2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）模拟题1.doc

2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）模拟题1

(总分：100.00，做题时间：150分钟)

一、完形填空(总题数：1，分数：10.00)

_1_ job applications to eliminate discrimination is not easy. Ten big employers in the public and private sectors—including the civil service, HSBC and Deloitte—have agreed to start _2_ on a “name-blind” basis in Britain; others may also follow suit. In such schemes, those drawing up shortlists of applicants cannot see their _3_ , with the aim of _4_ racial and sexual bias. But do they work?

In France a law passed in 2006 made the anonymising of applicants’ CVs _5_ for firms of over 50 employees. But the government was slow in laying _6_ the conditions for how the law would operate, and only started _7_ it last year. In Sweden and the Netherlands there have been some trials. Discrimination against job applicants based on their names is well _8_, particularly among ethnic minorities. An experiment in Germany found that candidates with German-sounding names were 14% more likely to be called _9_ an interview than candidates with Turkish ones. A review of various studies, by the Institute for the Study of Labour (IZA) , a German outfit, found that anonymised job applications _10_ the chances of ethnic-minority candidates being invited to a / an _11_ . A Swedish study found that it led to more _12_ candidates being hired.

However, the results from other trials are not _13_ . A second Swedish experiment found that only women, not immigrants, were boosted by anonymous recruitment. According to the IZA, experiments in the Netherlands showed no _14_ in

the likelihood of ethnic-minority candidates being offered a job if their CVs were seen anonymously, suggesting that discrimination had _15_ at the interview stage.

Ensuring that a candidate is completely _16_ is also tricky. A 2012 French study found that _17_ candidates and those from poor districts were less likely to be called for interview when applications were anonymised. Its authors suggested that recruiters may have used other _18_ , such as knowledge of Arabic, to _19_ race.

Going name-blind when shortlisting candidates may be a sensible start, but it is likely to be just a small step towards _20_ hiring bias.（分数：10.0） (1).

（分数：0.5） A.Making B.Anonymising C.Ignoring D.Taking (2).

（分数：0.5） A.recruiting B.vanishing C.beginning D.eliminating (3).

（分数：0.5） A.applications B.names

C.races D.jobs (4).

（分数：0.5） A.expanding B.increasing C.keeping D.reducing (5).

（分数：0.5） A.compulsory B.temporary C.optional D.alternative (6).

（分数：0.5） A.out B.away C.down D.off (7).

（分数：0.5） A.stopping B.enforcing C.planning D.appealing (8).

（分数：0.5） A.documented B.shaped C.realized D.understood (9).

（分数：0.5） A.on B.at C.for D.after (10). （分数：0.5） A.rise B.provide C.boost D.shrink (11). （分数：0.5） A.job B.interview C.employment

D.position (12). （分数：0.5） A.nameless B.Germanic C.ethnic D.common (13). （分数：0.5） A.clear B.suggestive C.integrated D.subordinate (14). （分数：0.5） A.indication B.evidence C.increase D.progress (15). （分数：0.5） A.stuck in B.relied on C.caught at D.crept in (16). （分数：0.5） A.anonymous B.fair C.competitive D.unknown (17). （分数：0.5） A.female B.young C.foreign-born D.emigratory (18). （分数：0.5） A.standards B.indicators C.thoughts D.indexes (19). （分数：0.5） A.identify B.discriminate C.exert D.conceal

(20). （分数：0.5） A.decreasing B.continuing C.staying D.ending

二、阅读理解(总题数：5，分数：50.00)

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

When I ask experienced college teachers and administrators to describe how college students have changed over the years, I often get an answer like this, “Today’s students are more accomplished than past generations, but they are also more emotionally fragile.”

That rings true to me. Today’s students are amazing, but they bathe one another in oceans of affirmation and praise, as if supporting one another against some insecurity. Whatever one thinks of the campus protests, the desire for trigger warnings and safe spaces does seem to originate from a place of emotional fragility.

And if you hang around the middle aged, you hear a common story line to explain the rise of the orchid generation. Once upon a time, the story line goes, kids were raised in a tough environment. They had to do hard manual chores around the house and they got in fights on the playground. Then they went off to do grueling work in the factory or they learned toughness and grit in the military.

But today, helicopter parents protect their children from setbacks and hardship. They supervise every playground conflict, so kids never learn to handle disputes or deal with pain. Emotional fragility is not only caused by overprotective parenting. It’s also caused by anything that makes it harder for people to find their goals. We are all fragile when we don’t know what our purpose is, when we haven’t thrown ourselves with abandon into a social role, when we haven’t committed ourselves to certain people, when we feel like a swimmer in an ocean with no edge.

If you really want people to be tough, make them idealistic for some cause, make them tender for some other person, make them committed to some worldview that puts today’s temporary pain in the context of a larger hope.

Emotional fragility seems like a psychological problem, but it has only a philosophical answer. People are really tough only after they have taken a leap of faith for some truth or mission or love. Once they’ve done that they can withstand a lot.（分数：10）

(1).According to the first paragraph, compared with the past generations, today’s students are ________.（分数：2） A.less talented B.physically weak

C.more versatile yet less tough D.more idealistic

(2).The following aspects are all the symptoms of today’s students on fragility EXCEPT that they ________.（分数：2） A.live by complimenting each other

B.may launch campaign in university to express their anger C.support the belief of each other D.yearn for safety in face of protest

(3).According to Paragraph 3, “orchid generation”________.（分数：2） A.do much work at home B.favor the military life C.live a good life physically

D.grow up under hostile circumstances

(4).According to the passage, what is NOT the reason why people feel fragile? ________.（分数：2）

A.They refuse to get involved into society. B.They doubt the meaning of life. C.They have psychological problems. D.They make no promises to someone.

(5).Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text? ________.（分数：2）

A.Making Modern Toughness. B.Admitting Emotional Fragility. C.Setting Clear Goals in Life. D.Avoiding Overprotective Parenting.

Text 2

Running may be the single most effective exercise to increase life expectancy, according to a new review and analysis of past research about exercise and premature death. The new study found that, compared to non-runners, runners tended to live about three additional years, even if they run slowly or sporadically and smoke, drink or are overweight. No other form of exercise that researchers looked at showed comparable impacts on life span.

The findings come as a follow-up to a study done three years ago, in which a group of distinguished exercise scientists scrutinized data from a large trove of medical and fitness tests conducted at the Cooper Institute in Dallas. That analysis found that as little as five minutes of daily running was associated with prolonged life spans.

After that study was released, the researchers were inundated with queries from fellow scientists and the general public, says Duck-chul Lee, a professor of kinesiology at Iowa State University and co-author of the study. Some people asked if other activities, such as walking, were likely to be as beneficial as running for reducing mortality risks.

High-mileage runners wondered if they could be doing too much, and if at some undefined number of miles or hours, running might become counterproductive and even contribute to premature mortality.

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