小学阶段英语语法大全

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小学阶段英语语法大全

名词

一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别

普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people,family 等)。

如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。

二、可数名词

可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：

1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。

如：book → books room → rooms house → houses day → days

2. 以s,ss, ch,sh, x 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 。

如：bus → buses glass → glasses watch → watches dish → dishes box →boxes

3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es。

如：city → cities body → bodies factory → factories等等。

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4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为v再加-es。

如：half → halves leaf → leaves knife → knives wife → wives

5. 特例[悄悄话：特例常常考，要记住。]

① child → children

② man → men woman → women policeman → policemen

policewoman-policewomen

③ tomato → tomatoes potato → potatoes [悄悄话：初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es，其余的当然加-s喽！如：photo → photos ]

④ foot → feet tooth → teeth [悄悄话：oo变成ee。]

⑤ mouse-mice

⑥ fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形[悄悄话：变复数时词形不变。]

⑦ people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；people的复数形式peoples 通常指"多个民族"。

三、不可数名词

1. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

如：The food is very fresh.食品很新鲜。

2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义发生变化。

如：water (水) → waters (水域) orange (橘汁) → oranges (橘子)

3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数，表示种类时就可数，但意义多不发生变化。

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如：fruit → fruits food → foods fish → fishes hair → hairs 写出下列各词的复数

I _________him _________this ___________her ______ watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______

day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____ thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______ man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________ water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________ 用所给名词的适当形式填空。

1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?

2. There is some________(food) in the basket.

3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.

4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.

5. There are five________(people ) in his family.

6. Let's take________(photo), OK?

7. I have lots of________(tomato) here.

8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.

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9. The________(child) are playing games on the playground now.

10. Their________(dictionary) look new.

11. I see you have a few white________(hair).

12. They are________(woman) doctors.

13. Can you give me some bottles of ____ (orange), please?

14. There are many________(fox) in the picture.

15. I would like some apple________(juice). I am very thirsty.

一般现在时

一般现在时的功能

1.表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与always，often，usually，every day，sometimes 等连用。

如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。

2.表示客观事实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

3.用在格言或谚语中。如：Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。

一般现在时的构成

1. be动词：

陈述句：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。

否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。

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一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?

2.行为动词：

陈述句：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。

当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。

否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I don't like bread.

当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如：He doesn't often play. 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：Do you often play football? Yes, I do. / No, I don't.

当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。

如：Does she go to work by bike? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.

特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?

第三人称单数动词+s的变化规则

1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks

2．以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies

一般现在时练习：

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一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数

drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________look _________ have_______pass_____ __ carry _ ___come________ watch______ teach_______plant_______ fly ________study_______ do_________

二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

1. He often ___ __ ___(have) dinner at home.

2. Daniel and Tommy ___ __ ____(be) in Class One.

3. We ___ __ ____(not watch) TV on Monday.

4. Nick ___ __ ____(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.

5. ____ __ __ they _____ __ ___(like) the World Cup?

6. What ______ __ _they often ____ __ ___(do) on Saturdays?

7. ____ __ ___ your parents ____ __ ___(read) newspapers every day?

8. The girl ____ __ ___(teach) us English on Sundays.

9. She and I ___ __ _____(take) a walk together every evening.

10. There ______ __ __(be) some water in the bottle.

11. Mike ___ __ ____(like) cooking.

12. They ___ __ ____(have) the same hobby.

13. My aunt ____ __ ___(look) after her baby carefully.

14. You always __ __ _____(do) your homework well.

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15. I ____ __ ___(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.

16. She __ __ _____(go) to school from Monday to Friday.

17. Liu Tao __ _______(do) not like PE.

18. The child often ____ __ ___(watch) TV in the evening.

19. Su Hai and Su Yang __ _______(have) eight lessons this term.

20. －What day ___ __ ____(be) it today? －It’s Saturday.

三、按照要求改写句子

1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)

___________________________________________________

2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)

________________________________________________________ 3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)

_______________________________________________________ 4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)

________________________________________________________ 5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)

_______________________________________________________ 6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)

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___________________________________________________

7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)

________________________________________________________ 8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)

___________________________________________________

9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)

________________________________________________________ 10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句)

___________________________________________________

一般过去时

1．一般过去时的功能

（1）表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

如：We visited our uncle last week.上周我们探望了我们的叔叔。

（2）一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。

如：I watched TV every day last month.上个月我每天都看电视。常和表示过去的时间状语连用

表示过去的时间状语

1、yesterday

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Yesterday，the day before yesterday，yesterday evening

2、last

last night，last+时间(last week , last month, last year)

3、ago

a moment ago（=just now），long long ago，“一段时间+ago”表示“……前”。如：three days ago”

4、这一组,是考试常考的,需要特别记忆!

this morning，when I was five years old，in +过去时间词(in 1998)，once upon a time(很久以前)

2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：

⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。

⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。

⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was 或were后加not（was not=wasn’t ，were not=weren’t），一般疑问句把was或were 调到句首。

3．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子

否定句：didn’t +动词原形，如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday.

一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday?

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特殊疑问句：

⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如：What did Jim do yesterday?

⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday?

动词过去式变化规则：

1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked

2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted

3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped

4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied

过去时练习

写出下列动词的过去式

is\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____

taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________

Be动词的过去时练习（1）

一、用be动词的适当形式填空

1. I _______ at school just now.

2. He ________ at the camp last week.

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3. We ________ students two years ago.

4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago.

5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.

6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.

7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.

8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.

