新世纪研究生公共英语教材A 课后答案 有原文

Unit 1

meek cordial ambitious apprentice permanence gallant intrusion exalt partial discharge obscurity assemble 1. When you are asked to fill out an application form, you are often required to write down your permanent address. 2. All the employees had assembled in the hall before the meeting started. 3. The porters are busy discharging the cargo form the ship onto the dock. 4. Jack spoke to his boss meekly because he was late again for the work. 5. He worked as a(n) apprentice until he became skillful. 6. A teacher should not show partiality to one particular student.

7. The politician made a speech full of obscure political jokes and many people fell asleep during his speech. 8. Mary has been exalted to the position of personnel manager due to her hard work. 9. You look quite busy now. I hope I am not intruding.

10. The delegation was cordially welcomed by the local government.

11. Ben told his mother that his ambition was to become an astronaut in the future.

12. The captured solider faced up gallantly to the Nazi enemy and said that he would never betray his motherland. Unit 2

guru venture advocate shun stave off vulnerable dispel attendant enthusiast potential acclaim extravagant 1. The British government publicly advocated a policy of non-cooperation with European fishing fleets. 2. Elizabeth is very extravagant. She goes to restaurants and gets taxis even though she can’t really afford it. 3. Ground floor windows are particularly vulnerable and secure locks should be fitted. 4. It soon became apparent that Colin was the guru of the whole department. 5. She may not be a great violinist yet but she has potential.

6. The Central Bank attempted to dispel rumors of a possible financial crisis.

7. When the truth emerged about her husband being in prison, the neighbors shunned her and talked about her behind her back. 8. Her work on finding a cure for cancer has been widely acclaimed by her colleagues in the medical profession. 9. Real enthusiasts are willing to pay up to $12,000 for an original copy of this book. 10. For 12 years, we’ve sought to stave off this ultimate threat of disaster. 11. We have all the problems attendant upon starting a new business. 12. I ventured to suggest that he might have made a mistake. Unit 3

drought loose graze spine sink rainfall flower venture pore trap fertile clear 1. Slowly the flood waters sank and life got back to normal.

2. Desert nights are often cold because clear skies allow heat to escape into the atmosphere. 3. This is half the average monthly rainfall of London’s Kew Gardens. 4. A drought is a long period of time during which no rain falls.

5. Flowering shrubs, trees, or plants are those which are planted mainly for the decorative quality of the flowers that they produce. 6. There were some loose wires hanging out of the wall.

7. The small holes on the surface of plants or in the skin of people and animals are called pores. 8. We used to graze sheep on the fields where the corn is grown.

9. Your spine is the row of bones down your back that supports your body and that has your spinal cord inside it. 10. Fire officers had to use cutting equipment to free his legs, which were trapped under a steel beam. 11. I might actually venture into advertising if I had enough money. 12. The valleys are so fertile that three crops a year can grow. Unit 4

restore muscle pathological psychological physical diverse refreshment symptom vigor accumulate anxious precipitate 1. Physical fatigue is the result of heavy manual labor and exhausting work.

2. The accumulation of metabolic waste products in your blood is the result of overworking your muscles.

3. There is a great diversity of exercise you can do to deal with fatigue.

4. Psychological tiredness is usually precipitated by emotional problems and conflicts. 5. His body is muscular because of his hard physical work. 6. Some fatigue has pathological causes.

7. Prolonged fatigue might be symptomatic of an underlying disease like cancer or diabetes. 8. After that vigorous exercise he experienced a pleasant tiredness. 9. She is psychologically a very healthy person. 10. Anxiety can be a major cause of fatigue.

11. He feels completely restored to health after a period of intensive care. 12. Having had a good sleep and a substantial meal, he felt thoroughly refreshed. Unit 5

distinguish rigid tactile foundation recognize fruitful unique outlet uniform ascertain secure acquisition 1. Rural communities are usually more uniform in their child-rearing methods, while in the town there is more variety. 2. On a clear day we can distinguish the letters on the airliners as they take off. 3. The guard ascertained that there was nobody in the room.

4. The tune was recognized as the one in the musical The Fiddler on the Roof. 5. This stamp is unique; all others like it have been lost or destroyed.

6. Jack enjoys playing rock music, as playing rock music is a good outlet for his energy.

7. A child must be allowed to enjoy the tactile stage of discovery by playing with mud and sand and water. 8. Both drivers and pedestrians should be in rigid obedience to traffic regulations. 9. My son used to feel secure holding his old blanket.

