中石化英语考试(2)

天然气分公司第二届青年员工英语风采大赛选拔赛笔试试卷

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一、英译汉（65分）

1. Many substances are being used in place of certain naturally occurring materials because either the natural product is unobtainable in sufficient quantity or, more usually, because the physical properties of the synthetic substance, as it is called, have been deliberately chosen, and even emphasized, in order to provide the maximum degree of usefulness in the field chosen for their application. In many cases, the synthetic product is the result of a deliberate attempt to imitate some rare natural material. Thus, celluloid（赛璐珞） resulted from efforts to produce a synthetic horn; cellulose acetate, such as safety film were the outcome of trying to reduce the inflammability of celluloid. Moreover, it is intended to show that these synthetic products have been “made to measure” in such a way that their internal molecular structure shows them with the very properties which are their characteristic attributes. In this way, these substances have been built up so as to possess all the advantageous properties of the naturally occurring material without those disadvantages so generally characteristic of natural raw materials. Typical synthetic products that are foremost in the minds of most people nowadays are plastics and artificial fibers. Both of these are substances put to a wide variety of uses. (15分)

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2. To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step. At any given moment the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in dress, and the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification to precede the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence is a subtle affair, liable to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own — and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a sudden alienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.（25分）

3. In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name, to propitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin in the modern, secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places. In addition, one class of family reasons shares a border with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy the wife, to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined by its converse: in some societies the failure to bear children (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce. Beyond all that is the profound significance of children to the very institution of the family itself. To many people, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family—they need children to enrich the circle, to validate its family character, to gather the redemptive influence of offspring. Children need the family, but the family seems also to need children, as the social institution uniquely available, at least in principle, for security, comfort, assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostile, world. To most people, such a home base, in the literal sense, needs more than one person for sustenance and in generational extension.（25分）

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二、汉译英(35分)

1、这种人与自然的巧妙和谐，多少能够说明这个国家的几分魅力。（5分）

6、 人们曾一度认为，大气污染只会影响到拥有工厂或者交通拥挤的大城市。如今，

我们知道尽管这些地区是大气污染最严重的地区，但实际上这个问题是全球性的。事实上，全球的气候都可能受到大气污染的影响。（10分）

2、新技术史无前例地把世界连在了一起，我们的地球变小了。（5分）

3、网络确实有问题，但情况却决非像媒体说的那么糟。（5分）

4、我想即便是有这么一个机会，我也不会去改变，因为我非常喜欢我的专业。（5分）

5、我打算学习更多的艺术史论知识，以及提高自身的软件设计能力。（5分）

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