二、句型转换

1. It was exciting.

否定句：_______________________________________________

一般疑问句：____________________________________________

肯、否定回答：__________________________________________

2. All the students were very excited.

否定句：_______________________________________________

一般疑问句：____________________________________________

肯、否定回答：__________________________________________

3. They were in his pocket.

否定句：_______________________________________________

一般疑问句：____________________________________________

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肯、否定回答：__________________________________________

Be动词的过去时练习（2）

一、用be动词的适当形式填空

1. I ______ an English teacher now.

2. She _______ happy yesterday.

3. They _______ glad to see each other last month.

4. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends.

5. The little dog _____ two years old this year.

6. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here.

7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday..

8. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children’s Day. All the students ______ very excited.

二、句型转换

1. There was a car in front of the house just now.

否定句：_______________________________________________

一般疑问句：____________________________________________

肯、否定回答：__________________________________________

肯、否定回答：__________________________________________

三、中译英

1．我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。

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_______________________________________________

2．他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。

_______________________________________________

3．一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。

_______________________________________________

行为动词的过去时练习（1）

一、用行为动词的适当形式填空

1. He _________ (live) in Wuxi two years ago.

2. The cat ________ (eat) a bird last night.

3. We _______ (have) a party last Halloween.

4. Nancy ________ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.

5. I ________ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.

6. They ________ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.

7. My mother _______ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.

8. The girls ________ (sing) and _______ (dance) at the party.

二、句型转换

1. Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day.

否定句：_______________________________________________

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一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 2. Nancy went to school early.

否定句：_______________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 3. We sang some English songs.

否定句：_______________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 行为动词的过去时练习（2）

Name ____________ No. ______ Date __________

一、用be动词的适当形式填空

1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.

2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.

3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)

4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?

5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.

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6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.

7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.

8. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning? She

__________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.

二、句型转换

1. They played football in the playground.

否定句：_______________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________

三、中译英

1. 格林先生去年住在中国。

2. 昨天我们参观了农场。

3. 他刚才在找他的手机。

过去时综合练习（1）

一、用动词的适当形式填空

1. It ______ (be) Ben’s b irthday last Friday.

2. We all ______ (have) a good time last night.

3. He ________ (jump) high on last Sports Day.

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4. Helen ________ (milk) a cow on Friday.

5. She likes ______ newspapers, but she ______ a book yesterday. (read)

6. He _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now. (play)

7. Jim’s mother _________ (plant) trees just now.

8. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on Sunday?

No, they _____.

9. I _______ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.

10. We ___________ (go) to school on Sunday.

二、中译英

1. 我们上周五看了一部电影。

_______________________________________________

2. 他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗？是的。

_______________________________________________

3. 你们上个儿童节做了什么？我们参观了动物园。

_______________________________________________

4. 你上周在哪儿?在野营基地。

_______________________________________________

过去时综合练习（2）

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Name ____________ No. ______ Date __________

一、用动词的适当形式填空

1. It _____ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday.

Mr White ________ (go) to his office by car.

2. Gao Shan ________ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.

3. Don’t ______ the house. Mum _______ it yesterday. (clean)

4. What ____ you ______ just now? I _______ some housework. (do)

5. They _________ (make) a kite a week ago.

6. I want to ______ apples. But my dad _______ all of them last month. (pick)

7. _______ he ______ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _____. (water)

8. She ____ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _____ (do) Chinese dances.

9. The students often _________ (draw) some pictures in the art room.

10.What ______ Mike do on the farm? He ________ cows. (milk)

二、中译英

1. 他的朋友在照看他的弟弟。

_________________________________________________________ 2. 去年端午节我们没去看了龙舟比赛。

_________________________________________________________

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3. 他在音乐课上拉小提琴了吗？不，没有。

_________________________________________________________ 现在进行时

1．现在进行时的功能

（1）表示现在（说话时）正在发生的动作，一般和now,right now,at this moment等连用。

（2）也可以表示当前一段时间正在发生的事情（说话时不一定进行），常与this week，this month，these days（这些天）连用。

如：We are writing a book this month.这个月我们正在写一本书。

2．现在进行时的构成

肯定句：主语+be动词（am /is /are）+动词ing+其他。如：I am reading a book.我正在读一本书。

They are playing basketball now.他们现在在打篮球。

He is cleaning the classroom now.他正在打扫教室。

否定句：主语+be动词（am /is /are）+not+动词ing+其他。

如：They are not playing basketball now.他们现在不在打篮球。

一般疑问句：Be动词+主语+动词ing+其他。

肯定回答：Yes，主语+be动词（am /is /are）。

否定回答：No，主语+be动词（am /is /are）+not。

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如：Are they playing basketball now.他们现在在打篮球吗？

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句如：What are they playing now?他们现在在玩什么？

但是，当疑问词为主语时，其结构为：疑问词+ be + 动词ing?

如：Who are playing baskerball now?谁正在打篮球？

动词加ing的变化规则

1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking

2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting

3．如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping

现在进行时专项练习：

一、写出下列动词的现在分词：

play________ run__________ swim _________make__________

go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________

read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________

put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________

live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________

stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________

二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：

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1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.

2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .

3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.

4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?

5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .

6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.

7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .

8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.

9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now

10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .

三、句型转换：

1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________ 2．The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答) ____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

3．I’m playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问)

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____________________________________________________ 4．Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问)

____________________________________________________

一般将来时

一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。

二、基本结构：

①be going to + do；如：I’m going to have a picnic this afterno on.

②will+ do. 如：I will have a picnic this afternoon.

三、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。如：I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.

四、一般疑问句：be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。

如：Are you going to have a picnic this afternoon? 如：Will you have a picnic this afternoon?

五、特殊疑问句。一般来说有三种情况：

1. 问人（对主语提问）。用Who 如：I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon.

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