10. Some language educators have written some books and papers on the relationship between first language acquisition and second language learning. 11. Learning together is a fruitful source of relationship between children and parents. 12. The foundation on which many ancient types of society were built was the use of slaves. Unit 6

well-informed plague reflect on enrich positive implement enroll academic versus aspiration as a matter of fact commitment to 1. As a matter of fact, I did not begin work until he had gone.

2. At this time of year university admission officers are plagued with inquires from anxious applicants. 3. The poem handles the problem of instinct versus intellect in man. 4. I have been reflecting on the likely consequences of their course of action. 5. It’s no use just telling me to do it; give me some positive advice as to how to do it. 6. The government is implementing its policy of helping the unemployed. 7. Most universities will enroll new students the first week in September. 8. American culture has been enriched by European immigrants.

9. His father never had a(n) aspiration for the job of managing director, and was very surprised when it was offered to him. 10. A good historian must have an academic mind. 11. The news came from a well-informed man.

12. He felt he did not have to make a commitment to the poorly dressed man. Unit 7

vital downsize accelerate criterion dynamic yield shirk jeopardize budget inflict guarantee priority 1. The company downsized its personnel in response to a poor economy. 2. Churchill provided dynamic and inspiring leadership when it was most needed. 3. We have calculated the probable yield from this investment at around 17%. 4. We were traveling through bandit country, but the king had guaranteed our safety. 5. They won’t let any foreign power inflict any further blows on their national pride. 6. The Finance Minister will open a new budget in April.

7. They insist that the right to live should take priority over all other considerations. 8. Ian drove up Park Boulevard and headed out of town, accelerating rapidly. 9. It is dishonorable to shirk military service.

10. These small and gradual physical changes are vitally important the child’s development. 11. Would such legislation jeopardize chances for a treaty?

12. When you go for a job interview, it’s important to find out what the panel’s criteria are. Unit 8

1. Lemon juice is quite acid. 2. I shaded my eyes from the glare of the sun.

3. If one or two trains run late, it has a knock-on effect on the entire rail service. 4. Drain the rice, making sure that it is quite dry before you return it to the pan. 5. These flowers generally grow on sloping river banks and near streams.

6. We’re spacing out our visits to the hospital so that Dad doesn’t have his visitors all at once. 7. A narrow band of grass separated the greenhouse from the vegetable garden. 8. We want a Christmas tree that won’t drop its needles all over the carpet. 9. Devices in the two chimneys would filter out radioactive dust from smoke released into the air. 10. Mountain climbers use oxygen when they reach higher altitudes.

11. The data was analyzed according to neighborhoods, but other key variables like credit ratings, savings and marital status were ignored altogether. 12. Reproduction is one of the essential properties of a living organism. Unit 9

1. The results of this research can be applied to new developments in the field. 2. He had hurts his parents, but he showed no sign of repentance on his face.

3. The heavy rain had penetrated right through her coat, so she caught a bad cold and had to stay at home. 4. The comedian acted in monkey-like imitation, which made all the audience laugh. 5. She had almost failed the exam, but her twin sister, by contrast, had done very well. 6. The manager impressed on his office staff the importance of keeping accurate records. 7. We are really grateful to you for your passionate support for our cause. 8. The English teacher’s funny story awakened the students’ interest and they began to listen more attentively to her. 9. The silence was succeeded by the striking of a clock.

10. The roses here have beautiful blossoms. That’s why so many young people have come to buy them.

11. On Christmas morning, children with expectant faces are eager to find out what presents are in their stockings. 12. His friends told him not to miss the opportunity as it might never come again. Unit 10

1. He is a rich man in his own right. 2. On your trip to Mexico you will be able to make good use of your knowledge of Spanish. 3. People are not ready for such dramatic actions. 4. A great cavalcade went forth from the town to meet the Governor. 5. All the children are looking forward to your visit with eagerness. 6. We figure out that we shall reach Chicago on Wednesday morning. 7. They announced to the assembled guests that they were engaged to be married. 8. His prospects for winning the elections were dissolving rapidly. 9. The toymen are aware that children’s furniture must withstand kicks and blows. 10. The point in controversy is not whether we should do it, but whether we can do it. 11. His inability to learn foreign language was an obstacle to his career. 12. The boys resemble each other in that they both have ginger hair and round faces.

Unit 1

1b One Day, 12 years ago, Joe Royds took a pony called Jupiter along to a 2d newly opened center for mentally handicapped children and, with his wife, Felicity, started to give the children rides. He thought that severely handicapped children 3c might derive some benefit from riding horses.

