2学生练习语法部分时态和语态

语法部分I.动词的时态和语态 时态 时态是谓语动词的形式，表示动作发生的时间和所 处的状态。英语的时态共有十六种。 现在：Do/ does, Is/am/ are +doing, Has/have done, Has/have been doing 过去：Did, Was/were doing, Had done, Had been doing 将来：Will/shall do, Will/shall be doing, Will/shall have done, Will/shall have been doing 过去将来：Would/should do, Would/should be doing, Would/should have done, Would/should have been doing

但其中《大纲》要求的主要有以下十种： 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、 过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、 将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、 现在完成进行时。 (一)一般现在时 表示经常性的动作和状态，常与always, every day, never, often, usually, sometimes等频度副 词连用；说话时人和事物的特性或状态；客观 真理等。 表示计划或安排中的动作。 在时间和条件状语从句中，表示一般将来时。

I usually go to work at seven in the morning. Is there anything wrong with you? You look pale. The earth moves round the sun. I-------ping-pong quite well, but I haven`t had time to play since the new year. A. will play B. have played C. played D. play The train leaves for Guangzhou at 2:30 p.m. ---When will you come to see me, Dad? ---I will go to see you when you _______ the training course. A. will have finished B. will finish C. are finishing D. finish

(二)一般过去时– 表示过去所发生的动作或状态。

My friend worked in Beijing for two years. He went to France last year. ---You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? ---I’m sorry I ___ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you. A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say C. won’t say D. didn’t say– 过去的习惯。

When I was at college, I went to the library every afternoon.

3.先后一连串动作。 The old lady went to the market, bought some vegetables and went home. 4.用于虚拟语气 It is time we went home. If the visitors arrived tomorrow, I would go to meet them at the airport. (三)一般将来时 表示将来要发生的动作或状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用 – will / shall + do

– 表示预见、意图或用在疑问句中征询听话人的意见。 He will be back soon. It______ long before we ______ the result of the experiment. A. will not be ; will know B. is ; will know C. will not be ; know D. is ; know

(2)表示现在的习惯、需要，预测现 在某事可能要发生，或者对将来的事 情现在作出决定。 Fish will die without water. Shall I help you? It is ten o’clock. Mary will be in bed by now. ---Which dress do you want? ---I’ll take the red one.

2.其他形式： be going to + do 表示计划、安排，或“最近将 来”要发生的事情，还可以描述根据某种迹象表 明将要发生的事情。 We are going to have a party this evening. Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain. be + doing 表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。

I am leaving for London tomorrow. be + to do表示按计划安排即将发生的动作；表示命令、禁 止或可能性等。

We are to finish the work before five this afternoon.

(四) 过去将来时 表示相对于过去某一时间将要发生的动作或状态，常用于宾语从句 中。 He warned us that the journey would be very dangerous. (五) 现在进行时 表示说话时正在进行的动作或发生的情况。 What is she doing now? 2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的情况。 Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _____so rapidly. A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change 表示按计划安排即将发生的动作或状态，通常只限于少数动词。 如：go, come, arrive, leave, take等。 I’ve won a holiday for two weeks to Florida. I ______ my mum. A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken

(六) 过去进行时 表示过去某一时间或某一阶段正在进行的动 作。 Radios had just been invented then, and the people were talking about sending pictures by electricity. I was attending a meeting this time yesterday. The reporter said that the UFO ________ from east to west when he saw it. A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel

(七) 将来进行时 1.表示将来某一时刻或某一阶段正在进 行的动作 This time on Saturday I shall be flying to Paris. 2.有时可以表示预料不久将要发生的动 作，比一般将来时显得客气。 A new film is on at the cinema. Will you be seeing it?

(八) 现在完成时

1.表示发生在过去但对现在有影响的动作。 I wonder why Jenny _______ us recently. We should have heard from her by now. A. hasn’t written B. doesn’t write C. won’t write D. hadn’t written 2. 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在(可 能还会继续下去)的动作，常用于延续性动词， 多和一段时间状语如since, so far,, for a year, in recent years 等用。 3. “ This/ It is the first/ second time that…..”句型 中， 从句的谓语动词常用现在完成时。 This is the third time they haven’t come for the rubbish.

(九) 过去完成时 1.表示过去某一时间以前已完成的动作，常于 by, before 等引导的时间状语连用。 He had been in this college for five years before I came to study. By the end of last month we had learned 2,000 English words. 2. 在 no sooner…than, hardly…when 等句型中 主句常用过去

完成时，从句则用一般过去时。 No sooner had I entered the classroom when the bell rung.

3.在时间和条件从句中代替过去将来时。 The doctor said the patient would sleep deeply for about twelve hours until the poison had stopped doing its harm. 4. think, hope, intend, mean, expect, want, plan 等动词的过去完成时表示过去的愿望，打算，计 划等没有实现。 I had hoped to visit him, but I was too busy. 这类动词和不定式连用时可以改为“过去式+不 定式的完成式”。 I hoped to have visited him, but I was too busy.

(十) 现在完成进行时 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在，并可能还会 继续下去的 动作，常与 for, since 等引导的时间状语连 用。 I have been working at the factory for nearly twenty years. 历年典型考题与练习 1.China will be the largest market for automobiles in 20 to 25 years if the country’s economy ______to grow at the current rate.(2000-06-A) A. continues B. has continued C. continued D. has been continued 2.Whenever I went home, I (bring) ____some gifts to my neighbor. (2000-06-A)

5.The Chinese people are doing things no

one( do) _______so far .(2000-06-A) 6.This is one of the largest bridges that _____on this river.(1000-06-A) A. is ever built B. has even been built C. was ever built D. has ever built 7.This was the first time I______ English with a foreigner.(2000-12-A) A. spoke B .speak C. have spoken D. had spoken 8.We hoped that by the end of this year we __ the job. A. had finished B. finished C. would have finished D. will finish

11. Since the introduction of the new technique, the production cost ________ greatly. A. reduces B. is reduced C. is reducing D. has been reduced 12.I hope they ________ this road by the time we come back. have repaired B. will repair C. are to repair D. will have repaired 13.In two months’ time he (finish) _________his training and start work. 14. I could have called you yesterday, but I____ your telephone number. A. didn’t have B. won’t have C. hadn’t had D. wouldn’t have

16.Please describe exactly what (happen)_______ on the campus last night. 17. The football team hoped that they (win)_____ another glorious victory soon. 18. This is the first time I (see)__________ such a terrible scene. 19. By the time you get there tomorrow, they _____for Beijing. A. will have left B. are leaving C. will leave D. are to leave 20. Thirty percent of Jane’s income __________ on clothing every year. A. is spent B. is being spent C. had been spent D. has been spent

21.I wondered why Nancy (lie)_____ about her age. 22.Most of the people who are visiting Britain ______ about the food and weather there. A. are always to complain B. have always complained C. always complain D. will always complain

23.He was told that the stranger (wait) ____for him for two hours. (had been waiting ) 24. He said “ I ______ a lot of new words by the end of last year.” A. had already learnt B. would have already learnt C. have already learnt D. already learnt 25. On his way home he suddenly remembered he (not lock) ______the door of the office.

26.Linda feels exhausted because she ______ so many visitors today. A. has been having B. was having C. had been having D. had had 27. Most students (take ) ____ sixty credits by the time they graduate. 28. Up till now I (spend)____ a great deal of money on books. 29.In these five years, the foundation ( collect ) _____ a large amount of money. 30. Hundreds of jobs _____ if the factory closes. A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose

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