Damage to Pregnant Women's Future Babies

E Suggestions on Stopping the Use of ACE Inhibitors

F Relative safety for Women During the First Three Months of Pregnancies

5. FDA suggests that pregnant women with high blood pressure should consult _ D _.

6. ACE inhibitors are not recommended__B __.

7. Evidence showed only a small percentage of babies suffered major disorders ____F____.

8. ACE is a risk factor to our body__ A _.

A that may cause our blood vessels to become more and more narrow

B for pregnant women to take during their last six months of pregnancies

C that their likelihood to suffer major problems is two times higher than other babies

D with their doctors about how to treat their problems

E because diabetes during pregnancy may sometimes lead to birth defects

F though their mothers took ACE inhibitors during their first three months of pregnancies

*第七篇Screen Test

1.Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough,

the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50.

2.But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a

small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser.

3.Researchers at the Polytechnic University1 of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at

11 local clinics. After estimating the women’s cumulative d ose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the

number of extra cancers this would cause.

4.The mathematical model recommended by Britain’s National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the

screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers.

5.The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant” comp ared to the far larger

number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.

6.But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80

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