Today, more than 130 special schools 4a all over the country have “put their children up”, 5b as Joe, a retired businessman, terms it. Seventeen more schools 6a are likely to adopt horse-riding therapy 7d by next summer. Joe has even introduced horse therapy to South Africa, 8a where he delivered a paper on the subject to the psychology faculty of Witwatersrand University a few months ago. The 9b latest development is that the National Society for Mentally Handicapped Children’s Riding fund, of 10b which he is manager, is now having discussions with Plessey, the radio communications company, about the 11d best way of measuring and identifying the mechanism of horse therapy.

Joe believes that there may be an inexplicable rapport between horses an severely mentally handicapped children that 12b produces, in the child ,a well-attested increase 13d in his confidence and sociability, and in the horses a remarkable docility.

The most significant improvement in the child was in 14a speech. “There are 27 cases 15a that I know of, of children speaking 16c their first words ever from the saddle.”

He thinks there may be several ways in which horse therapy works. One is 17c that being up on a horse, the child senses a completely unprecedented psychological advantage. The children also appear 18d to show no to at fear and horses 19c respond immediately to fearless rider. 20b The better Bred the horse, the more effective the communication. Unit 2

Every week a van pulls 1c out of a looking-ordinary workshop in a run-down Nottingham back street carrying a varied 2b load —slides for playgroups, hand-made desks and leisure materials for handicapped children.

But though the commercial cost of having these made individually would 3d make it impossible for the customers to 4a afford them at all , the Beaver workshop’s main aim is much more than simply 5d to supply their needs at cost. The volunteers who spend a 60-day stint doing woodwork and journey are, 6c first and foremost, there to learn 7d how to apply for a job. This 8b unique workshop takes men who have been 9a out of work for an average of two years and for a variety of reasons. Most have struggled to get a job —any job — in an area of declining industry.

10c What they all have in common, according to Beaver manager John Lowe, a former civil engineer, is a lack of identity—the legacy of long-term unemployment. 11b No matter what Jobs they’ve done in the past, it’s 12b as though they had never been employed. They lose confidence 13c in themselves. “It’s easy for the rest of us to say someone should be able to go on and on looking for work but when 14c you have been turned down 15d time after time it reinforces your hopeless view of yourself.”

Most of the men who agree 16a to take part in the project have been recommended by probation officers or hostel managers and virtually all of them stick 17b it out. The first assessment of their success rate afterwards suggests that at 18c least 60%have got a job within months of leaving, 19a despite the fact that those with a prison record feel obliged 20c to tell their prospective employers. Unit 3

When Professor Quentin Bell, now 68, was a boy, he saw a vanishing lady. A conjuror 1c raised a woman covered with a white sheet high above his head. After 2b lying there 3d for a moment supported by his hands, she disappeared. Many years later, the image 4a still fascinates him — as we can see in his sculpture.

For Professor Bell is not only the biographer of his aunt, Virginia Woolf. He is an art historian, an academic and 5b all his life has been an artist, too. He learnt 6d to make pots in Staffordshire; he also studied sculpture at the Central School and painting in Paris. 7b.Until the 1950s he was a professional potter, but when university teaching began to take 8c up most of his time, he started to concentrate 9c on sculpture .Now that he 10a no longer teaches, he spends most of the day in his studio.

“Quentin is in his shed,” said his wife Oliver, when we 11a arrived at Cobbe Place, their old house near Lewes in Sussex. Quentin Bell, wearing jeans and smiling rather reticently, was at 12c work on a study for a large female figure destined for the University of Leeds, 13d where he was Professor of Fine Arts in the 1960s. She will be 14a another of his “levitating ladies”, who are designed to look 15c as though they are floating in space. 16c There is one in the garden who seems to lie 17a in mid-air above a flowerbed. She looks as if she’s 18d made of stone, yet she is only supported by her long hair. Bell enjoys 19a mystifying the locals. “20b How ever do you keep her up, Mr. Bell?” His secret is glass fiber. Unit 4

Pantomime, the traditional Christmas entertainment for children in Britain, he never, 1a as far as I know, become popular abroad, 2c although the comic techniques employed in it 3d owe a great deal to a clown of Italian origin, Joseph Grimaldi, 4c whose performances in the early nineteenth century made him the best-loved man in the British theatre. Unfortunately, pantomime is almost 5b as difficult to explain to anyone who has never seen it as the game of cricket. I

once spent half an hour talking about cricket to a foreigner. At last, he could not help 6b interrupting me. I had just said that the ball sometimes traveled 7c at 100 km an hour and 8c by this time he was sure I was making fun of him. He thought I had been talking about croquet.

