人教八下英语Unit5Whatwereyoudoingwhentherainstormcame短语语

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Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came

一、必背短语

【教材内容解析】

Section A

1.go off表示“发出响声”，还可表示“爆炸、离开、停止运转”。

例: The alarm went off at 7 a.m. yesterday. A bomb went off just now.

2.pick up=answer the phone意为“接电话”。

例：Why don’t you pick up/answer the phone?

【拓展】pick up还可表示“捡起、采摘开车接送”。

例：My pen is under your desk. Can you pick it up for me?

例：Can you pick me up at the station?

3 .(1) with介词，本文指伴随状况，意为“由于、因为”,with还有“和…一起、用、有、穿着。

（2）feel like表示“感觉像、感觉好似”

例：The interview only took ten minutes, but it felt like hours.

【拓展】feel like还可以表示“想要”，后接动词时，用doing的形式。

例：He didn’t feel like going swimming.

4.make sure意为“确保”，后接of短语或者that从句。

例：I tried to make sure of the problem. Make sure that no one finds out about it.

5. match作名词，表示“火柴”。

例：Don’t let your children play with matches.

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【拓展】match作名词还可表示“比赛”，用作动词，意为“匹配，般配”。

例：Our team won the football game. This pair of shoes match your dress well.

6.（1）beat作动词，表示“敲打、拍打”，还可表示“战胜、打败”，宾语是对手。

例：They beat drums to cheer up the players. I beat her at swimming yesterday. （2）against用作介词，可表示“碰、撞、倚着、靠着、逆着”或者“反对”。

例：The worker put the leader against（靠着） the wall.

We were rowing against（逆着） the current.逆流而上

They are against （反对）building a factory here.

The rain beat against（撞） the windows.

7.die down意为“逐渐变弱、逐渐消失”。例: The wind finally died down.

8.(1) wake sb.（名/代） up 或wake up sb.(名词)意为“把某人唤醒”，wake up意为“醒来”。

例：His mother often wakes him up at 6:00 in the morning. I usually wake up at 6:30.

(2) rise(rose, risen, rising)不及物动词，意为“升起，上升”

辨析：rise与raise

9. break...apart意为“把……折断；把……分开”。

例：The strong wind broke the branches apart. Rumors broke the two close friends apart.

Section B

1.realize作及物动词，意为“理解、领会、意识到、实现（dream）”，后接名词、代词或者从句作宾语。

例: He didn’t realize his mistake. The man laughed when he realized what happened.

2.make one’s way to意为“前往……”，后接表示地点的名词。

例：We slowly made our way to the mall through the crowd.

3.Over=more than此处表示“超过、多于”。

例：She stayed in Lagos for over a month.

4.on the radio表示“通过广播、通过录音机”，on此处用作介词，表示“借助、以某种方式”，后常接表示媒介的名词。

例：She is watching the show on TV.

5.(1) rest作名词表示“其余的部分”，the rest of意为“其余的……”，后可接可数名词或不可数名词，当在句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与of后面的名词保持一致。

例：The rest of the money is on the desk.（money不可数）

例：Some of the students are reading in the classroom and the rest of them（复数）are

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on the playground.

(2)in silence意为“沉默、无声”。

例：She stood by the window in silence for a long time.

6.（1）recently用作副词，意为“近来、最近”，常与现在完成时连用。

例：Have you called your mother recently?

（2）take down意为“拆除、拆掉”，还可表示“写下、记下=write down”。

例: Could you please help me take down this tent?

I forgot to take down his telephone number.

7.at first意为“起初、起先”，多用于句首或句尾，暗示与后来的动作或者情况不同，与at last“最后、最终”相对。

例：The work was hard at first, but I got used to it later.

8.truth用作名词，表示“实情、事实”，to tell the truth表示“说实话”，可放在句中作插入语，用逗号同句子其它成分隔开。

例：I must tell you the truth. To tell the truth ,I am not good at English.

【语法讲解】

过去进行时

1. 定义：表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗

示以外, 一般用时间状语来表示。

2. 肯定结构：主语+ was / were + 动词-ing

例：I/He/She/It was working. We/You/They/ were working.

否定句:主语+ was / were ( not ) + 动词-ing

例：I/He/She/It was not working. We/You/They/ were not working.

一般疑问式：was / were+主语+动词-ing?

肯定回答：Yes,主语+ was / were

否定回答：No, 主语+ was / were ( not )

例：Was I working? Yes, you were. No, you were not. Was he/she/it working? Yes, he/she/it was. No, he/she/it was not. Were we/you/they working? Yes, you/we/they were. No, you/we/they were not. 注：

was not常缩略为wasn’t; were not常缩略为weren’t。

2) 一般过去时与过去进行时用法的比较:

一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态, 而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。例:

David wrote a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。(信写完了。) David was writing a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信。(信不一定写完。)

4.过去进行时中的when和while区别

（1）一般情况下，由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时；

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由while引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去进行时。

例：When the teacher came in, we were talking.

当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为： While we were talking, the teacher came in. （2）从句谓语动词延续性

When引导的从句谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间性动词。

While引导的从句谓语动词只能是延续性动词。

例： I t was raining hard when we arrived. （arrive为瞬间性动词，只能用when）（3）主从句动作先后顺序上

When引导的从句谓语动作可在主句动作之前、之后或同时发生。

While引导的从句谓语动作和主句动作同时发生。

例：While/When we were talking, the teacher came in.（两动作同时发生，when/while 都行）

（4）如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导。

例：They were singing while we were dancing.

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