Pantomime, then, is the theatrical representation of a fairy story, like Cinderella, but 9b its attraction lies in a number of stage conventions that have developed over the years. These conventions, 10d while they seem quite normal to children who are used to them, are 11c rather more complicated than you might expect. 12d To begin with, the hero(such as the Prince in Cinderella)is played by a girl. 13c So is the heroine, in case you 14b are wondering how 15a far sex changes can go! But Cinderella’s sisters are played by men, and so on.

What is most surprising is that pantomime not only survives in 1980s but that it is 16a as popular as ever. The main reason for this is that 17d children are given the chance to participate. They must 18c warn the hero if the villain is coming and some of them go 19d on to the stage to meet the comedian. “How old are you?” asks the comedian. “I’m twelve.”

“That’s funny. When I was 20b at you age I was thirteen.” Children love it. Unit 5

The appeal of the world of work is first its freedom. The child is compelled to go to school; he is 1a under the thumb of authority, Even what he wears to school may be decided for him. As he grows up, he sees 2d what it is to be free of school and to be able to choose his job and change it if he doesn’t like it, to have money in his pocket and freedom to come and go as he wishes in the world. The boys and girls, a year or two older than he is, 3b whom he has long observed, revisit school utterly transformed and apparently mature. Suddenly masters and mistresses seem 4b as out of date as his parents and the authority of school a ridiculous thing. At the moment the adult world may appear 5a so much more real than the school world that the hunger to enter it 6d cannot be appeased by exercises in school books, or talk of the occupations. This may not be the 7d wisest of attitudes but it is a necessary part of growing up, for every man and woman must come sooner or later 8c to the point of saying “Really, I’ve had 9b enough of being taught; I must do a proper job.” Some10a young people, maturing rapidly because of outside influences, come to this decision 11c sooner than they ought. Yet in a way this is not a bad frame of mind to be in 12c on leaving school. At work, the young man makes one of the first great acceptances of life—he accepts the discipline of the material or the process he is working with. “The job must be done” in accord with some inexorable process he cannot alter. He 13a sees the point of it and in doing so 14d comes to terms with life. The work process constitutes a reality in some sense superior to that of school, and this is why he so often longs to 15b get to grips with it. Nothing done in school imposes its will in 16d quite the same way; if it’s wet, games can be cancelled; if the maths master is ill one can 17c get on with something else. But even the boy delivering papers, 18a like the driver taking out his bus, discovers that one cannot 19b put it off because there is snow on the ground, or the foreman is irritable, or he himself 20a is in a bad mood that morning. Unit 6

To suggest that a creative writer, in a time of conflict, must split his life into two compartments, may seem defeatist or frivolous; 1b yet in practice do not see what else he can do. To lock yourself up in the ivory tower is impossible and undesirable. To yield subjectively, not merely to a party machine, 2b but even to a group ideology, is to destroy yourself as a writer. We feel this dilemma to be a painful one, because we see the need to engage in politics while also seeing 3a what a dirty degrading business it is. And most of us still have a lingering belief that if a thing is necessary it is also right. We should, I think, 4c get rid of this belief, 5b which belongs to the nursery. In politics one can never do more than decide by acting 6b lesser of two evils, and there are some situations from which one can only escape by acting 7c like a devil or a lunatic. War, for example, may be necessary, but it is certainly not right. Even a general election is not exactly a pleasant or 8a edifying spectacle. If you have to 9a take part in such things —and I think you do have to —then you also have to keep part of 10d yourself inviolate. For most people the problem does not 11c arise in the same 12b form, because their lives are split already. They are truly alive only in their 13a leisure hours, and there is no emotional connection between their work and their political activities. 14b Nor are they generally asked, in the name of political loyalty, to debase themselves as workers. The artist, and especially the writer, is asked 15d just that —in fact, it is 16b the only thing that politicians ever ask of him. If he refuses, that does not mean that he is condemned to inactivity. One half of him, which 17 in a sense is 18c the whole of him, can act as resolutely, even as violently if need be, as anyone else. But his writings, 19c in so far as they have any value, will always be the products of the saner self that 20b stands aside, records the things that are done and admits their necessity, but refuses to be deceived as to their true nature. Unit 7

The readers of the 1c more popular press are clearly not only working-class people, though working-class people must form the majority 2d if only because they are a majority of the total population. 3b No doubt these journals realize that the biggest single group they can aim at is 4c that comprising the large proportion of the population who leave school 5a for good at the age of sixteen. The scholarship system introduced after the Second World War 6b may have had an effect on the working classes. It is of course important not to confuse the intellectual minority with the earnest minority: a sense of social purpose need not accompany the possession of brains. Nor do all those who enjoy advanced education abandon their social class emotionally or physically. Nevertheless the

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